scholarly journals Sea of Electrodes Array (SEA): Extremely Dense and High-Count Silicon-Based Electrode Array Technology for High-Resolution High-Bandwidth Interfacing with 3D Neural Structures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Sandoughsaz Zardini ◽  
Behnoush Rostami ◽  
Khalil Najafi ◽  
Vaughn L. Hetrick ◽  
Omar J. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
High Aspect Ratio ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
High Count ◽  
Array Technology ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Silicon Based ◽  
The Brain

AbstractIn this work, we propose a new silicon-based micro-fabrication technology to fabricate 3D high-density high-electrode-count neural micro-probe arrays scalable to thousands and even millions of individual electrodes with user-defined length, width, shape, and tip profile. This unique technology utilizes DRIE of ultra-high aspect-ratio holes in silicon and refilling them with multiple films to form thousands of individual needles with metal tips making up the “sea-of-electrodes” array (SEA). World-record density of 400 electrodes/mm2 in a 5184-needle array is achieved. The needles are ~0.5-1.2mm long, <20μm wide at the base, and <1μm at the tip. The silicon-based structure of these 3D array probes with sharp tips, makes them stiff enough and easily implantable in the brain to reach a targeted region without failing. Moreover, the high aspect ratio of these extremely fine needles reduces the tissue damage and improves the chronic stability. Functionality of the electrodes is investigated using acute in vivo recording in a rat barrel field cortex under isoflurane anesthesia.

scholarly journals Graphene-based carbon-layered electrode array technology for neural imaging and optogenetic applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Wook Park ◽  
Amelia A. Schendel ◽  
Solomon Mikael ◽  
Sarah K. Brodnick ◽  
Thomas J. Richner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Neural Imaging ◽  
Brain Surface ◽  
Array Technology ◽  
Micro Electrode Arrays ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Neural micro-electrode arrays that are transparent over a broad wavelength spectrum from ultraviolet to infrared could allow for simultaneous electrophysiology and optical imaging, as well as optogenetic modulation of the underlying brain tissue. The long-term biocompatibility and reliability of neural micro-electrodes also require their mechanical flexibility and compliance with soft tissues. Here we present a graphene-based, carbon-layered electrode array (CLEAR) device, which can be implanted on the brain surface in rodents for high-resolution neurophysiological recording. We characterize optical transparency of the device at >90% transmission over the ultraviolet to infrared spectrum and demonstrate its utility through optical interface experiments that use this broad spectrum transparency. These include optogenetic activation of focal cortical areas directly beneath electrodes, in vivo imaging of the cortical vasculature via fluorescence microscopy and 3D optical coherence tomography. This study demonstrates an array of interfacing abilities of the CLEAR device and its utility for neural applications.

scholarly journals Aptamer-functionalized neural recording electrodes for the direct measurement of cocaine in vivo

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (13) ◽  
pp. 2445-2458 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Mitch Taylor ◽  
Zhanhong Du ◽  
Emma T. Bigelow ◽  
James R. Eles ◽  
Anthony R. Horner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Detection ◽  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Neural Recording ◽  
Dna Aptamer ◽  
Silicon Based ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Recording Electrodes

First everin vivosensor for directly measuring cocaine concentration in the brainviaelectrochemical detection at DNA aptamer functionalized single shank, silicon-based neural recording probes.

High Aspect Ratio Hydroxyapatite Nanorods Formed by Polymer Assisted Synthesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 508 ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
A. Joseph Nathanael ◽  
R. Yuvakkumar ◽  
Tae Hwan Oh ◽  
Sun Ig Hong
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
High Aspect Ratio ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Controlled Synthesis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Size Controlled

High aspect ratio (length/width) of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanorods were prepared by polymer assisted hydrothermal synthesis. The aspect ratio of the nanorods was increased in the presence of polymer in hydrothermal method. Structural analysis was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to find the purity and the crystal structure of the material. Morphological analysis was carried out by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) to find the morphological variation in the presence of polymer concentration compared to pristine HA. The increased aspect ratio of the HA was visible from the morphological analysis. This shape and size controlled synthesis have an important impact in many field of research.

Polytrodes: High-Density Silicon Electrode Arrays for Large-Scale Multiunit Recording

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 2987-3000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Blanche ◽  
Martin A. Spacek ◽  
Jamille F. Hetke ◽  
Nicholas V. Swindale
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
High Density ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
Electrode Positioning ◽  
Multiunit Recording ◽  
Silicon Based

We developed a variety of 54-channel high-density silicon electrode arrays (polytrodes) designed to record from large numbers of neurons spanning millimeters of brain. In cat visual cortex, it was possible to make simultaneous recordings from >100 well-isolated neurons. Using standard clustering methods, polytrodes provide a quality of single-unit isolation that surpasses that attainable with tetrodes. Guidelines for successful in vivo recording and precise electrode positioning are described. We also describe a high-bandwidth continuous data-acquisition system designed specifically for polytrodes and an automated impedance meter for testing polytrode site integrity. Despite having smaller interconnect pitches than earlier silicon-based electrodes of this type, these polytrodes have negligible channel crosstalk, comparable reliability, and low site impedances and are capable of making high-fidelity multiunit recordings with minimal tissue damage. The relatively benign nature of planar electrode arrays is evident both histologically and in experiments where the polytrode was repeatedly advanced and retracted hundreds of microns over periods of many hours. It was possible to maintain stable recordings from active neurons adjacent to the polytrode without change in their absolute positions, neurophysiological or receptive field properties.

Fabrication of high-aspect-ratio electrode array by combining UV-LIGA with micro electro-discharge machining

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang-Yang Hu ◽  
D. Zhu ◽  
N. S. Qu ◽  
Y. B. Zeng ◽  
P. M. Ming
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
High Aspect Ratio ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Electro Discharge Machining

Effect of improved wettability of silicon-based materials with electrolyte for void free copper deposition in high aspect ratio through-vias

2008 ◽  
Vol 516 (16) ◽  
pp. 5194-5200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Dixit ◽  
Xiaofeng Chen ◽  
Jianmin Miao ◽  
Robert Preisser
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
High Aspect Ratio ◽  
Copper Deposition ◽  
Silicon Based
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