scholarly journals Effects of Escitalopram and Relearning on Cortical and Subcortical Grey Matter in Healthy Humans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Vanicek ◽  
Murray Reed ◽  
Rene Seiger ◽  
Mathis Godbersen ◽  
Manfred Kloebl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
Dendritic Atrophy ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Ssri Treatment ◽  
Subcortical Volumes ◽  
Serotonergic Modulation

The antidepressant effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) is related to increased neuroplasticity during relearning. Stress-induced dendritic atrophy in key brain areas for learning and memory such as the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex is reversed by SSRI treatment. This finding is accompanied by behavioral stabilization. The aim of this study was to investigated serotonergic modulation effects on structural neuroplasticity (cortical thickness, subcortical volumes) during relearning in healthy subjects. Participants performed daily associative learning tasks over 3 weeks followed by a 3-week relearning phase combined with intake of the SSRI escitalopram or placebo. Evidence suggests that SSRIs promote the brains susceptibility to change on the basis of environment factors. We found no effect of SSRI on grey matter measures during relearning. Here, non-findings might be a consequence of the implemented intensity and duration of study interventions. With sparse literature on healthy participants in this field, future studies will have to further elucidate SSRIs properties on relearning and structural neuroplasticity.

scholarly journals Interruption of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment

2000 ◽  
Vol 176 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Michelson ◽  
Maurizio Fava ◽  
Jay Amsterdam ◽  
Jeffrey Apter ◽  
Peter Londborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Serotonin Reuptake ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Interruption ◽  
Selective Serotonin ◽  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Ssri Treatment ◽  
Inhibitor Treatment

BackgroundAbrupt interruption of therapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) has been associated with somatic and psychological symptoms.AimsSystematically to assess symptoms and effects on daily functioning related to interruption of SSRI therapy.MethodPatients treated with fluoxetine, setraline or paroxetine underwent identical five-day periods of treatment interruption and continued active treatment under double-blind, order-randomised conditions, with regular assessment of new symptoms.ResultsPlacebo substitution for paroxetine was associated with increases in the number and severity of adverse events following the second missed dose, and increases in functional impairment at five days. Placebo substitution for sertraline resulted in less pronounced changes, while interruption of fluoxetine was not associated with any significant increase in symptomatology.ConclusionsAbrupt interruption of SSRI treatment can result in a syndrome characterised by specific physical and psychological symptoms. Incidence, timing and severity of symptoms vary among SSRIs in a fashion that appears to be related to plasma elimination characteristics.

scholarly journals Evaluating Behavioral and Linguistic Changes During Drug Treatment for Depression Using Tweets in Spanish: Pairwise Comparison Study

10.2196/20920 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. e20920
Author(s):  
Angela Leis ◽  
Francesco Ronzano ◽  
Miguel Angel Mayer ◽  
Laura I Furlong ◽  
Ferran Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Period ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Brand Names ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Twitter Users ◽  
Ssri Treatment

Background Depressive disorders are the most common mental illnesses, and they constitute the leading cause of disability worldwide. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment of depressive disorders. Some people share information about their experiences with antidepressants on social media platforms such as Twitter. Analysis of the messages posted by Twitter users under SSRI treatment can yield useful information on how these antidepressants affect users’ behavior. Objective This study aims to compare the behavioral and linguistic characteristics of the tweets posted while users were likely to be under SSRI treatment, in comparison to the tweets posted by the same users when they were less likely to be taking this medication. Methods In the first step, the timelines of Twitter users mentioning SSRI antidepressants in their tweets were selected using a list of 128 generic and brand names of SSRIs. In the second step, two datasets of tweets were created, the in-treatment dataset (made up of the tweets posted throughout the 30 days after mentioning an SSRI) and the unknown-treatment dataset (made up of tweets posted more than 90 days before or more than 90 days after any tweet mentioning an SSRI). For each user, the changes in behavioral and linguistic features between the tweets classified in these two datasets were analyzed. 186 users and their timelines with 668,842 tweets were finally included in the study. Results The number of tweets generated per day by the users when they were in treatment was higher than it was when they were in the unknown-treatment period (P=.001). When the users were in treatment, the mean percentage of tweets posted during the daytime (from 8 AM to midnight) increased in comparison to the unknown-treatment period (P=.002). The number of characters and words per tweet was higher when the users were in treatment (P=.03 and P=.02, respectively). Regarding linguistic features, the percentage of pronouns that were first-person singular was higher when users were in treatment (P=.008). Conclusions Behavioral and linguistic changes have been detected when users with depression are taking antidepressant medication. These features can provide interesting insights for monitoring the evolution of this disease, as well as offering additional information related to treatment adherence. This information may be especially useful in patients who are receiving long-term treatments such as people suffering from depression.

Noradrenergic and serotonergic modulation to treat vasomotor symptoms

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Albertazzi
Keyword(s):  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Hot Flushes ◽  
Estrogen Replacement ◽  
Climacteric Symptoms ◽  
Limited Efficacy ◽  
Noradrenaline Reuptake ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Major Clinical Problem ◽  
Serotonergic Modulation

Hot flushes are a major clinical problem for many menopausal women. Their aetiology is unknown. Centrally acting neurotransmitters are involved, but this involvement is yet to be fully characterized. In clinical trials with optimal patient selection and compliance, estrogen can reduce the frequency of hot flushes by 70–80%, and placebo by 20–40%. For some women, however, there are contraindications to the use of estrogen, and others are unwilling to use it. Furthermore, hot flushes may persist in spite of adequate estrogen replacement, and to improve symptoms physicians then have either to add another drug to the regimen or find an alternative to estrogen. The most commonly used non-hormonal alternatives for climacteric symptoms are neurotransmitter modulators such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. These reduce the frequency of hot flushes by 60%. The mechanism of this effect appears to differ from that underlying their effect on mood. They are generally well tolerated and rates of adverse events are far lower than those reported in studies of the use of these agents for depression. The limited efficacy of clonidine suggests that adrenergic mechanisms may be involved and data are awaited for more specific selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors. Thus, non-hormonal treatments are not as effective as estrogens in relieving hot flushes but may have a place as an alternative.

Abstract WP196: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) for Depression and Functional Recovery After Stroke: A Meta-Analysis

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thirumalaivasan Dhasakeerthi ◽  
Muhammad Ishfaq ◽  
Balaji Krishnaiah ◽  
Andrei Alexandrov ◽  
Georgios Tsivgoulis
Keyword(s):  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Post Stroke Depression ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
And Function ◽  
Ssri Treatment

Background: Post-stroke depression is common and it impedes rehabilitation and function recovery after stroke, and numerous trials evaluated SSRI’s for depression prophylaxis. The objective of this study is to assess the use of SSRI for prevention of poststroke depression and the potential effect on functional recovery after stroke. Methods: We searched electronic databases up to July 2019 for randomized controlled trials of SSRI’s for patients with stroke versus placebo. We calculated pooled odds ratios and 95% CIs by using random-effects models. The primary end points were depression and good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of 0-2) at 90 days post-randomization. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results: Twelve randomized control trials assessing 4,887 patients have been included in the meta-analysis. SSRI treatment after stroke decreased the odds of depression compared to control group (OR = 0.48, 95% CI - 0.30 to 0.78, p=0.003). There was no heterogeneity between the trials (Cochran’s Q statistic 4.623, df 5; P = .337, I 2 =5.626%). The proportion of subjects who achieved mRS 0-2 at 90 days was similar between SSRI and control groups (OR= 3.471, 95% CI - 0.59 to 20.38, p=0.168). Conclusion: SSRI treatment for the stroke patients reduces the incidence of depression but it does not increase the odds of good functional recovery.

scholarly journals Importance of Proactive Treatment of Depression in Lewy Body Dementias: The Impact on Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Cognition in a Post-Mortem Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 283-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariana Gatt ◽  
Antigoni Ekonomou ◽  
Alyma Somani ◽  
Sandrine Thuret ◽  
David Howlett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Cholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Acetyl Cholinesterase ◽  
Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ssri Treatment

Objective: To examine the impact of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and depression on neurogenesis and cognition in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson disease dementia (PDD). Methods: Late-stage progenitor cells were quantified in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus of DLB/PDD patients (n = 41) and controls without dementia (n = 15) and compared between treatment groups (unmedicated, SSRIs, acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors [AChEIs], combined SSRIs and AChEIs). Results: DLB/PDD patients had more doublecortin-positive cells in the SGZ compared to controls. The doublecortin-positive cell count was higher in the SGZ of patients treated with SSRIs and correlated to higher cognitive scores. Conclusion: SSRI treatment was associated with increased hippocampal neurogenesis and preservation of cognition in DLB/PDD patients.

scholarly journals Evidence of Sharing ofKlebsiella pneumoniaeStrains between Healthy Companion Animals and Cohabiting Humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cátia Marques ◽  
Adriana Belas ◽  
Catarina Aboim ◽  
Patrícia Cavaco-Silva ◽  
Graça Trigueiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Healthy Participants

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to characterize the fecal colonization and sharing ofKlebsiella pneumoniaestrains between companion animals and humans living in close contact. Fecal samples were collected from 50 healthy participants (24 humans, 18 dogs, and 8 cats) belonging to 18 households. Samples were plated onto MacConkey agar (MCK) plates with and without cefotaxime or meropenem supplementation. Up to fiveK. pneumoniaecolonies per participant were compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) after XbaI restriction.K. pneumoniaestrains with unique pulse types from each participant were characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence genes, and multilocus sequence type (MLST). FecalK. pneumoniaepulse types were compared to those of clinicalK. pneumoniaestrains from animal and human patients with urinary tract infections (n = 104).K. pneumoniaecolonization was detected in nonsupplemented MCK in around 38% of dogs (n = 7) and humans (n = 9).K. pneumoniaestrains isolated from dogs belonged to sequence type 17 (ST17), ST188, ST252, ST281, ST423, ST1093, ST1241, ST3398, and ST3399. None of theK. pneumoniaestrains were multidrug resistant or hypervirulent. Two households included multiple colonized participants. Notably, two colonized dogs within household 15 (H15) shared a strain each (ST252 and ST1241) with one coliving human. One dog from H16 shared one PFGE-undistinguishableK. pneumoniaeST17 strain with two humans from different households; however, the antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes of these three strains differed. Two main virulence genotypes were detected, namelyfimH-1 mrkD ycfM entB kfuandfimH-1 mrkD ycfM entB kpn. These results highlight the potential role of dogs as a reservoir ofK. pneumoniaeto humans and vice versa. Furthermore, to our best knowledge, this is the first report of healthy humans and dogs sharingK. pneumoniaestrains that were undistinguishable by PFGE/MLST.

scholarly journals Serotonergic modulation of glutamate neurotransmission as a strategy for treating depression and cognitive dysfunction

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan L. Pehrson ◽  
Connie Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Nonspecific Effects ◽  
Glutamate Transmission ◽  
Glutamate Neurotransmission ◽  
And Function ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Serotonergic Modulation

Monoamine-based treatments for depression have evolved greatly over the past several years, but shortcomings such as suboptimal efficacy, treatment lag, and residual cognitive dysfunction are still significant. Preclinical and clinical studies using compounds directly targeting glutamatergic neurotransmission present new opportunities for antidepressant treatment, with ketamine having a surprisingly rapid and sustained antidepressant effect that is presumably mediated through glutamate-dependent mechanisms. While direct modulation of glutamate transmission for antidepressant and cognition-enhancing actions may be hampered by nonspecific effects, indirect modulation through the serotonin (5-HT) system may be a viable alternative approach. Based on localization and function, 5-HT can modulate glutamate neurotransmission at least through the 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT3, and 5-HT7 receptors, which presents a rational pharmacological opportunity for modulating glutamatergic transmission without the direct use of glutamatergic compounds. Combining one or more of these glutamate-modulating 5-HT targets with 5-HT transporter inhibition may offer new therapeutic opportunities. The multimodal compounds vortioxetine and vilazodone are examples of this approach with diverse mechanisms, and their different clinical effects will provide valuable insights into serotonergic modulation of glutamate transmission for the potential treatment of depression and associated cognitive dysfunction.

scholarly journals Effect of a single dose of escitalopram on serotonin concentration in the non-human and human primate brain

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1577-1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Nord ◽  
Sjoerd J. Finnema ◽  
Christer Halldin ◽  
Lars Farde
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Binding Potential ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Serotonin Concentration ◽  
Post Dose

AbstractSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely prescribed for treatment of psychiatric disorders. The exact mechanism underlying the clinical effects of SSRIs remains unclear, although increased synaptic serotonin concentrations have been hypothesized to be an initial step. [11C]AZ10419369 is a novel 5-HT1B receptor selective radioligand, which is sensitive to changes in endogenous serotonin concentrations. To assess whether a single dose of the SSRI escitalopram affects endogenous serotonin concentrations in serotonergic projection areas and in the raphe nuclei (RN), three cynomolgus monkeys and nine human subjects underwent PET examinations with [11C]AZ10419369 at baseline conditions and after escitalopram administration. In monkeys, the binding potential (BPND) was significantly lower post dose compared to baseline in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, occipital cortex, thalamus, midbrain and RN (p < 0.05). In humans, the BPND tended to decrease in RN post dose (p = 0.08). In all serotonergic projection areas, the BPND was conversely higher post dose compared to baseline. The increase was significant in a combined region of all projection areas (p = 0.01) and in occipital and temporal cortex (p < 0.05). SSRIs are generally assumed to elevate endogenous serotonin concentrations in projection areas, evoking the antidepressant effect. In the present study, a single, clinically relevant, dose of escitalopram was found to decrease serotonin concentrations in serotonergic projection areas in humans. Hypothetically, desensitization of inhibitory serotonergic autoreceptors will cause the serotonin concentration in projection areas to increase over time with chronic administration. Thus, the findings in the present study might aid in understanding the mechanism of SSRIs' delayed onset of clinical effect.

scholarly journals Evaluating Behavioral and Linguistic Changes During Drug Treatment for Depression Using Tweets in Spanish: Pairwise Comparison Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Leis ◽  
Francesco Ronzano ◽  
Miguel Angel Mayer ◽  
Laura I Furlong ◽  
Ferran Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Brand Names ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Twitter Users ◽  
Ssri Treatment

BACKGROUND Depressive disorders are the most common mental illnesses, and they constitute the leading cause of disability worldwide. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment of depressive disorders. Some people share information about their experiences with antidepressants on social media platforms such as Twitter. Analysis of the messages posted by Twitter users under SSRI treatment can yield useful information on how these antidepressants affect users’ behavior. OBJECTIVE This study aims to compare the behavioral and linguistic characteristics of the tweets posted while users were likely to be under SSRI treatment, in comparison to the tweets posted by the same users when they were less likely to be taking this medication. METHODS In the first step, the timelines of Twitter users mentioning SSRI antidepressants in their tweets were selected using a list of 128 generic and brand names of SSRIs. In the second step, two datasets of tweets were created, the <i>in-treatment</i> dataset (made up of the tweets posted throughout the 30 days after mentioning an SSRI) and the <i>unknown-treatment</i> dataset (made up of tweets posted more than 90 days before or more than 90 days after any tweet mentioning an SSRI). For each user, the changes in behavioral and linguistic features between the tweets classified in these two datasets were analyzed. 186 users and their timelines with 668,842 tweets were finally included in the study. RESULTS The number of tweets generated per day by the users when they were in treatment was higher than it was when they were in the <i>unknown-treatment</i> period (<i>P=</i>.001). When the users were in treatment, the mean percentage of tweets posted during the daytime (from 8 AM to midnight) increased in comparison to the <i>unknown-treatment</i> period (<i>P</i>=.002). The number of characters and words per tweet was higher when the users were in treatment (<i>P=</i>.03 and <i>P</i>=.02, respectively). Regarding linguistic features, the percentage of pronouns that were first-person singular was higher when users were in treatment (<i>P=</i>.008). CONCLUSIONS Behavioral and linguistic changes have been detected when users with depression are taking antidepressant medication. These features can provide interesting insights for monitoring the evolution of this disease, as well as offering additional information related to treatment adherence. This information may be especially useful in patients who are receiving long-term treatments such as people suffering from depression.

scholarly journals Juvenile depression treatment with antidepressants from the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors group

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-623
Author(s):  
Ramil F Suleymanov ◽  
Roman V Gorenkov ◽  
Natalya P Chernus ◽  
Sergey A Orlov ◽  
Irina F Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Serotonin Reuptake ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Selective Serotonin ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Depression Treatment ◽  
Juvenile Depression

Objective. The article presents the juvenile depression treatment effectiveness with antidepressants of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors group (SSRIs). Materials and methods.182 patients were examined, including 114 men (62.6%) and 68 women (37.4%), age range 16 to 25 years, on treatment in a psycho-neurological dispensary in the city of Korolev (Russia, Moscow region) from 2014 to 2018. Results and Discussion.Main characteristics comparison of SSRIs antidepressants therapeutic effect in young men and adults of mature age revealed statistically significant age differences concerning the onset rate and these drugs antidepressant effect characteristics, as well as the adverse events nature. Conclusion. The SSRIs antidepressants clinical action regularities for depression treatment in adolescence, their therapeutic effect features and dynamics allow us to state adequate indications for the these drugs administration in adolescence, considering their age specificity. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.615-623

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