scholarly journals Transmission event of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant reveals multiple vaccine breakthrough infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Farinholt ◽  
Xiang Qin ◽  
Qingchang Meng ◽  
Vipin Menon ◽  
Harshavardhan Doddapaneni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Great Risk ◽  
Causal Variant ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Significant Other ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Transmission Event ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alpha Variant ◽  
Health Objective

Importance: Vaccine breakthrough by an emergent SARS-CoV-2 variant poses a great risk to global public health. Objective: To determine the SARS-CoV-2 variant responsible for 6 cases of vaccine breakthrough. Design: Nasopharyngeal swabs from suspected vaccine breakthrough cases were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by qPCR for Wuhan-Hu1 and Alpha variant. Positive samples were then sequenced by Swift Normalase Amplicon Panels to determine the causal variant. Setting: Transmission event occurred at events surrounding a wedding outside of Houston, TX. Two patients from India, likely transmitted the Delta variant to other guests. Participants: Following a positive SARS-CoV-2 qPCR test at a third-party site, six fully vaccinated patients were investigated. Three males and three females ranged from 53 to 69 years old. One patient suffered from diabetes while three others were classified as overweight. No significant other comorbidities were identified. None of the patients had a history of failed vaccination.

scholarly journals Transmission event of SARS-CoV-2 delta variant reveals multiple vaccine breakthrough infections

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Farinholt ◽  
Harsha Doddapaneni ◽  
Xiang Qin ◽  
Vipin Menon ◽  
Qingchang Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Read Depth ◽  
Causal Variant ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Genome Analysis Toolkit ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Alpha Variant ◽  
Viral Sequencing ◽  
Internal Funding

Abstract Background This study aims to identify the causative strain of SARS-CoV-2 in a cluster of vaccine breakthroughs. Vaccine breakthrough by a highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 strain is a risk to global public health. Methods Nasopharyngeal swabs from suspected vaccine breakthrough cases were tested for SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) by qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) for Wuhan-Hu1 and alpha variant. Positive samples were then sequenced by Swift Normalase Amplicon Panels to determine the causal variant. GATK (genome analysis toolkit) variants were filtered with allele fraction ≥80 and min read depth 30x. Results Viral sequencing revealed an infection cluster of 6 vaccinated patients infected with the delta (B.1.617.2) SARS-CoV-2 variant. With no history of vaccine breakthrough, this suggests the delta variant may possess immune evasion in patients that received the Pfizer BNT162b2, Moderna mRNA-1273, and Covaxin BBV152. Conclusions Delta variant may pose the highest risk out of any currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants, with previously described increased transmissibility over alpha variant and now, possible vaccine breakthrough. Funding Parts of this work was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (1U19AI144297) and Baylor College of Medicine internal funding.

scholarly journals The Controversies, Challenges and Complexities of Lyme Disease: A Narrative Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Claire Van Hout
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Broad Perspective ◽  
History Of

Purpose: Lyme disease has become an increasingly important global public health concern. Method: A narrative review was conducted and designed to present a broad perspective on Lyme disease, and describe its history and development in terms of clinical care and public health implications. A structured literature search was conducted based on the question; what is currently known about Lyme disease? Results: The narrative review is presented in chronological order in terms of a summary of the history of Lyme disease, the complexities of clinical diagnosis, the problematic interpretation of serologic testing, the conflicting guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and management of chronic Lyme, and benefits of antibiotic treatment. Conclusion: Despite growing global incidence of the Lyme disease, treatment has not attracted pharmaceutical investment, and the evidence base and international guidelines for treatment and management of chronic Lyme continue to be conflicting and controversial. The challenges of this immune mediated tick borne disease for public health policy and clinical practice are summarised, alongside directions for future research.

scholarly journals The history of the neglected tropical disease movement

2021 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175
Author(s):  
David H Molyneux ◽  
Anarfi Asamoa-Bah ◽  
Alan Fenwick ◽  
Lorenzo Savioli ◽  
Peter Hotez
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rockefeller Foundation ◽  
Tropical Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Neglected Tropical Disease ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract The history of the neglected tropical disease movement is seen through the lens of authors who worked during the last 4 decades in different roles and in different settings, from Western-based laboratories to clinical roles in endemic countries and in critical policy roles in the World Health Organization (WHO). The authors seek to identify key players from the introduction of the word ‘neglected’ by the late Kenneth Warren in his Rockefeller Foundation–supported Great Neglected Diseases of Mankind movement through to the more recent developments after the London Declaration of 2012. The role of the various actors—endemic countries, major pharmaceutical companies, the WHO, non-government development organizations, bilateral donors and academia—are discussed. The critical events and decisions are highlighted that were essential enabling factors in creating a viable and successful movement and with a resultant massive global public health and antipoverty impact. The importance of advocacy is emphasized in creating the momentum to establish a globally recognized public health ‘brand’ as a target in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

scholarly journals To Deal with a New Coronavirus Pandemic: Making Sense of the Lack of Any State Practice in Pursuing State Responsibility for Alleged Malfeasances in a Pandemic—Lex Specialis or Lex Generalis at Work?

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-252
Author(s):  
Sienho Yee
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
State Responsibility ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
State Practice ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Course ◽  
State Of Affairs

Abstract There has never been any State practice in pursuing State responsibility for alleged malfeasances in pandemics. What effect does this absence of practice have on the framework of applicable law regarding this pursuit of State responsibility? How can we make sense of this absence in the context of global public health? One way would be to see the absence as reflecting a lex specialis providing for no State responsibility for any alleged malfeasances; another as reflecting States’ assessment that there is no or slight chance of success even under a lex generalis not excluding potential responsibility. The former appears more consonant with the uniform lack of practice in pursuing State responsibility over the long course of history of dealing with pandemics. If there can be a better state of affairs, it will be up to States to search for it and to bring it to fruition in the future.

Public Health Ethics: From Foundations and Frameworks to Justice and Global Public Health

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy E. Kass
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Ethics ◽  
Smallpox Vaccination ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
History Of Public Health ◽  
Surgeon General ◽  
Health Ethics ◽  
History Of

Public health ethics in the future will be distinguished from public health ethics in the past by this new subfield being labeled as such, acknowledged, and called upon for service. Ethical dilemmas have been present throughout the history of public health. The question of whether to force Henning Jacobson to be immunized in 1905 in accordance with the 1902 Massachusetts smallpox vaccination law was one of ethics as well as law. How Thomas Parran, Surgeon General in 1936, chose to respond to a raging syphilis epidemic in the United States in the early part of the 2W century raised considerable moral debate in determining the appropriate public health response for a government? More recently, questions have arisen concerning the appropriate reach of government in controlling HIV banning smoking, or promoting healthy lifestyles. Debates over government infringement, morality, and justice recur throughout the history of public health.

Life Lessons of the Pandemic ”Covid - 19”

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 469-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagyashri Vijay Chaudhari ◽  
Priya P. Chawle
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Strange Situation ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
The People ◽  
Life Lessons

“A lesson learned the hard way is a lesson learned for a lifetime.” Every bad situation hurts; however, it sure does teach us something a lesson. In the same manner of a new lesson for Human lifetime, history is observing 'The Novel COVID-19 ’, a very horrible and strange situation created due to fighting with a microscopic enemy. WHO on 11 February 2020 has announced a name for new disease as - 19 and has declared as a global public health emergency and subsequently as pandemic because of its widespread. This began as an outbreak in December 2019, with its in Wuhan, the People Republic of China has emerged as a public health emergency of international concern. is the group of a virus with non-segmented, single-stranded and positive RNA genome. This bad situation of pandemic creates new scenes in the life of people in a different manner, which will be going to be life lessons for them. Such lessons should be kept in mind for the safety of living beings and many more things. In this narrative review article, reference was taken from a different article published in various databases which include the view of different authors and writers on the "Lessons to be from Corona".

PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM IN THE HISTORY OF RUSSIAN SOCIOLOGY

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
I.E. Levchenko ◽  
◽  
A.Y. Kuznetsov ◽  
E.G. Korniltseva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
History Of
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