scholarly journals Genetic characteristics of Apodemus speciosus at Akiyoshidai Quasi-National Park in Yamaguchi Prefecture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Imai ◽  
Hiroshi Tanaka ◽  
Taiki Matsuo ◽  
Seto Miho ◽  
Sumito Matsuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Small Rodent ◽  
Apodemus Speciosus ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Model Animal ◽  
Western Japan ◽  
Eastern Japan ◽  
Type Chromosome

The large Japanese field mouse (Apodemus speciosus) is a small rodent endemic to Japan. The mice have a genetic characteristic in which the number of chromosomes differs between those from western Japan and those from eastern Japan. A. spesiosus, found throughout Japan, is used as a model animal for geogenetics and monitoring of radiation effects of wildlife. In this present study, to elucidate the genetic characteristics of the mice Akiyoshidai Quasi-National Park in Yamaguchi Prefecture, we investigated mitochondrial DNA and chromosome numbers. As a result, A. speciosus from Yamaguchi Prefecture were classified into the Honshu-Shikoku-Kyushu group and had a western Japan-type chromosome set of 2n=46; however, some Yamaguchi Prefecture mice formed a genetic cluster in Yamaguchi Prefecture, suggesting that continuous monitoring is needed to reveal the dynamics of genetic diversity.

scholarly journals Histological analysis of implantation embryos in large Japanese field mouse (Apodemus speciosus) and estimation of developmental stage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Imai ◽  
Kiyoshi Kano ◽  
Ken Takeshi Kusakabe
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Primitive Streak ◽  
Small Rodent ◽  
Field Mouse ◽  
Histochemical Analysis ◽  
Apodemus Speciosus ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Field Mice

AbstractThe large Japanese field mice (Apodemus speciosus) are small rodent specie endemic to Japan. The genetic characteristics of A. speciosus is different chromosome numbers within one species. Furthermore, A. speciosus is used for research in radiation and genetics. In this present study, a pregnant A. speciosus was obtained, and histochemical analysis of the implanted embryos was performed and compared with developmental stages of the mouse. Although there were some differences, the structures of the implanted embryos including the primitive streak and placenta of A. speciosus were similar to that of the mouse. Our study will be important report in the construction of a developmental atlas of A. speciosus.

Evolution of Sex Chromosome Heteromorphy in Geographic Populations of the Japanese Tago’s Brown Frog Complex

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Chiao Kuwana ◽  
Hiroyuki Fujita ◽  
Masataka Tagami ◽  
Takanori Matsuo ◽  
Ikuo Miura
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Chromosome 7 ◽  
Geographic Population ◽  
Geographic Populations ◽  
Western Japan ◽  
Brown Frog ◽  
Eastern Japan

The sex chromosomes of most anuran amphibians are characterized by homomorphy in both sexes, and evolution to heteromorphy rarely occurs at the species or geographic population level. Here, we report sex chromosome heteromorphy in geographic populations of the Japanese Tago’s brown frog complex (2n = 26), comprising Rana sakuraii and R. tagoi. The sex chromosomes of R. sakuraii from the populations in western Japan were homomorphic in both sexes, whereas chromosome 7 from the populations in eastern Japan were heteromorphic in males. Chromosome 7 of R. tagoi, which is distributed close to R. sakuraii in eastern Japan, was highly similar in morphology to the Y chromosome of R. sakuraii. Based on this and on mitochondrial gene sequence analysis, we hypothesize that in the R. sakuraii populations from eastern Japan the XY heteromorphic sex chromosome system was established by the introduction of chromosome 7 from R. tagoi via interspecies hybridization. In contrast, chromosome 13 of R. tagoi from the 2 large islands in western Japan, Shikoku and Kyushu, showed a heteromorphic pattern of constitutive heterochromatin distribution in males, while this pattern was homomorphic in females. Our study reveals that sex chromosome heteromorphy evolved independently at the geographic lineage level in this species complex.

scholarly journals Population status and distribution of Hinde’s Babbler (Turdoides hindei) in Meru national park and Ngaya Forest Reserve areas of Meru county, Kenya

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Fredrick Onyancha ◽  
George Eshiamwata ◽  
Henry Karanja ◽  
Peter Njoroge
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Vegetation Phenology ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Significant Statistical Difference

Hinde’s Babbler which is listed as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List with isolated populations confined to some parts of central and eastern Kenya. A survey was conducted between June and December, 2015 to assess and compare population status of Hinde’s Babbler across a gradient of levels of protection. Data was collected at intervals of 100m along predetermined cumulative 19 km transects where playback of Hinde’s Babbler was used to elicit response of individual groups. At each point of detection, total number of adults, offsprings and vegetation phenology was recorded. The entire habitat population was 540 individuals (dry season; Ngaya FR-255, Meru NP-137 and Agricultural landscape- 148), 411 individuals (wet season; Ngaya FR-168, Meru NP-185 and Agricultural landscape- 58) though there was no significant statistical difference between the seasonal datasets. There was significance difference between adults and juveniles in both seasons (Mann Whitney, Dry P= 0.0001 and wet season, P = 0.0002). These results imply that the three sites are vital for the survival, conservation and management of this threatened species and hence continuous monitoring of protected and unprotected sites is necessary for conservation of threatened avian species like Hinde’s Babbler.

On the Baiu frontal-scale rainfall characteristics and atmospheric conditions in the extremely heavy rainfall event around western Japan during 5-7 July 2018 with attention to the synoptic climatological viewpoint

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuranoshin Kato ◽  
Kengo Matsumoto ◽  
Takato Yamatogi ◽  
Chihiro Miyake
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rainfall Amount ◽  
Heavy Rainfall Event ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Central Japan ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Western Japan ◽  
Eastern Japan

<p>   In East Asia, a significant subtropical front called the Baiu/Meiyu front appears just before midsummer and brings the huge rainfall there, greatly influenced by the Asian summer monsoon. However, large-scale atmospheric features and rainfall characteristics (such as convective or stratiform rain) as well as the total rainfall amount around the front show rather great differences between the western and eastern portions. For example, in the western part of the Japan Islands (especially around Kyushu District, the most western part) and the Changjiang River Basin in Central China, the more frequent appearance of the heavy rainfall events due to the organized deep convective clouds than in the eastern Japan results in the larger climatological precipitation amount there. This is greatly related to the larger moisture transport toward the western part of the Baiu front than toward the eastern part. On the other hand, the rainfall characteristics around the front in the eastern Japan tend to be largely influenced by the cool Okhotsk air mass with rather stable stratification. Furthermore, their year-to-year, intraseasonal and short-period variations including the diversity of the “heavy rainfall types” are also very large.</p><p>The extreme events in association with the Baiu/Meiyu activity are greatly reflected by the above variability of the frontal activity. Inversely, it would be also important viewpoint that detailed examination of some extreme events could lead to the better understanding of the “dynamic climatological features” of the Baiu/Meiyu system itself.</p><p>In such concept, the present study will examine the frontal-scale rainfall features and the atmospheric conditions for the extremely heavy rainfall event around the Baiu front in western to central Japan during 5-7 July 2018. Although it is the common feature for the Baiu frontal rainfall heavy in western Japan that the frequent appearance of the meso-scale intense rain bands results in the huge total rainfall amount there, it is noted that the extremely large total rainfall area was distributed much more widely up to the central Japan with also considerable contribution of the long-persistent “not-so-intense rain” there, as often found in the heavy rainfall in the eastern Japan. Our analyses of the atmospheric fields suggest that this extreme event seems to be characterized by the strong mixture both of the large-scale factors for activating the “western Japan Baiu” and the “eastern Japan Baiu”.</p><p>As for the precipitation analyses, the 10-minute precipitation data at many meteorological stations in the Japan Islands area were used to discuss on the frontal-scale “rainfall characteristics” as well as the total rainfall amounts.</p>

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF COI GENE IN FEMALE SUMATRAN ELEPHANT (Elephas maximus sumatranus) IN ELEPHANT TRAINING CENTRE, WAY KAMBAS NATIONAL PARK

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Elsa Virnarenata ◽  
Elly Lestari Rustiati ◽  
Priyambodo Priyambodo ◽  
Eko Agus Srihanto ◽  
Dian Neli Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
National Park ◽  
Dna Isolation ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Individual Female ◽  
Way Kambas National Park

Sumatran elephant is a subspecies of endemic Asian elephants on the island of Sumatra and is included in the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) with critically endangered status. The building of the Elephant Training Centre (ETC) in Way Kambas National Park (WKNP) is one of the conservation efforts of Sumatran elephants. Small and closed population size lead to an increased risk of inbreeding that triggers reduction in genetic variation and viability and increases the risk of extinction. The phylogenetic pattern of Sumatran elephants in Indonesia has shown a low population genetic diversity. Genetic diversity information is indispensable to support the direction of decision making in Sumatran elephant conservation policy. The DNA isolation of Sumatran elephants in ETC, WKNP has performed as a first step to trace its genetic variation. The advanced step of DNA isolation is the use of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene for identification of genetic characteristics in Sumatran elephants. The COI gene is one of the genes on the mitochondrial genome and in molecular studies it is used as a genetic marker to study genetic characteristics between species and individuals. Identification and characterisation are done by sequencing process and data analysis in the form of electroforegram using Molecular Evolution Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 6.0. to see the genetic diversity of the female Sumatran elephant population in ETC, WKNP. Based on the results of the analysis it is indicated that the genetic distance of 24 individual female Sumatran elephant from PLG, TNWK is 0.000 with a homology value of 100%, strengthened by the construction of phylogenetic tree. The absence of genetic distance indicates a close genetic relationship, so it can be concluded all individual female Sumatran elephants in the PLG, TNWK is derived from one population group.

scholarly journals Ethnobotany of Cataia (Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus(Gomes) Landrum) at National Park of Superagui, Guaraqueçaba/PR/Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-100
Author(s):  
Amanda SR D’Angelis ◽  
◽  
Raquel RB Negrelle ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
National Park ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Organizational Capacity ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Group Interviews

Cataia is a Myrtaceae of great aromatic and medicinal potential. On the coast of Paraná there is a record of increasing commercial use of its leaves in the aromatization of brandy. In order to better understand the exploitation of cataia from a historical perspective, as well as elucidate the ecological knowledge of the inhabitants about the management, the results of an ethnobotanical investigation carried out in Barra do Ararapira are presented. Data collect has involved individual and group interviews and monitoring of all extractor’s activities. It was elucidated a sustainability potential, denoted at first instance by institutional support to confer legality to the activity and for their implementation, and the community organizational capacity. As regards to the ecological question, the low demand now existent was considerate a positiveaspect, but is highlight the importance of a continuous monitoring of possible damage. Regarding the value chain was evidenced the absence of intermediaries and the regular sale to traders of the region, featuring a favorable marketing component.

scholarly journals Population Density and Structure of Marula (Sclerocarya Birrea) in Gonarezhou National Park and Adjacent Areas, Southeast Zimbabwe

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. P172
Author(s):  
Shelly Satuku ◽  
Edson Gandiwa ◽  
Olga L. Kupika ◽  
Admire Chanyandura ◽  
Victor K. Muposhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
National Park ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Sclerocarya Birrea ◽  
Study Results ◽  
High Regeneration ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Use Categories

This study assessed the population density and structure of marula (Sclerocarya birrea) in the Gonarezhou National Park (GNP) and adjacent areas, southeast Zimbabwe. Data were collected from 15 belt transects using a stratified random sampling technique (with study sites located in the northwestern Gonarezhou National Park, adjacent communal and resettlement areas) in November 2014. The study results showed that marula tree and shrub densities were highest in the Gonarezhou National Park compared to the communal and resettlement areas. The diameter size class generally showed a reverse J shape in all the land use categories implying that there was a high regeneration and low recruitment into mature marula trees. Anthropogenic uses and herbivory may likely have influenced the density and population structure of marula in the study area. Thus, continuous monitoring and adaptive management is essential in ensuring that marula species is not locally extirpated in areas of high use or damage.

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