scholarly journals Phylogeography of infectious disease: genetic diversity and connectivity of the Ostreid herpesvirus 1 population in France

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Delmotte ◽  
Camille Pelletier ◽  
Benjamin Morga ◽  
Richard Galinier ◽  
Bruno Petton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Molecular Ecology ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Oyster Farms ◽  
Ostreid Herpesvirus 1

The genetic diversity of viral populations is a key to understanding ther phylogeographic and dissemination history of viruses, but studying the diversity of whole genomes from natural populations remains a challenge. Molecular ecology approaches are commonly used for RNA viruses harboring small genomes, but have only rarely been applied to DNA viruses with large genomes. Here, we used the Pacific oyster mortality syndrome (POMS, a disease that affects oyster farms around the world) as a model to study the genetic diversity of its causative agent, the Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) in the three main French oyster-farming areas. Using ultra-deep sequencing on individual moribund oysters and new bioinformatics methodology, we de novo assembled 21 OsHV-1 genomes. Combining whole-genome comparisons with phylogenetic analysis and quantification of major and minor variants, we assessed the connectivity of OsHV-1 viral populations between the three oyster-farming areas. Our results suggest that the Marennes-Oleron Bay represents the main source of OsHV-1 diversity, from where the virus has dispersed to other farming areas, a scenario consistent with current practices of oyster transfers in France. Here, we demonstrate that molecular ecology approaches can be applied to large-genome viruses to determine the extent of their genetic diversity and better understand the spread of viral populations in natural environments.

The role of the mussel Mytilus spp. in the transmission of ostreid herpesvirus-1 microVar

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (8) ◽  
pp. 1095-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. O’ Reilly ◽  
C. Laide ◽  
A Maloy ◽  
S. Hutton ◽  
B. Bookelaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Viral Transmission ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
World Organization ◽  
Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas contributes significantly to global aquaculture; however, C. gigas culture has been affected by ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1) and variants. The dynamics of how the virus maintains itself at culture sites is unclear and the role of carriers, reservoirs or hosts is unknown. Both wild and cultured mussels Mytilus spp. (Mytilus edulis, Mytilus galloprovincialis and hybrids) are commonly found at C. gigas culture sites. The objective of this study was to investigate if Mytilus spp. can harbour the virus and if viral transmission can occur between mussels and oysters. Mytilus spp. living at oyster trestles, 400–500 m higher up the shore from the trestles and up to 26 km at non-culture sites were screened for OsHV-1 and variants by all the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) recommended diagnostic methods including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR (qPCR), histology, in situ hybridization and confirmation using direct sequencing. The particular primers that target OsHV-1 and variants, including OsHV-1 microVar (μVar), were used in the PCR and qPCR. OsHV-1 μVar was detected in wild Mytilus spp. at C. gigas culture sites and more significantly the virus was detected in mussels at non-culture sites. Cohabitation of exposed wild mussels and naïve C. gigas resulted in viral transmission after 14 days, under an elevated temperature regime. These results indicate that mussels can harbour OsHV-1 μVar; however, the impact of OsHV-1 μVar on Mytilus spp. requires further investigation.

Assessment of heat shock and laboratory virus challenges to selectively breed for ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) resistance in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas

Aquaculture ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 469 ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Camara ◽  
Seiha Yen ◽  
Heinrich F. Kaspar ◽  
Aditya Kesarcodi-Watson ◽  
Nick King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Pacific Oyster ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Ostreid Herpesvirus 1

Mortality and ostreid herpesvirus 1 infection in the pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in the Gulf of La Spezia, Italy

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Serracca ◽  
Irene Rossini ◽  
Roberta Battistini ◽  
Carlo Ercolini
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Pacific Oyster ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Ostreid Herpesvirus 1

scholarly journals Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 Infection among Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Spat: Relevance of Water Temperature to Virus Replication and Circulation Prior to the Onset of Mortality

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (17) ◽  
pp. 5419-5426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristan Renault ◽  
Anne Lise Bouquet ◽  
Julien-Thomas Maurice ◽  
Coralie Lupo ◽  
Philippe Blachier
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Pacific Oyster ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pacific Oysters ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Ostreid Herpesvirus 1

ABSTRACTA number of bivalve species worldwide, including the Pacific oyster,Crassostrea gigas, have been affected by mass mortality events associated with herpesviruses, resulting in significant losses. A particular herpesvirus was purified from naturally infected larval Pacific oysters, and its genome was completely sequenced. This virus has been classified asOstreid herpesvirus 1(OsHV-1) within the familyMalacoherpesviridae. Since 2008, mass mortality outbreaks amongC. gigasin Europe have been related to the detection of a variant of OsHV-1 called μVar. Additional data are necessary to better describe mortality events in relation to environmental-parameter fluctuations and OsHV-1 detection. For this purpose, a single batch of Pacific oyster spat was deployed in 4 different locations in the Marennes-Oleron area (France): an oyster pond (“claire”), a shellfish nursery, and two locations in the field. Mortality rates were recorded based on regular observation, and samples were collected to search for and quantify OsHV-1 DNA by real-time PCR. Although similar massive mortality rates were reported at the 4 sites, mortality was detected earlier in the pond and in the nursery than at both field sites. This difference may be related to earlier increases in water temperature. Mass mortality was observed among oysters a few days after increases in the number of PCR-positive oysters and viral-DNA amounts were recorded. An initial increment in the number of PCR-positive oysters was reported at both field sites during the survey in the absence of significant mortality. During this period, the water temperature was below 16°C.

scholarly journals A novel class of herpesvirus with bivalve hosts

2005 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Davison ◽  
Benes L. Trus ◽  
Naiqian Cheng ◽  
Alasdair C. Steven ◽  
Moira S. Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ring Finger ◽  
Structure Characteristic ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Atpase Subunit ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Ring Finger Proteins ◽  
Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Simplex Virus

Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) is the only member of the Herpesviridae that has an invertebrate host and is associated with sporadic mortality in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and other bivalve species. Cryo-electron microscopy of purified capsids revealed the distinctive T=16 icosahedral structure characteristic of herpesviruses, although the preparations examined lacked pentons. The gross genome organization of OsHV-1 was similar to that of certain mammalian herpesviruses (including herpes simplex virus and human cytomegalovirus), consisting of two invertible unique regions (UL, 167·8 kbp; US, 3·4 kbp) each flanked by inverted repeats (TRL/IRL, 7·6 kbp; TRS/IRS, 9·8 kbp), with an additional unique sequence (X, 1·5 kbp) between IRL and IRS. Of the 124 unique genes predicted from the 207 439 bp genome sequence, 38 were members of 12 families of related genes and encoded products related to helicases, inhibitors of apoptosis, deoxyuridine triphosphatase and RING-finger proteins, in addition to membrane-associated proteins. Eight genes in three of the families appeared to be fragmented. Other genes that did not belong to the families were predicted to encode DNA polymerase, the two subunits of ribonucleotide reductase, a helicase, a primase, the ATPase subunit of terminase, a RecB-like protein, additional RING-like proteins, an ion channel and several other membrane-associated proteins. Sequence comparisons showed that OsHV-1 is at best tenuously related to the two classes of vertebrate herpesviruses (those associated with mammals, birds and reptiles, and those associated with bony fish and amphibians). OsHV-1 thus represents a third major class of the herpesviruses.

scholarly journals Pesticides and Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 Infection in the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e0130628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierrick Moreau ◽  
Nicole Faury ◽  
Thierry Burgeot ◽  
Tristan Renault
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Pacific Oyster ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Ostreid Herpesvirus 1
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