scholarly journals Consolidation of human skill linked to waking hippocampo-neocortical replay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan R Buch ◽  
Leonardo Claudino ◽  
Romain Quentin ◽  
Marlene Boenstrup ◽  
Leonardo G Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Human Skill ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Discrete Action ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Action Representations ◽  
Rest Intervals

The introduction of rest intervals interspersed with practice strengthens wakeful consolidation of skill. The mechanisms by which the brain binds discrete action representations into consolidated, highly temporally-resolved skill sequences during waking rest are not known. To address this question, we recorded magnetoencephalography (MEG) during acquisition and rapid consolidation of a sequential motor skill. We report the presence of highly prominent, fast waking neural replay during the same rest periods in which rapid consolidation occurs. The observed replay was temporally compressed by approximately 20x relative to the acquired skill, occurred in both forward and reverse directions, was selective for the trained sequence and predicted the magnitude of skill consolidation. Replay representations extended beyond the hippocampus and entrorhinal cortex to the contralateral sensorimotor cortex. These results document the presence of robust hippocampo-neocortical replay supporting rapid wakeful consolidation of skill.

Spinal and Supraspinal Effects of Long-Term Stimulation of Sensorimotor Cortex in Rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 878-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Yang Chen ◽  
Shreejith Pillai ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Lu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
H Reflex ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Activity Dependent ◽  
Spinal Cord Function ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Sensorimotor cortex (SMC) modifies spinal cord reflex function throughout life and is essential for operant conditioning of the H-reflex. To further explore this long-term SMC influence over spinal cord function and its possible clinical uses, we assessed the effect of long-term SMC stimulation on the soleus H-reflex. In freely moving rats, the soleus H-reflex was measured 24 h/day for 12 wk. The soleus background EMG and M response associated with H-reflex elicitation were kept stable throughout. SMC stimulation was delivered in a 20-day-on/20-day-off/20-day-on protocol in which a train of biphasic 1-ms pulses at 25 Hz for 1 s was delivered every 10 s for the on-days. The SMC stimulus was automatically adjusted to maintain a constant descending volley. H-reflex size gradually increased during the 20 on-days, stayed high during the 20 off-days, and rose further during the next 20 on-days. In addition, the SMC stimulus needed to maintain a stable descending volley rose steadily over days. It fell during the 20 off-days and rose again when stimulation resumed. These results suggest that SMC stimulation, like H-reflex operant conditioning, induces activity-dependent plasticity in both the brain and the spinal cord and that the plasticity responsible for the H-reflex increase persists longer after the end of SMC stimulation than that underlying the change in the SMC response to stimulation.

scholarly journals Sensorimotor cortex beta oscillations reflect motor skill learning ability after stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svenja Espenhahn ◽  
Holly E Rossiter ◽  
Bernadette C M van Wijk ◽  
Nell Redman ◽  
Jane M Rondina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Skill Learning ◽  
Motor Skill Learning ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Beta Oscillations ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Recovery of skilled movement after stroke is assumed to depend on motor learning. However, the capacity for motor learning and factors that influence motor learning after stroke have received little attention. In this study, we first compared motor skill acquisition and retention between well-recovered stroke patients and age- and performance-matched healthy controls. We then tested whether beta oscillations (15–30 Hz) from sensorimotor cortices contribute to predicting training-related motor performance. Eighteen well-recovered chronic stroke survivors (mean age 64 ± 8 years, range: 50–74 years) and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were trained on a continuous tracking task and subsequently retested after initial training (45–60 min and 24 h later). Scalp electroencephalography was recorded during the performance of a simple motor task before each training and retest session. Stroke patients demonstrated capacity for motor skill learning, but it was diminished compared to age- and performance-matched healthy controls. Furthermore, although the properties of beta oscillations prior to training were comparable between stroke patients and healthy controls, stroke patients did show less change in beta measures with motor learning. Lastly, although beta oscillations did not help to predict motor performance immediately after training, contralateral (ipsilesional) sensorimotor cortex post-movement beta rebound measured after training helped predict future motor performance, 24 h after training. This finding suggests that neurophysiological measures such as beta oscillations can help predict response to motor training in chronic stroke patients and may offer novel targets for therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals Modulation Dynamics in the Orofacial Sensorimotor Cortex during Motor Skill Acquisition

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (17) ◽  
pp. 5985-5997 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. I. Arce-McShane ◽  
N. G. Hatsopoulos ◽  
J.-C. Lee ◽  
C. F. Ross ◽  
B. J. Sessle
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Motor Skill Acquisition

Perspective-taking in blindness: electrophysiological evidence of altered action representations

2013 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Aureliano Imbiriba ◽  
Maitê Mello Russo ◽  
Laura Alice Santos de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Paula Fontana ◽  
Erika de Carvalho Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Middle Finger ◽  
Mental Simulation ◽  
Movement Imagery ◽  
Similar Motor ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Action Representations

It is well established that the mental simulation of actions involves visual and/or somatomotor representations of those imagined actions. To investigate whether the total absence of vision affects the brain activity associated with the retrieval of motor representations, we recorded the readiness potential (RP), a marker of motor preparation preceding the execution, as well as the motor imagery of the right middle-finger extension in the first-person (1P; imagining oneself performing the movement) and in the third-person (3P; imagining the experimenter performing the movement) modes in 19 sighted and 10 congenitally blind subjects. Our main result was found for the single RP slope values at the Cz channel (likely corresponding to the supplementary motor area). No difference in RP slope was found between 1P and 3P in the sighted group, suggesting that similar motor preparation networks are recruited to simulate our own and other people's actions in spite of explicit instructions to perform the task in 1P or 3P. Conversely, reduced RP slopes in 3P compared with 1P found in the blind group indicated that they might have used an alternative, nonmotor strategy to perform the task in 3P. Moreover, movement imagery ability, assessed both by means of mental chronometry and a modified version of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised, indicated that blind and sighted individuals had similar motor imagery performance. Taken together, these results suggest that complete visual loss early in life modifies the brain networks that associate with others' action representations.

scholarly journals Increasing motor skill acquisition by driving theta-gamma coupling

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haya Akkad ◽  
Joshua Dupont-Hadwen ◽  
Amba Frese ◽  
Irena Tetkovic ◽  
Liam Barrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Skill Learning ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Adaptive Process ◽  
Motor Skill Acquisition ◽  
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation ◽  
The Brain

AbstractSkill learning is a fundamental adaptive process, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Hippocampal learning is closely associated with gamma activity, which is amplitude-modulated by the phase of underlying theta activity. Whether such nested activity patterns also underpin skill acquisition in non-hippocampal tasks is unknown. Here we addressed this question by using transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) over sensorimotor cortex to modulate theta-gamma activity during motor skill acquisition, as an exemplar of a non-hippocampal-dependent task. We demonstrated, and then replicated, a significant improvement in skill acquisition with theta-gamma tACS, which outlasted the stimulation by an hour. Our results suggest that theta-gamma activity may be a common mechanism for learning across the brain and provides a putative novel intervention for optimising functional improvements in response to training or therapy.

scholarly journals Impact of Rest-Redistribution on Fatigue During Maximal Eccentric Knee Extensions

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-214
Author(s):  
Justin J. Merrigan ◽  
Margaret T. Jones ◽  
Jan Padecky ◽  
Jan Malecek ◽  
Dan Omcirk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Eccentric Actions ◽  
Rest Intervals

Abstract Redistributing long inter-set rest intervals into shorter but more frequent rest intervals generally maintains concentric performance, possibly due to improved energy store maintenance. However, eccentric actions require less energy than concentric actions, meaning that shorter but more frequent sets may not affect eccentric actions to the same degree as concentric actions. Considering the increased popularity of eccentric exercise, the current study evaluated the effects of redistributing long inter-set rest periods into shorter but more frequent rest periods during eccentric only knee extensions. Eleven resistance-trained men performed 40 isokinetic unilateral knee extensions at 60°·s−1 with 285 s of total rest using traditional sets (TS; 4 sets of 10 with 95 s inter-set rest) and rest-redistribution (RR; 20 sets of 2 with 15 s inter-set rest). Before and during exercise, muscle oxygenation was measured via near-infrared spectroscopy, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded after every 10th repetition. There were no differences between protocols for peak torque (RR, 241.58±47.20 N; TS, 231.64±48.87 N; p=0.396) or total work (RR, 215.26±41.47 J; TS, 209.71±36.02 J; p=0.601), but moderate to large effect sizes existed in later repetitions (6,8,10) with greater peak torque during RR (d=0.66-1.19). For the entire session, RR had moderate effects on RPE (RR, 5.73±1.42; TS, 6.09±1.30; p=0.307; d=0.53) and large effects on oxygen saturation (RR, 5857.4±310.0; TS, 6495.8±273.8; p=0.002, d=2.13). Therefore, RR may maintain peak torque or total work during eccentric exercise, improve oxygen utilization at the muscle, and reduce the perceived effort.

Perceiving actions before they happen: Psychological dimensions scaffold neural action prediction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Allen Thornton ◽  
Diana Tamir
Keyword(s):  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Deep Learning Algorithm ◽  
Neural Representations ◽  
Future Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychological Dimensions ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Proximity Principle ◽  
Action Representations ◽  
Current Behavior

The social world buzzes with action. People constantly walk, talk, eat, work, play, snooze, and so on. To interact with others successfully, we need to both recognize their current actions and predict their future actions. Here we used open fMRI data to test the hypothesis that people do both at the same time: when the brain perceives an action, it simultaneously encodes likely future actions. In the scanner, participants watched a naturalistic video. We automatically annotated the actions in that video using a deep learning algorithm, and then constructed a model which could decode participants’ action representations from multivoxel neural activity. Action representations here are defined as locations within a 6-dimensional action space identified by previous work. We hypothesized that within this space, actions are located close to other actions that they are likely to precede or follow. Using this proximity principle, we tested whether a participant’s representation of current actions predicted which actions actually occurred later in the video. Results indicated that neural representations correctly presaged actions later in the video, as-yet unseen by the participant. This finding suggests that the way the brain represents the others’ current behavior gives people an automatic glimpse into others’ future behavior.

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