scholarly journals Juvenile emperor penguin range calls for extended conservation measures in the Southern Ocean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aymeric Houstin ◽  
Daniel P. Zitterbart ◽  
Karine Heerah ◽  
Olaf Eisen ◽  
Víctor Planas-Bielsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Emperor Penguin ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Dynamic Habitat ◽  
Conservation Plans

AbstractTo protect the unique Southern Ocean biodiversity, conservation measures like marine protected areas (MPAs) are implemented based on the known habitat distribution of ecologically important species. However, distribution models focus on adults, neglecting that immatures animals can inhabit vastly different areas. Here, we show that current conservation efforts in the Southern Ocean are insufficient for ensuring the protection of the highly mobile Emperor penguin. We find that juveniles spend ∼90% of their time outside the boundaries of proposed and existing MPAs, and that their distribution extends far beyond (> 1500 km) the species’ extent of occurrence as defined by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. We argue that strategic conservation plans for Emperor penguin and long-lived ecologically important species must consider the dynamic habitat range of all age classes.

Conservation in the Antarctic

1977 ◽  
Vol 279 (963) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
Voluntary Agreement ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Tristan Da Cunha ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Antarctic Seals ◽  
Antarctic Treaty ◽  
The Antarctic

Formidable legal and administrative complexities arise from conflicting claims to jurisdiction and the continued absence of generally recognized sovereignty over much of the region. Existing conservation measures fall into three groups: elaborate laws made by governments claiming Antarctic territories, more restricted laws, and simple instructions for particular expeditions. The Antarctic Treaty, 1959, made it possible to begin coordinating all these separate instruments. No claimed jurisdiction has been surrendered or recognized: each government has started to harmonize its own control measures with the ‘Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora’, 1964. This scheme applied only to land areas and has since been evolving in the light of experience. Although not yet formally approved by all the governments concerned, it is working effectively by voluntary agreement. Different approaches are necessary for conservation of Southern Ocean resources, especially krill. A start has been made with the ‘ Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals’, 1972. There are many outstanding problems: all require effective cooperation between scientific and legal advisers, diplomats and politicians. Mention is made of recent British conservation legislation for South Georgia, the Falkland Islands and the Tristan da Cunha group. Some of the next steps are outlined.

CCAMLR and its approaches to management of the krill fishery

Polar Record ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 27 (162) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Nicol
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Antarctic Krill ◽  
Euphausia Superba ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Antarctic Marine ◽  
Central Resource

AbstractThe Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic MarineLiving Resources has met annually since 1982, with the task of implementing the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources; the treaty which was designed to manage rationally the exploitation of resources in the Southern Ocean. The central resource of the region is Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana) and despite nine years of meetings the Commission has yet to adopt any conservation measures to protect krill. This article examines the published work of the Commission, seeking to determine how the Commission has dealt with the krill fishery and why it has not yet developed a krill management plan.

Bias in evaluating the effects of marine protected areas: the importance of baseline data for the Galapagos Marine Reserve

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.J. EDGAR ◽  
R.H. BUSTAMANTE ◽  
J.-M. FARIÑA ◽  
M. CALVOPIÑA ◽  
C. MARTÍNEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Reserve ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Fishery Resource ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Conservation Zones ◽  
Galapagos Marine Reserve

Analysis of ecological baseline data collected for key resource species within the Galapagos Marine Reserve indicates that variation in animal density associated with the location of fully protected zones can be comparable to protected area effects. Even with a high level of interspersion between conservation, tourism and fishing management zones, major differences in densities of economically important species were evident between zone types prior to enforcement of fishing restrictions. Densities of the most valuable fishery resource, sea cucumbers, were three times higher in zones that remained open to fishing compared to ‘no-take’ conservation zones, and densities of sharks were five times higher in tourism zones than fishing or conservation zones. These results highlight bias in the socio-political processes that can accompany selection of marine protected areas, where fishers attempt to minimize perceived impacts on their livelihood by locating large protected zones in resource-poor areas, and tourism operators and sport divers argue for protection of areas containing atypically-interesting features. Bias in the location of fully protected zones can seriously confound ‘control-impact’ field investigations when data prior to prohibitions on fishing are lacking, including meta-analyses, which are dominated by such potentially systematically biased studies.

scholarly journals Can we generate robust species distribution models at the scale of the Southern Ocean?

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salomé Fabri-Ruiz ◽  
Bruno Danis ◽  
Bruno David ◽  
Thomas Saucède
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Species Distribution Models ◽  
Distribution Models

scholarly journals Habitat use and abundance of goliath grouper Epinephelus itajara in Brazil: a participative survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius J. Giglio ◽  
Johnatas Adelir-Alves ◽  
Leopoldo C. Gerhardinger ◽  
Fabiano C. Grecco ◽  
Felippe A. Daros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Population Recovery ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Goliath Grouper ◽  
The Relationship

Developing survey strategies for threatened species is often limited by access to sufficient individuals to acquire information needed to design appropriate conservation measures. The goliath grouper (Epinephelus itajara) is a large reef fish, globally classified as critically endangered. In Brazil, fishing has been prohibited since 2002. Herein we investigated habitat use and abundance of E. itajara in Brazil drawn from a participative survey, which engaged volunteer divers in data-collection. A total of 188 reports were recorded between 2005 to 2011 throughout 13 Brazilian states. Our results revealed that habitat type influenced the relationship between total length and depth of occurrence of E. itajara. We observed a significant difference between habitats, artificial presented a nonlinear and natural an asymptotic relationship. This study underscores the importance of developing conservation measures addressing specific habitats and locations to enhance population recovery. Artificial structures (shipwrecks and manmade reefs) are critical habitats that must be considered as highly sensitive areas to E. itajara strategic conservation policies. We suggest the creation and implementation of marine protected areas, as key strategies for E. itajaraconservation, especially for artificial habitats and aggregation sites.

Area-based Management on the High Seas: Possible Application of the IMO’s Particularly Sensitive Sea Area Concept

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siân Prior ◽  
Aldo Chircop ◽  
Julian Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
The Core ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
State Practice ◽  
Integrated Conservation ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
High Seas

AbstractArea-based management is an important tool to improve integrated conservation of high seas biodiversity. While States clearly support the need to protect high seas biodiversity, some States remain reluctant to adopt internationally binding measures that may have an impact on high seas freedoms. Since there is limited experience to date with the application of area-based management tools on the high seas, this article examines the practical implications of establishing such measures through an analysis of the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) particularly sensitive sea area concept. After providing an overview of the legal complexities associated with the designation of high seas marine protected areas, this article introduces the PSSA concept and identifies the unique features that make it appropriate as a measure for protecting high seas biodiversity. The core of the analysis is an examination of State practice within the IMO in the context of the potential designation of a PSSA in the Southern Ocean.

scholarly journals The past, present and future distribution of a deep-sea shrimp in the Southern Ocean

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeenatul Basher ◽  
Mark J. Costello
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Antarctic Species ◽  
Last Glaciation ◽  
Shelf Slope ◽  
Present Distribution ◽  
Response To Environmental Change

Shrimps have a widespread distribution across the shelf, slope and seamount regions of the Southern Ocean. Studies of Antarctic organisms have shown that individual species and higher taxa display different degrees of sensitivity and adaptability in response to environmental change. We use species distribution models to predict changes in the geographic range of the deep-sea Antarctic shrimpNematocarcinus lanceopesunder changing climatic conditions from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present and to the year 2100. The present distribution range indicates a pole-ward shift of the shrimp population since the last glaciation. This occurred by colonization of slopes from nearby refugia located around the northern part of Scotia Arc, southern tip of South America, South Georgia, Bouvet Island, southern tip of the Campbell plateau and Kerguelen plateau. By 2100, the shrimp are likely to expand their distribution in east Antarctica but have a continued pole-ward contraction in west Antarctica. The range extension and contraction process followed by the deep-sea shrimp provide a geographic context of how other deep-sea Antarctic species may have survived during the last glaciation and may endure with projected changing climatic conditions in the future.

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