scholarly journals The Na+/Ca2+, K+ exchanger NCKX4 is required for efficient cone-mediated vision

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frans Vinberg ◽  
Tian Wang ◽  
Alicia De Maria ◽  
Haiqing Zhao ◽  
Steven Bassnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Deficient Mouse ◽  
Operating Range ◽  
Response Recovery ◽  
Wide Operating

Calcium (Ca2+) plays an important role in the function and health of neurons. In vertebrate cone photoreceptors, Ca2+ controls photoresponse sensitivity, kinetics, and light adaptation. Despite the critical role of Ca2+ in supporting the function and survival of cones, the mechanism for its extrusion from cone outer segments is not well understood. Here, we show that the Na+/Ca2+, K+ exchanger NCKX4 is expressed in zebrafish, mouse, and primate cones. Functional analysis of NCKX4-deficient mouse cones revealed that this exchanger is essential for the wide operating range and high temporal resolution of cone-mediated vision. We show that NCKX4 shapes the cone photoresponse together with the cone-specific NCKX2: NCKX4 acts early to limit response amplitude, while NCKX2 acts late to further accelerate response recovery. The regulation of Ca2+ by NCKX4 in cones is a novel mechanism that supports their ability to function as daytime photoreceptors and promotes their survival.

scholarly journals A statistics-based temporal filter algorithm to map spatiotemporally continuous shortwave albedo from MODIS data

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 2121-2129 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. F. Liu ◽  
Q. Liu ◽  
L. Z. Wang ◽  
S. L. Liang ◽  
J. G. Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Surface Albedo ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Land Surface Parameter ◽  
Temporal Filter ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

Abstract. Land-surface albedo plays a critical role in the earth's radiant energy budget studies. Satellite remote sensing provides an effective approach to acquire regional and global albedo observations. Owing to cloud coverage, seasonal snow and sensor malfunctions, spatiotemporally continuous albedo datasets are often inaccessible. The Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS) project aims at providing a suite of key land surface parameter datasets with high temporal resolution and high accuracy for a global change study. The GLASS preliminary albedo datasets are global daily land-surface albedo generated by an angular bin algorithm (Qu et al., 2013). Like other products, the GLASS preliminary albedo datasets are affected by large areas of missing data; beside, sharp fluctuations exist in the time series of the GLASS preliminary albedo due to data noise and algorithm uncertainties. Based on the Bayesian theory, a statistics-based temporal filter (STF) algorithm is proposed in this paper to fill data gaps, smooth albedo time series, and generate the GLASS final albedo product. The results of the STF algorithm are smooth and gapless albedo time series, with uncertainty estimations. The performance of the STF method was tested on one tile (H25V05) and three ground stations. Results show that the STF method has greatly improved the integrity and smoothness of the GLASS final albedo product. Seasonal trends in albedo are well depicted by the GLASS final albedo product. Compared with MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) product, the GLASS final albedo product has a higher temporal resolution and more competence in capturing the surface albedo variations. It is recommended that the quality flag should be always checked before using the GLASS final albedo product.

scholarly journals Heterozygous variants in KCNC2 cause a broad spectrum of epilepsy phenotypes associated with characteristic functional alterations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Schwarz ◽  
Simone Seiffert ◽  
Manuela Pendziwiat ◽  
Annika Rademacher ◽  
Tobias Bruenger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Causative Gene ◽  
Characteristic Functional ◽  
Research Collaborations ◽  
The Brain

Background KCNC2 encodes a member of the shaw-related voltage-gated potassium channel family (KV3.2), which are important for sustained high-frequency firing and optimized energy efficiency of action potentials in the brain. Methods Individuals with KCNC2 variants detected by exome sequencing were selected for clinical, further genetic and functional analysis. The cases were referred through clinical and research collaborations in our study. Four de novo variants were examined electrophysiologically in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Results We identified novel KCNC2 variants in 27 patients with various forms of epilepsy. Functional analysis demonstrated gain-of-function in severe and loss-of-function in milder phenotypes as the underlying pathomechanisms with specific response to valproic acid. Conclusion These findings implicate KCNC2 as a novel causative gene for epilepsy emphasizing the critical role of KV3.2 in the regulation of brain excitability with an interesting genotype-phenotype correlation and a potential concept for precision medicine.

scholarly journals Essential role of spi-1–like (spi-1l) in zebrafish myeloid cell differentiation

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 2038-2046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Bukrinsky ◽  
Kevin J. P. Griffin ◽  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Shuo Lin ◽  
Utpal Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Myeloid Cell ◽  
Myeloid Differentiation ◽  
Adult Kidney ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The ETS protein Spi-1/Pu.1 plays a pivotal and widespread role throughout hematopoiesis in many species. This study describes the identification, characterization, and functional analysis of a new zebrafish spi transcription factor spi-1–like (spi-1l) that is expressed in primitive myeloid cells, erythro-myelo progenitor cells, and in the adult kidney. Spi-1l functions genetically downstream of etsrp, scl, and spi-1/pu.1 in myeloid differentiation. Spi-1l is coexpressed in a subset of spi-1/pu.1 cells and its function is necessary and sufficient for macrophage and granulocyte differentiation. These results establish a critical role for spi-1l in zebrafish myeloid cell differentiation.

scholarly journals Pheromone binding protein shapes olfactory temporal resolution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Shiota ◽  
Takeshi Sakurai ◽  
Noriyasu Ando ◽  
Stephan Shuichi Haupt ◽  
Hidefumi Mitsuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Pheromone Binding Protein ◽  
Air Turbulence ◽  
Behavioural Analysis ◽  
Antennal Response ◽  
Pheromone Plumes

AbstractMale moths are capable of orienting towards conspecific females using sex pheromones. Since pheromones are distributed as discontinuous plumes owing to air turbulence, tracking intermittent stimuli with high temporal resolution is suggested to be important for efficient localisation. Here, using a pheromone binding protein (BmPBP1) knockout silkmoth, we revealed that the loss of functional pheromone binding protein altered antennal response kinetics resulting in reduced temporal resolution to intermittent pheromone stimuli on the antennae. Behavioural analysis revealed that BmPBP1-knockout males exhibited significantly less straight walking, which occurs when detecting pheromone stimuli, especially to high frequency stimuli. Accordingly, BmPBP1-knockout males took a significantly longer time to locate pheromone sources and females than did wild-type males. Together, BmPBP1 plays a critical role in determining temporal antennal response kinetics and that an appropriate range of temporal sensory and behavioural resolutions is essential for tracking pheromone plumes for efficient pheromone source localisation in the silkmoth.

scholarly journals Frequency-Resolved Functional Connectivity: Role of Delay and the Strength of Connections

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Ziaeemehr ◽  
Alireza Valizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Kuramoto Model ◽  
Functional Networks ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
The Brain

The brain functional network extracted from the BOLD signals reveals the correlated activity of the different brain regions, which is hypothesized to underlie the integration of the information across functionally specialized areas. Functional networks are not static and change over time and in different brain states, enabling the nervous system to engage and disengage different local areas in specific tasks on demand. Due to the low temporal resolution, however, BOLD signals do not allow the exploration of spectral properties of the brain dynamics over different frequency bands which are known to be important in cognitive processes. Recent studies using imaging tools with a high temporal resolution has made it possible to explore the correlation between the regions at multiple frequency bands. These studies introduce the frequency as a new dimension over which the functional networks change, enabling brain networks to transmit multiplex of information at any time. In this computational study, we explore the functional connectivity at different frequency ranges and highlight the role of the distance between the nodes in their correlation. We run the generalized Kuramoto model with delayed interactions on top of the brain's connectome and show that how the transmission delay and the strength of the connections, affect the correlation between the pair of nodes over different frequency bands.

scholarly journals Frequency-resolved functional connectivity: Role of delay and the strength of connections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Ziaeemehr ◽  
Alireza Valizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Kuramoto Model ◽  
Functional Networks ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe brain functional network extracted from the BOLD signals reveals the correlated activity of the different brain regions, which is hypothesized to underlie the integration of the information across functionally specialized areas. Functional networks are not static and change over time and in different brain states, enabling the nervous system to engage and disengage different local areas in specific tasks on demand. Due to the low temporal resolution, however, BOLD signals do not allow the exploration of spectral properties of the brain dynamics over different frequency bands which are known to be important in cognitive processes. Recent studies using imaging tools with a high temporal resolution has made it possible to explore the correlation between the regions at multiple frequency bands. These studies introduce the frequency as a new dimension over which the functional networks change, enabling brain networks to transmit multiplex of information at any time. In this computational study, we explore the functional connectivity at different frequency ranges and highlight the role of the distance between the nodes in their correlation. We run the generalized Kuramoto model with delayed interactions on top of the brain’s connectome and show that how the transmission delay and the strength of the connections, affect the correlation between the pair of nodes over different frequency bands.

scholarly journals A Glra3 phospho-deficient mouse mutant establishes the critical role of PKA-dependent phosphorylation and inhibition of glycine receptors in spinal inflammatory hyperalgesia

Pain ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Werynska ◽  
Jacinthe Gingras ◽  
Dietmar Benke ◽  
Louis Scheurer ◽  
Elena Neumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Deficient Mouse ◽  
Mouse Mutant ◽  
Glycine Receptors ◽  
Inflammatory Hyperalgesia
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