scholarly journals The long arm of childhood socioeconomic deprivation on mid- to later-life cognitive trajectories : A cross-cohort analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby S.M. Tsang ◽  
John E.J. Gallacher ◽  
Sarah Bauermeister
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Socioeconomic Deprivation ◽  
Cognitive Ageing ◽  
Childhood Socioeconomic Status

INTRODUCTION: Earlier studies of the effects of childhood socioeconomic status (SES) on later life cognitive function consistently report a social gradient in later life cognitive function. Evidence for their effects on cognitive decline is, however, less clear. METHODS: The sample consists of 5,324 participants in the Whitehall II Study, 8,572 in the Health and Retirement Study, and 1,413 in the Kame Project, who completed self-report questionnaires on their early-life experiences and underwent repeated cognitive assessments. We characterised cognitive trajectories using latent class mixed models, and explored associations between childhood SES and latent class membership using logistic regressions. RESULTS: We identified distinct trajectories classes for all cognitive measures examined. Childhood socioeconomic deprivation was associated with an increased likelihood of being in a lower trajectory class. DISCUSSION: Our findings support the notions that cognitive ageing is a heterogeneous process and early-life circumstances may have lasting effects on cognition across the life-course. Keywords: cognitive ageing; cognitive decline; longitudinal studies; latent class mixed models; childhood socioeconomic status

scholarly journals Early Life Circumstances and Cognitive Aging: Longitudinal Evidence From China Health and Retirement Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 62-62
Author(s):  
Zhuoer Lin ◽  
Xi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Cognitive Deficit ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Childhood Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Life Circumstances

Abstract Objectives: This study examines the long-term relationship between early life circumstances and later life cognitive aging. In particular, we differentiate the long-term effects of early life circumstances on level of cognitive deficit and rate of cognitive decline. Methods: Cognitive trajectories were measured using three waves of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Surveys (CHARLS 2011-2015). Linear mixed-effect model was used to decompose the individual level of cognitive deficit and rate of cognitive change in a sample of Chinese middle-aged and older adults 45-90 years of age (N=6,700). These two dimensions of cognition were matched to four domains of early life circumstances using CHARLS Life History Survey (2014), including childhood socioeconomic status, neighborhood environment, social relationships and health conditions. Their associations were examined by linear regressions. Stratification analysis was further conducted to investigate the mediating effect of education on early life circumstances and cognitive aging. Results: Childhood socioeconomic status, childhood friendship and early life health conditions were significantly associated with both the level of cognitive deficit and rate of decline. In contrast, the community environment, including childhood neighborhood safety and social cohesion, only affected the baseline level of cognitive deficit; and childhood relationship with parents only affected the rate of cognitive decline. Moreover, education was found to be a mediating factor of these relationships. Conclusion: Exposure to disadvantaged early life circumstances have significant negative effects on later life cognitive deficit as well as rate of cognitive decline. Nevertheless, these long-term impacts can be partially ameliorated by higher educational attainment.

Cardiometabolic Risk and Cognitive Decline: The Role of Socioeconomic Status in Childhood and Adulthood

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuya Oi ◽  
Steven Haas
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Socioeconomic Attainment ◽  
Childhood Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Retirement Study

Socioeconomic conditions in childhood predict cognitive functioning in later life. It is unclear whether poor childhood socioeconomic status (SES) also predicts the acceleration of cognitive decline. One proposed pathway is via cardiometabolic risk, which has been linked to both childhood SES and earlier onset of cognitive impairment. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, we examine the impact of childhood SES on cognitive trajectories over six years and test whether it operates through increased cardiometabolic risk and adult SES. We find that higher childhood SES leads to slower cognitive decline, partially due to lower levels of cardiometabolic risk. However, these pathways operate entirely through adult socioeconomic attainment. The results have important implications for future trends in cognitive population health within the context of growing social inequality and reduced social mobility.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in the Association between Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Cognitive Function in Later Life

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyoung Lyu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Childhood Socioeconomic Status ◽  
The Impact

Objectives. This study was aimed to explore the gender differences in the association between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and cognitive function in later life. Methods. Using a nationally representative sample from the Health and Retirement Study, 5,544 females and 3,863 males were analyzed separately. Growth curve models were used to examine memory status and change in memory from 1998 to 2010. Results. The results showed that SES disadvantage in childhood was associated with lower memory at baseline controlling for adult SES and other covariates. In addition, cumulated disadvantage in SES was associated with poor memory in both genders. Statistically, the impact of cumulative SES on memory function at baseline was significantly different by gender. Discussion. These findings suggest that childhood SES has long-term effects on cognitive function among both men and women, and cumulative SES from childhood to adulthood may be more important for men than women with respect to their memory performance.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Status and Parenting Style From Childhood: Long-Term Effects on Cognitive Function in Middle and Later Adulthood

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. e13-e24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujun Liu ◽  
Margie E Lachman
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Role Of Parents

Abstract Objectives This study assesses whether childhood socioeconomic status (SES) is related to cognitive function and cognitive change at mid and later life and explores the buffering effects of parenting style and adulthood SES. Method Data were derived from the 3 waves of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study, a national survey including 7,108 participants aged from 24 to 75 years at baseline. We used multiple regression and multilevel models to investigate the associations between childhood SES, adulthood SES, and cognitive performance and change at midlife and the role of parents’ affection and discipline. Results Low childhood SES was associated with lower cognitive function and more cognitive decline at mid and later life. Adulthood SES moderated the effect of childhood SES on cognitive function. Interactions showed that paternal discipline was positively related to cognitive function among participants with low childhood SES, and negatively related to cognitive function among participants with high childhood SES. High paternal affection was associated with less cognitive decline at mid and later life. Discussion The findings advance the understanding of the long-term consequences of SES and psychosocial factors in early life that can lead to optimal cognitive function in middle and old age.

scholarly journals Childhood Socioeconomic Status Does Not Predict Late-Life Cognitive Decline in the 1936 Lothian Birth Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Racine Maurice ◽  
Alisone Hébert ◽  
Valérie Turcotte ◽  
Olivier Potvin ◽  
Carol Hudon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Lothian Birth Cohort ◽  
Childhood Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Parental Educational Attainment

This study examined childhood socioeconomic status (SES) as a predictor of later life cognitive decline. Data came from 519 participants in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936) study. SES measures at 11 years of age included parental educational attainment, father’s occupational status, household characteristics and a composite measure of global childhood SES (i.e., a total of low SES childhood indicators). Cognitive abilities were assessed by the Mini-Mental State Exam at ages 69.8, 72.8 and 76.7 years. Most indicators of low childhood SES (i.e., father manual worker, less than secondary school father education, household overcrowding, exterior located toilet, and global childhood SES) did not predict cognitive decline between the ages of 69.8 and 76.7. Participants with less educated mothers showed an increase in cognitive decline (β = −0.132, p = 0.048, and CI = −0.80, −0.00). The relationship between maternal educational attainment and cognitive decline became non-significant when controlling for adult SES (i.e., participant educational attainment and occupation). Adult SES did not mediate the latter relationship. This study provides new evidence that childhood SES alone is not strongly associated with cognitive decline. New knowledge is critical to improving population health by identifying life span stages in which interventions might be effective in preventing cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Social Determinants of Health And The Onset of Dementia in Later Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 749-749
Author(s):  
Darren Liu ◽  
Takashi Yamashita ◽  
Betty Burston ◽  
Chetana Guthikonda
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Determinants Of Health

Abstract Dementia is a debilitating neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by deterioration in memory, cognitive, behavioral, and physical capacity. Recent research has indicated that some early-life social determinants of health (SDH), which vary by race/ethnicity may hold clues to the onset of dementia. Although early life clinical risk factors of dementia have been identified, early-life SDH such as education, sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics are yet to be collated. This review study focused on early-life (less than18 years of age) SDH in relation to cognitive decline in later life and differences across racial/ethnic groups in the U.S. A systematic review of articles in and after January of 1999 was conducted using Scoping Reviews - an approach for evidence synthesis to determine the coverage of a body of literature. Studies that report the impact of early-life social determinants on late-life cognitive decline were identified through the searches of CINAHL, Global Health, PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus databases. Our initial database search resulted in 823 studies, and of those, 102 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. The systematic review identified the following risk factors: lower education (34%), lower socioeconomic status (25%), Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) (14%), exposure to environmental toxins (11%), food insecurity (6.8%), and rural residence (4%). Although education and socioeconomic status are well-known risk factors of cognitive decline in later life, other understudied factors such as food insecurity and residing in rural areas are yet to be explored. Implications in terms of understanding the link between early life SDH and dementia in later life are discussed.

scholarly journals Life Course Socioeconomic Status and Late-Life Cognition and Cognitive Decline in the Rush Memory and Aging Project

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 259-259
Author(s):  
Anna Krasnova ◽  
Sarah Tom ◽  
Linda Valeri ◽  
Maria Glymour ◽  
Paul Crane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Global Cognitive Function ◽  
Financial Need

Abstract The relationships among life course socioeconomic status (SES) measures with later life cognition and cognitive decline are unclear. We test the hypothesis that life-course SES is associated with late life level of cognition and rate of cognitive decline. The Rush Memory and Aging Project enrolled 1,864 dementia-free people aged ≥65 years between 1994 – 2018. Participants reported early life (parental education, number of siblings, and childhood financial need), mid-life (income at 40 years), and late life (baseline income) SES. Global cognitive function is a composite of 19 neuropsychological tests, administered annually. We utilized marginal structural models to assess the effect of SES (dichotomized at the median) at three life-course stages on late life global cognitive function and decline. We calculated inverse probability weights to adjust for socio-demographic confounders at each life-course stage. A total 1,063 participants had all relevant variables. Average follow-up was 4.4 years, and mean baseline age was 80.4 years. Most respondents were non-Hispanic white (89.7%) and female (74.1%). In the fully adjusted model, high childhood SES (coefficient 0.10; 95% CI 0.01, 0.20) and high late-life SES were associated with higher cognition intercept (coefficient 0.21; 95% CI 0.09, 0.32). High mid-life SES was associated with slower rate of cognitive decline (coefficient 0.02; 95% CI 0.001, 0.05). Childhood and late-life SES measures were not related to cognitive decline. Childhood and adult SES may reflect processes in building cognitive capacity, while midlife SES may reflect cognition maintenance. Interventions relating to SES across the life-course may benefit later life cognition.

scholarly journals Perception of Neighborhood Characteristics During Childhood and Cognitive Health Among Older Adults in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 439-439
Author(s):  
Changmin Peng ◽  
Sae Hwang Han ◽  
Jeffrey Burr
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics ◽  
Neighborhood Safety ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Childhood Conditions ◽  
Neighborhood Environments

Abstract Neighborhood environments shape the availability of resources for social engagement and social interaction, which are associated with better health outcomes. However, these contextual factors are also considered sources of potential social distress and tension, increasing the risk of subsequent health deficits, including cognitive decline. Our understanding of the linkage between childhood neighborhood environments and cognitive functioning in later life is limited. This study employed three waves of nationally representative data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2015; N = 11,105) to investigate the relationship between self-reported neighborhood social cohesion during childhood (i.e., neighborhood safety, neighbors willing to help, and close-knit neighborhood) and cognitive functioning (Chinese version of TICS). We employed latent growth curve modeling to test hypotheses relating to life course models of childhood conditions and later life cognitive functioning (the long arm of childhood). The results showed that perceptions regarding the willingness of neighbors to help and close-knit neighborhood characteristics during childhood were positively associated with levels of later life cognitive function. Further, growing up in a neighborhood characterized by the willingness of neighbors to help others was negatively associated with the rate of cognitive decline, net of childhood and adulthood covariates. Self-report of neighborhood safety during childhood was unrelated to cognitive function (level and change). These findings underscored the long-term ramifications of childhood conditions as potential risk factors for later-life cognitive health. Social cohesion at the neighborhood level as experienced during childhood may be a protective factor for healthy cognitive aging among older Chinese adults.

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