scholarly journals Wavelength-dependent effects of artificial light at night on phytoplankton growth and community structure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Diamantopoulou ◽  
Eleni Christoforou ◽  
Davide M. Dominoni ◽  
Eirini Kaiserli ◽  
Jakub Czyzewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Primary Producers ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
Dark Control ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
The Impact

AbstractArtificial light at night (ALAN) is increasingly recognised as a disruptive form of environmental pollution, impacting many physiological and behavioural processes that may scale up to population and community-level effects. Mounting evidence from animal studies show that the severity and type of the impact depends on the wavelength and intensity of ALAN. This knowledge has been instrumental for informing policy-making and planning for wildlife-friendly illumination. However, most of this evidence comes from terrestrial habitats, while research testing alternative wavelength illumination in marine environments is lagging behind. In this study we investigated the effect of such alternative ALAN colours on marine primary producers. Specifically, we tested the effect of green, red, and natural white LED illumination at night, compared to a dark control, on the growth of a green microalgae as well as the biomass, diversity and composition of a phytoplankton assemblage. Our findings show that green ALAN boosted chlorophyll production at the exponential growth stage, resulting in higher biomass production in the green algae Tetraselmis suesica. All ALAN wavelengths affected the biomass and diversity of the assemblage with the red and green ALAN having the stronger effects, leading to higher overall abundance and selective dominance of specific diatom species compared to white ALAN and the dark control.SynthesisOur work indicates that the wavelength of artificial light sources in marine areas should be carefully considered in management and conservation plans. In particular, green and red light should be used with caution in coastal areas, where there might be a need to strike a balance between the strong effects of green and red light on marine primary producers with the benefit they bring to other organisms.

scholarly journals Wavelength-dependent effects of artificial light at night on phytoplankton growth and community structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1953) ◽  
pp. 20210525
Author(s):  
Christina Diamantopoulou ◽  
Eleni Christoforou ◽  
Davide M. Dominoni ◽  
Eirini Kaiserli ◽  
Jakub Czyzewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
White Led ◽  
Primary Producers ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
Chlorophyll Production

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a disruptive form of pollution, impacting physiological and behavioural processes that may scale up to population and community levels. Evidence from terrestrial habitats show that the severity and type of impact depend on the wavelength and intensity of ALAN; however, research on marine organisms is still limited. Here, we experimentally investigated the effect of different ALAN colours on marine primary producers. We tested the effect of green (525 nm), red (624 nm) and broad-spectrum white LED ALAN, compared to a dark control, on the green microalgae Tetraselmis suesica and a diatom assemblage. We show that green ALAN boosted chlorophyll production and abundance in T. suesica . All ALAN wavelengths affected assemblage biomass and diversity, with red and green ALAN having the strongest effects, leading to higher overall abundance and selective dominance of specific diatom species, some known to cause harmful algal blooms. Our findings show that green and red ALAN should be used with caution as alternative LED colours in coastal areas, where there might be a need to strike a balance between the effects of green and red light on marine primary producers with the benefit they appear to bring to other organisms.

scholarly journals Blue light attracts nocturnally migrating birds

The Condor ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuebing Zhao ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Xianli Che ◽  
Fasheng Zou
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Phototactic Response ◽  
Migrating Birds ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Light pollution is increasing and artificial light sources have great impacts on animals. For migrating birds, collisions caused by artificial light pollution are a significant source of mortality. Laboratory studies have demonstrated that birds have different visual sensitivities to different colors of light, but few field experiments have compared birds’ responses to light of different wavelengths. We used 3 monochromatic lights (red, green, and blue) and polychromatic yellow light to study the impact of wavelength on phototaxis at 2 gathering sites of nocturnally migrating birds in Southwest China. For both sites, short-wavelength blue light caused the strongest phototactic response. In contrast, birds were rarely attracted to long-wavelength red light. The attractive effect of blue light was greatest during nights with fog and headwinds. As rapid urbanization and industrialization cause an increase in artificial light, we suggest that switching to longer wavelength lights is a convenient and economically effective way to reduce bird collisions.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Research Investigating the Combined Ecological Impact of Anthropogenic Noise and Artificial Light at Night

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter Halfwerk ◽  
Paul Jerem
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Anthropogenic Noise ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
The Impact

Levels of anthropogenic noise and artificial light at night (ALAN) are rapidly rising on a global scale. Both sensory pollutants are well known to affect animal behavior and physiology, which can lead to substantial ecological impacts. Most studies on noise or light pollution to date have focused on single stressor impacts, studying both pollutants in isolation despite their high spatial and temporal co-occurrence. However, few studies have addressed their combined impact, known as multisensory pollution, with the specific aim to assess whether the interaction between noise and light pollution leads to predictable, additive effects, or less predictable, synergistic or antagonistic effects. We carried out a systematic review of research investigating multisensory pollution and found 28 studies that simultaneously assessed the impact of anthropogenic noise and ALAN on animal function (e.g., behavior, morphology or life-history), physiology (e.g., stress, oxidative, or immune status), or population demography (e.g., abundance or species richness). Only fifteen of these studies specifically tested for possible interactive effects when both sensory pollutants were combined. Four out of eight experimental studies revealed a significant interaction effect, in contrast to only three out seven observational studies. We discuss the benefits and limitations of experimental vs. observational studies addressing multisensory pollution and call for more specific testing of the diverse ways in which noise and light pollution can interact to affect wildlife.

Does artificial light at night change the impact of silver nanoparticles on microbial decomposers and leaf litter decomposition in streams?

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1728-1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaozhong Pu ◽  
Danjuan Zeng ◽  
Ling Mo ◽  
Wen He ◽  
Longwu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Leaf Litter Decomposition ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

The negative effect of AgNP on leaf litter decomposition was alleviated by artificial light at night (ALAN).

scholarly journals Using novel methodologies to examine the impact of artificial light at night on the cortisol stress response in dispersing Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.) fry

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. cov051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhian C. Newman ◽  
Tim Ellis ◽  
Phil I. Davison ◽  
Mark J. Ives ◽  
Rob J. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The impact of streetlights on an aquatic invasive species: Artificial light at night alters signal crayfish behaviour

2016 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Rhidian Thomas ◽  
Joanna James ◽  
Rhian Claire Newman ◽  
William D. Riley ◽  
Siân W. Griffiths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Aquatic Invasive Species ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
Signal Crayfish ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Effect of artificial light at night on sleep and metabolism in weaver birds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANUPAMA YADAV ◽  
RAJ KUMAR ◽  
JYOTI TIWARI ◽  
VAIBHAV VAISH ◽  
SHALIE MALIK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Acute Exposure ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Behavioral Alterations ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Acute And Chronic Exposure ◽  
The Impact

Artificial light at night is constantly minimizing the span of dark nights' from the natural light-dark cycle of earth. Over the past century, the 'lightscape' of earth has completely changed owing to technological advancements which subsequently changed the lifestyle of human as well as nearby animal species. This motivated the present study, wherein we investigated the impact of light light at night (LAN) on behavior and physiology of a diurnal passerine finch,baya weaver (Ploceus philippinus). A group of bird (N=10) exposed to 12L:12D photoperiod was initially subjected to dark nights (0 lux) for a period of 10 days followed by 5 lux; night light for a span of 4 weeks. First week in LAN served as acute treatment with respect to fourth week (chronic). Acute exposure had more pronounced impact on the behavioral and physiological observations when compared with chronic treatment. The results reveal significant increase in nighttime activity, sleep loss, significant inclusion of drowsiness behavior during the day in response to LAN. Besides these behavioral alterations, changes in physiological parameters such as; reduction in body mass, loss of gradient between pre and post-prandial blood glucose levels, elevation in plasma corticosterone levels were more prominent during acute exposure of LAN. Plasma metabolites such as triglycerides, total protein, SGOT and creatinine concentrations also hiked in response to LAN treatment. Thus, the study broadly enumerates the impact of acute and chronic exposure of LAN on behavior and physiology of birds.

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