scholarly journals Type 2 diabetes mellitus accelerates brain aging and cognitive decline: complementary findings from UK Biobank and meta-analyses.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam P McMahon ◽  
Botond Antal ◽  
Syed Fahad Sultan ◽  
Andrew Lithen ◽  
Deborah J Wexler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Functional Changes

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is known to be associated with cognitive deficits; however, their extent, overlap with aging effects, and neurobiological correlates are currently unknown. We characterized neurocognitive effects in T2DM in a large cohort complemented by meta-analysis of the published literature. As compared to age, sex, and education-matched HC, T2DM was associated with marked cognitive deficits, particularly in executive functioning and processing speed. Likewise, we found that the diagnosis of T2DM was significantly associated with gray matter atrophy, primarily within the ventral striatum, cerebellum, and putamen, with reorganization of brain activity (decreased in the caudate, frontal eye fields, and premotor cortex and increased in the subgenual area, thalamus, brainstem and posterior cingulate cortex). The structural and functional changes associated with T2DM show marked overlap with the effects of aging but appear earlier, with disease duration linked to more severe neurodegeneration. The neurocognitive impact of T2DM suggests marked acceleration of normal brain aging, by approximately 24%, made worse with chronicity. As such, neuroimaging-based biomarkers may provide a valuable adjunctive measure of T2DM progression and treatment efficacy based on neurological outcomes.

“CHANGES IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2 WITH NEPHROPATHY AND PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF NEUROMARKERS OF BRAIN INJURY. LITERATURE REVIEW"

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Yu. Urmanova ◽  
A. Holikov
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Neurospecific Proteins

THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY is to carry out an analysis of the literature evaluating diabetic encephalopathy by determining neuromarkers. MATERIAL AND METHODS. In this article, the authors analyzed the literature on the role of neuromarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing program hemodialysis. RESEARCH RESULTS. Among biochemical markers, the determination of the level of neurospecific proteins is actively being investigated. The main part of them is autoantigens, entering the bloodstream, can cause the appearance of autoantibodies, which, when the blood-brain barrier is impaired, enter the brain from the blood vessel and cause morphological changes, destructive processes in neurons, as well as the development of nonspecific acute-phase reactions like edema or inflammation. Biomarker studies for the diagnosis of various brain lesions have been under way for more than 20 years, but at present no ideal biomarker has been found. Among biochemical markers, the determination of the level of neurospecific proteins is being actively studied. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing hemodialysis, this issue is also relevant in view of the frequent vascular cerebrovascular complications, but few studies have been conducted. CONCLUSIONS. All of the above emphasizes the need to identify the features of clinical and functional changes in the nervous system in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving program hemodialysis and to evaluate the prognostic value of neuromarkers in early detection of the degree of brain damage. 

scholarly journals Impairment of the glymphatic system after diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1326-1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Jiang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Guangliang Ding ◽  
Esmaeil Davoodi-Bojd ◽  
Qingjiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Fluid Exchange ◽  
Glymphatic System

The glymphatic system has recently been shown to clear brain extracellular solutes and abnormalities in glymphatic clearance system may contribute to both initiation and progression of neurological diseases. Despite that diabetes is known as a risk factor for vascular diseases, little is known how diabetes affects the glymphatic system. The current study is the first investigation of the effect of diabetes on the glymphatic system and the link between alteration of glymphatic clearance and cognitive impairment in Type-2 diabetes mellitus rats. MRI analysis revealed that clearance of cerebrospinal fluid contrast agent Gd-DTPA from the interstitial space was slowed by a factor of three in the hippocampus of Type-2 diabetes mellitus rats compared to the non-DM rats and confirmed by florescence imaging analysis. Cognitive deficits detected by behavioral tests were highly and inversely correlated to the retention of Gd-DTPA contrast and fluorescent tracer in the hippocampus of Type-2 diabetes mellitus rats. Type-2 diabetes mellitus suppresses clearance of interstitial fluid in the hippocampus and hypothalamus, suggesting that an impairment of the glymphatic system contributes to Type-2 diabetes mellitus-induced cognitive deficits. Whole brain MRI provides a sensitive, non-invasive tool to quantitatively evaluate cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid exchange in Type-2 diabetes mellitus and possibly in other neurological disorders, with potential clinical application.

scholarly journals Vascular Structural and Functional Changes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Circulation ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 106 (24) ◽  
pp. 3037-3043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Schofield ◽  
Rayaz Malik ◽  
Ashley Izzard ◽  
Clare Austin ◽  
Anthony Heagerty
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Functional Changes

Decreased plasma level of lipoprotein lipase predicted verbal disfluency in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with early cognitive deficits

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke An ◽  
Peng Guo ◽  
Haoqiang Zhang ◽  
Wenwen Zhu ◽  
Wuyou Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Control Group

Background : Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is the rate-limiting enzyme of catalyzing the hydrolysis of triglycerides and contributes to amyloid-β formation which shows promise as a pathological factor of cognitive decline in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to investigate the pathogenetic roles of LPL and rs328 polymorphism in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients with T2DM. Methods: Chinese patients with T2DM were recruited and divided into two groups based on Montreal Cognitive Assessment score. Demographic data were collected, LPL was measured and neuropsychological test results were examined. Results: Seventy-nine patients with diabetes and MCI had significantly decreased plasma LPL levels (p = 0.007) when compared with health-cognition controls (n = 91). Correlation analysis revealed that LPL was positively correlated with clock drawing test (r = 0.158, p = 0.043) and logical memory test (r = 0.162, p = 0.037), while lipoprotein a (r = -0.214, p = 0.006) was inversely associated with LPL. Logistic regression analysis further demonstrated that LPL concentration was an independent factor for diabetic MCI (p = 0.036). No significant differences were observed in the distributions of rs328 variants between patients with MCI and the controls. Moreover, no remarkable association was found among plasma LPL levels, cognitive performances, and lipid levels between the genotypic subgroups. The trail making tests A was increased in the GC group when compared with the CC genotype in the control group. Conclusion: Decreased plasma level of LPL could probably predict early cognitive deficits, especially verbal disfluency.

Exercise attenuates the premature cardiovascular aging effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 378-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy G Huebschmann ◽  
Wendy M Kohrt ◽  
Judy G Regensteiner
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular Aging

scholarly journals Color space distortions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 663-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAUDIA FEITOSA-SANTANA ◽  
NESTOR N. OIWA ◽  
GALINA V. PARAMEI ◽  
DAVID BIMLER ◽  
MARCELO F. COSTA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Color Vision ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Vision Impairment ◽  
Color Spaces ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Color Vision Impairment

Color vision impairment was examined in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) without retinopathy. We assessed the type and degree of distortions of individual color spaces. DM2 patients (n= 32), and age-matched controls (n= 20) were tested using the Farnsworth D-15 and the Lanthony D-15d tests. In addition, subsets of caps from both tests were employed in a triadic procedure (Bimler & Kirkland, 2004). Matrices of inter-cap subjective dissimilarities were estimated from each subject's “odd-one-out” choices, and processed using non-metric multidimensional scaling. Two-dimensional color spaces, individual and group (DM2 patients; controls), were reconstructed, with the axes interpreted as the R/G and B/Y perceptual opponent systems. Compared to controls, patient results were not significant for the D-15 and D-15d. In contrast, in the triadic procedure the residual distances were significantly different compared to controls: right eye,P= 0.021, and left eye,P= 0.022. Color space configurations for the DM2 patients were compressed along the B/Y and R/G dimensions. The present findings agree with earlier studies demonstrating diffuse losses in early stages of DM2. The proposed method of testing uses color spaces to represent discrimination and provides more differentiated quantitative diagnosis, which may be interpreted as the perceptual color system affected. In addition, it enables the detection of very mild color vision impairment that is not captured by the D-15d test. Along with fundoscopy, individual color spaces may serve for monitoring early functional changes and thereby to support a treatment strategy.

scholarly journals Microcirculatory parameters in compensated and decompensated type 2 diabetes mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
O V Suchkova ◽  
Yu I Gurfinkel ◽  
M L Sasonko
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Capillary Blood Flow ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Group 2

Aim. To reveal the features of microcirculatory parameters in compensated and decompensated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Subjects and methods. A total of 196 patients with T2DM were examined and divided into 2 groups: 1) 52 patients (40.4% of men) aged 52.8±8.7 years with compensated T2DM (glycated hemoglobin (HbA1с), 6.3±0.5%); 2) 68 patients (38.2% of men) aged 52.8±8.1 years with decompensated T2DM (HbA1с, 9.4±1.7%). Both patient groups had concomitant hypertension (its prevalence, degree, stage of hypertension were comparable). A control group consisted of 76 volunteers (40.8% of men) aged 52.2±8.7 years with normal carbohydrate metabolism and without signs of cardiovascular disease (HbA1с, 5.3±0.49%). Capillary blood flow in the finger nail-fold area was investigated in all the participants. A digital optical capillaroscope with image-processing software was used to obtain quantitative blood microcirculatory parameters. The diameters of arterial and venous capillary segments were measured, by calculating the remodeling rate. The degree of capillary tortuosity, network density, and polymorphism and the size of the perivascular zone (PZ) were estimated. Blood rheological properties and capillary blood flow velocity were also investigated. Results. The decompensated T2DM group compared to the compensated T2DM group was found to have a narrowing of the arterial capillary segment diameter (8.4±2.0 µm; p=0.009) and an increase in remodeling rates (1.47±0.22; p=0.000). The tendency of the PZ size to be larger in patients with decompensated T2DM compared to those with compensated T2DM (p=0.080) and the increase in this indicator compared to the control group (p=0.001) reflect the presence of edema syndrome in Group 2, as laboratory confirmed by a statistically significantly elevated sodium level (p=0.000; p=0.006). The enlarged venous capillary segment demonstrates involvement of the venous component in microcirculatory disorders in T2DM. The reduction in the density of the capillary network and the increase in capillary tortuosity and polymorphism, which were also observed in the patients of both groups versus the control group, are referred to as disorders that are characteristic of T2DM. Conclusion. In decompensated T2DM, capillary bed structural and functional changes are found as a narrowing of the arterial capillary segment, an increase in the rate of remodeling, and enlargement of the PZ. Digital capillaroscopy opens up new possibilities for assessing the magnitude of changes in the microcirculatory system in DM and can simultaneously evaluate the efficiency of treatment, by monitoring the status of the microvasculature.

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