scholarly journals Effects of arsenic on the topology and solubility of promyelocytic leukemia (PML)-nuclear bodies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seishiro Hirano ◽  
Osamu Udagawa
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptor ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Nuclear Bodies ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Gene Translocation ◽  
Pml Nuclear Bodies ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptor Α

AbstractPromyelocytic leukemia (PML) proteins are involved in the pathogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Trivalent arsenic (As3+) is known to cure APL by binding to cysteine residues of PML and enhance the degradation of PML-retinoic acid receptor α (RARα), a t(15;17) gene translocation product in APL cells, and restore PML-nuclear bodies (NBs). The size, number, and shape of PML-NBs vary among cell types and during cell division. However, topological changes of PML-NBs in As3+-exposed cells have not been well-documented. We report that As3+-induced solubility shift underlies rapid SUMOylation of PML and late aggregation of PML-NBs. Most PML-NBs were toroidal and irregular-shaped in GFPPML-transduced CHO-K1 and HEK293 cells, respectively. The annular PML-NBs appeared unstable and dissipated into small PML-NBs in HEK cells. Exposure to As3+ and antimony (Sb3+) greatly reduced the solubility of PML and enhanced SUMOylation within 2 h, and prolonged exposure resulted in PML-NB agglomeration. Exposure to bismuth (Bi3+), another Group 15 element, did not induce any of these changes. ML792, a SUMO activation inhibitor, reduced the number of PML-NBs and increased the size of the NBs, but had little effect on the As3+-induced solubility change of PML. The results show that SUMOylation regulates the dynamics of PML-NBs but does not contribute to the As3+-induced solubility change of PML.

scholarly journals Role of Promyelocytic Leukemia (Pml) Sumolation in Nuclear Body Formation, 11s Proteasome Recruitment, and as2O3-Induced Pml or Pml/Retinoic Acid Receptor α Degradation

2001 ◽  
Vol 193 (12) ◽  
pp. 1361-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Lallemand-Breitenbach ◽  
Jun Zhu ◽  
Francine Puvion ◽  
Marcel Koken ◽  
Nicole Honoré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Nuclear Matrix ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptor ◽  
Nuclear Body ◽  
Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Nuclear Bodies ◽  
Acid Receptor ◽  
Pml Nuclear Bodies ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptor Α

Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) is the organizer of nuclear matrix domains, PML nuclear bodies (NBs), with a proposed role in apoptosis control. In acute promyelocytic leukemia, PML/retinoic acid receptor (RAR) α expression disrupts NBs, but therapies such as retinoic acid or arsenic trioxide (As2O3) restore them. PML is conjugated by the ubiquitin-related peptide SUMO-1, a process enhanced by As2O3 and proposed to target PML to the nuclear matrix. We demonstrate that As2O3 triggers the proteasome-dependent degradation of PML and PML/RARα and that this process requires a specific sumolation site in PML, K160. PML sumolation is dispensable for its As2O3-induced matrix targeting and formation of primary nuclear aggregates, but is required for the formation of secondary shell-like NBs. Interestingly, only these mature NBs harbor 11S proteasome components, which are further recruited upon As2O3 exposure. Proteasome recruitment by sumolated PML only likely accounts for the failure of PML-K160R to be degraded. Therefore, studying the basis of As2O3-induced PML/RARα degradation we show that PML sumolation directly or indirectly promotes its catabolism, suggesting that mature NBs could be sites of intranuclear proteolysis and opening new insights into NB alterations found in viral infections or transformation.

scholarly journals Arsenic-Induced SUMO-Dependent Recruitment of RNF4 into PML Nuclear Bodies

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 4227-4239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Claude Geoffroy ◽  
Ellis G. Jaffray ◽  
Katherine J. Walker ◽  
Ronald T. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid Receptor ◽  
E3 Ligase ◽  
Nuclear Body ◽  
Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Nuclear Bodies ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Nuclear Trafficking ◽  
Sumo Modification ◽  
Ubiquitin E3 Ligase ◽  
Pml Nuclear Bodies

In acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein is fused to the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR). Arsenic is an effective treatment for this disease as it induces SUMO-dependent ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of the PML-RAR fusion protein. Here we analyze the nuclear trafficking dynamics of PML and its SUMO-dependent ubiquitin E3 ligase, RNF4 in response to arsenic. After administration of arsenic, PML immediately transits into nuclear bodies where it undergoes SUMO modification. This initial recruitment of PML into nuclear bodies is not dependent on RNF4, but RNF4 quickly follows PML into the nuclear bodies where it is responsible for ubiquitylation of SUMO-modified PML and its degradation by the proteasome. While arsenic restricts the mobility of PML, FRAP analysis indicates that RNF4 continues to rapidly shuttle into PML nuclear bodies in a SUMO-dependent manner. Under these conditions FRET studies indicate that RNF4 interacts with SUMO in PML bodies but not directly with PML. These studies indicate that arsenic induces the rapid reorganization of the cell nucleus by SUMO modification of nuclear body-associated PML and uptake of the ubiquitin E3 ligase RNF4 leading to the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of PML.

scholarly journals Expression of Promyelocytic Leukemia (PML) Protein in the Mouse Developing Spermatogonia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Tavassoli ◽  
Hesam DEHGHANI
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Spermatogonial Stem Cells ◽  
Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Nuclear Bodies ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Open Chromatin ◽  
Pml Nuclear Bodies ◽  
Oct4 Protein

Abstract Background: Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) as the main protein of PML nuclear bodies regulates various physiological processes such as transcription, DNA repair, apoptosis, senescence, and several signaling pathways in different cell types. It is well known that the PML protein is involved in the regulation of stem cell properties by maintaining an open chromatin conformation for the regulatory regions of the Oct4 gene. However, there is no experimental evidence for the presence and function of PML protein in the testis tissue. Results: In this study, we show the presence of PML protein in the developing mouse testis and its co-expression with the OCT4 protein. Immunohistochemical analysis of testis mirror sections shows that PML is co-expressed with the OCT4 protein in the outermost cellular layer of seminiferous tubules, where the spermatogonial stem cells are located. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the PML protein might be involved in the stemness of spermatogonial stem cells at different stages of its development, even before earning the ability to produce mature sperm.

scholarly journals LYSP100-associated nuclear domains (LANDs): description of a new class of subnuclear structures and their relationship to PML nuclear bodies

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 1423-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
AL Dent ◽  
J Yewdell ◽  
F Puvion-Dutilleul ◽  
MH Koken ◽  
H de The ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid Receptor ◽  
Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Nuclear Bodies ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Regulatory Proteins ◽  
New Class ◽  
Pml Nuclear Bodies ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Alpha Gene ◽  
Nuclear Domains

The PML gene is fused to the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR alpha) gene in t(15;17) acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), creating a PML-RAR alpha fusion oncoprotein. The PML gene product has been localized to subnuclear dot-like structures variously termed PODs, ND10s, Kr bodies, or PML nuclear bodies (PML NBs). The present study describes the cloning of a lymphoid-restricted gene, LYSP100, that is homologous to another protein that localizes to PML NBs, SP100. In addition to SP100 homology regions, one LYSP100 cDNA isoform contains a bromodomain and a PHD/TTC domain, which are present in a variety of transcriptional regulatory proteins. By immunofluorescence, LYSP100 was localized to nuclear dots that were surprisingly largely nonoverlapping with PML NBs. However, a minority of LYSP100 nuclear dots exactly colocalized with PML and SP100. We term the LYSP100 structures “LANDs,” for LYSP100- associated nuclear domains. Although LYSP100 is expressed only in lymphoid cells, LANDs could be visualized in HeLa cells by transfection of a LYSP100 cDNA. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed LANDs to be globular, electron-dense structures morphologically distinct from the annular structures characteristic of PML NBs. LANDs were most often found in the nucleoplasm, but were also found at the nuclear membrane and in the cytoplasm, suggesting that these structures may traffic between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. By double-immunogold labeling of PML and LYSP100, some LANDs were shown to contain both PML and LYSP100. Thus, PML is localized to a second subnuclear domain that is morphologically and biochemically distinct from PML NBs.

scholarly journals Synergy against PML-RARa: targeting transcription, proteolysis, differentiation, and self-renewal in acute promyelocytic leukemia

2013 ◽  
Vol 210 (13) ◽  
pp. 2793-2802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Augusto dos Santos ◽  
Lev Kats ◽  
Pier Paolo Pandolfi
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptor ◽  
Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Nuclear Bodies ◽  
Pml Nuclear Bodies ◽  
Molecular Events

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a hematological malignancy driven by a chimeric oncoprotein containing the C terminus of the retinoic acid receptor-a (RARa) fused to an N-terminal partner, most commonly promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML). Mechanistically, PML-RARa acts as a transcriptional repressor of RARa and non-RARa target genes and antagonizes the formation and function of PML nuclear bodies that regulate numerous signaling pathways. The empirical discoveries that PML-RARa–associated APL is sensitive to both all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO), and the subsequent understanding of the mechanisms of action of these drugs, have led to efforts to understand the contribution of molecular events to APL cell differentiation, leukemia-initiating cell (LIC) clearance, and disease eradication in vitro and in vivo. Critically, the mechanistic insights gleaned from these studies have resulted not only in a better understanding of APL itself, but also carry valuable lessons for other malignancies.

scholarly journals FLT3-ITD impedes retinoic acid, but not arsenic, responses in murine acute promyelocytic leukemias

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (13) ◽  
pp. 1495-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Esnault ◽  
Ramy Rahmé ◽  
Kim L. Rice ◽  
Caroline Berthier ◽  
Coline Gaillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptor ◽  
Nuclear Body ◽  
Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Nuclear Bodies ◽  
P53 Signaling ◽  
Pml Nuclear Bodies ◽  
All Trans Retinoic Acid

Abstract Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is often associated with activating FLT3 signaling mutations. These are highly related to hyperleukocytosis, a major adverse risk factor with chemotherapy-based regimens. APL is a model for oncogene-targeted therapies: all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic both target and degrade its ProMyelocytic Leukemia/Retinoic Acid Receptor α (PML/RARA) driver. The combined ATRA/arsenic regimen now cures virtually all patients with standard-risk APL. Although FLT3-internal tandem duplication (ITD) was an adverse risk factor for historical ATRA/chemotherapy regimens, the molecular bases for this effect remain unknown. Using mouse APL models, we unexpectedly demonstrate that FLT3-ITD severely blunts ATRA response. Remarkably, although the transcriptional output of initial ATRA response is unaffected, ATRA-induced PML/RARA degradation is blunted, as is PML nuclear body reformation and activation of P53 signaling. Critically, the combination of ATRA and arsenic fully rescues therapeutic response in FLT3-ITD APLs, restoring PML/RARA degradation, PML nuclear body reformation, P53 activation, and APL eradication. Moreover, arsenic targeting of normal PML also contributes to APL response in vivo. These unexpected results explain the less favorable outcome of FLT3-ITD APLs with ATRA-based regimens, and stress the key role of PML nuclear bodies in APL eradication by the ATRA/arsenic combination.

scholarly journals The Promyelocytic Leukemia Gene Product (PML) Forms Stable Complexes with the Retinoblastoma Protein

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1084-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam Alcalay ◽  
Lucia Tomassoni ◽  
Emanuela Colombo ◽  
Stephan Stoldt ◽  
Francesco Grignani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Nuclear Protein ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptor ◽  
Retinoblastoma Protein ◽  
Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Nuclear Bodies ◽  
Oncogenic Potential ◽  
Nuclear Structures ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptor Α

ABSTRACT PML is a nuclear protein with growth-suppressive properties originally identified in the context of the PML-retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) fusion protein of acute promyelocytic leukemia. PML localizes within distinct nuclear structures, called nuclear bodies, which are disrupted by the expression of PML-RARα. We report that PML colocalizes with the nonphosphorylated fraction of the retinoblastoma protein (pRB) within nuclear bodies and that pRB is delocalized by PML-RARα expression. Both PML and PML-RARα form complexes with the nonphosphorylated form of pRB in vivo, and they interact with the pocket region of pRB. The regions of PML and PML-RARα involved in pRB binding differ; in fact, the B boxes and the C-terminal region of PML, the latter of which is not present in PML-RARα, are essential for the formation of stable complexes with pRB. Functionally, PML abolishes activation of glucocorticoid receptor-regulated transcription by pRB, whereas PML-RARα further increases it. Our results suggest that PML may be part of transcription-regulatory complexes and that the oncogenic potential of the PML-RARα protein may derive from the alteration of PML-regulated transcription.

scholarly journals Uncovering the SUMOylation and ubiquitylation crosstalk in human cells using sequential peptide immunopurification

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Lamoliatte ◽  
Francis P. McManus ◽  
Ghizlane Maarifi ◽  
Mounira K. Chelbi-Alix ◽  
Pierre Thibault
Keyword(s):  
Proteasome Inhibitor ◽  
Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Nuclear Bodies ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Proteasome Inhibitor Mg132 ◽  
Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein ◽  
Pml Nuclear Bodies ◽  
Immunoaffinity Purification ◽  
Proteasome Subunits ◽  
Control Protein

Abstract Crosstalk between the SUMO and ubiquitin pathways has recently been reported. However, no approach currently exists to determine the interrelationship between these modifications. Here, we report an optimized immunoaffinity method that permits the study of both protein ubiquitylation and SUMOylation from a single sample. This method enables the unprecedented identification of 10,388 SUMO sites in HEK293 cells. The sequential use of SUMO and ubiquitin remnant immunoaffinity purification facilitates the dynamic profiling of SUMOylated and ubiquitylated proteins in HEK293 cells treated with the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Quantitative proteomic analyses reveals crosstalk between substrates that control protein degradation, and highlights co-regulation of SUMOylation and ubiquitylation levels on deubiquitinase enzymes and the SUMOylation of proteasome subunits. The SUMOylation of the proteasome affects its recruitment to promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) nuclear bodies, and PML lacking the SUMO interacting motif fails to colocalize with SUMOylated proteasome further demonstrating that this motif is required for PML catabolism.

scholarly journals PIC-1/SUMO-1-Modified PML-Retinoic Acid Receptor α Mediates Arsenic Trioxide-Induced Apoptosis in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 5170-5178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Sternsdorf ◽  
Elena Puccetti ◽  
Kirsten Jensen ◽  
Dieter Hoelzer ◽  
Hans Will ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Arsenic Trioxide ◽  
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptor ◽  
Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Nuclear Bodies ◽  
Acid Receptor ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptor Α ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

ABSTRACT Fusion proteins involving the retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) and PML or PLZF nuclear protein are the genetic markers of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). APLs with PML-RARα or PLZF-RARα fusion protein differ only in their response to retinoic acid (RA) treatment: the t(15;17) (PML-RARα-positive) APL blasts are sensitive to RA in vitro, and patients enter disease remission after RA treatment, while those with t(11;17) (PLZF-RARα-positive) APLs do not. Recently it has been shown that complete remission can be achieved upon treatment with arsenic trioxide (As2O3) in PML-RARα-positive APL, even when the patient has relapsed and the disease is RA resistant. This appears to be due to apoptosis induced by As2O3 in the APL blasts by poorly defined mechanisms. Here we report that (i) As2O3induces apoptosis only in cells expressing the PML-RARα, not the PLZF-RARα, fusion protein; (ii) PML-RARα is partially modified by covalent linkage with a PIC-1/SUMO-1-like protein prior to As2O3 treatment, whereas PLZF-RARα is not; (iii) As2O3 treatment induces a change in the modification pattern of PML-RARα toward highly modified forms; (iv) redistribution of PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) upon As2O3 treatment is accompanied by recruitment of PIC-1/SUMO-1 into PML-NBs, probably due to hypermodification of both PML and PML-RARα; (v) As2O3-induced apoptosis is independent of the DNA binding activity located in the RARα portion of the PML-RARα fusion protein; and (vi) the apoptotic process is bcl-2 and caspase 3 independent and is blocked only partially by a global caspase inhibitor. Taken together, these data provide novel insights into the mechanisms involved in As2O3-induced apoptosis in APL and predict that treatment of t(11;17) (PLZF-RARα-positive) APLs with As2O3 will not be successful.

scholarly journals Adenovirus E1B 55-Kilodalton Protein Is a p53-SUMO1 E3 Ligase That Represses p53 and Stimulates Its Nuclear Export through Interactions with Promyelocytic Leukemia Nuclear Bodies

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (23) ◽  
pp. 12210-12225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario A. Pennella ◽  
Yue Liu ◽  
Jennifer L. Woo ◽  
Chongwoo A. Kim ◽  
Arnold J. Berk
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Export ◽  
P53 Mutation ◽  
Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Nuclear Bodies ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Sumoylation Site ◽  
Pml Nuclear Bodies ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

ABSTRACT Oncogenic transformation by adenovirus E1A and E1B-55K requires E1B-55K inhibition of p53 activity to prevent E1A-induced apoptosis. During viral infection, E1B-55K and E4orf6 substitute for the substrate-binding subunits of the host cell cullin 5 class of ubiquitin ligases, resulting in p53 polyubiquitinylation and proteasomal degradation. Here we show that E1B-55K alone also functions as an E3 SUMO1-p53 ligase. Fluorescence microscopy studies showed that E1B-55K alone, in the absence of other viral proteins, causes p53 to colocalize with E1B-55K in promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies, nuclear domains with a high concentration of sumoylated proteins. Photobleaching experiments with live cells revealed that E1B-55K tethering of p53 in PML nuclear bodies decreases the in vivo nuclear mobility of p53 nearly 2 orders of magnitude. E1B-55K-induced p53 sumoylation contributes to maximal inhibition of p53 function since mutation of the major p53 sumoylation site decreases E1B-55K-induced p53 sumoylation, tethering in PML nuclear bodies, and E1B-55K inhibition of p53 activity. Mutation of the E1B-55K sumoylation site greatly inhibits E1B-55K association with PML nuclear bodies and the p53 nuclear export to cytoplasmic aggresomes observed in E1A-E1B-transformed cells. Purified E1B-55K and p53 form high-molecular-weight complexes potentially through the formation of a network of E1B-55K dimers bound to the N termini of p53 tetramers. In support of this model, a p53 mutation that prevents tetramer formation greatly reduces E1B-55K-induced tethering in PML nuclear bodies and p53 nuclear export. These data indicate that E1B-55K's association with PML nuclear bodies inactivates p53 by first sequestering it in PML nuclear bodies and then greatly facilitating its nuclear export.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document