scholarly journals Reduced COVID-19 Hospitalizations among New York City Residents Following Age-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Eligibility: Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon K. Greene ◽  
Alison Levin-Rector ◽  
Emily McGibbon ◽  
Jennifer Baumgartner ◽  
Katelynn Devinney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Real World ◽  
York City ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Real World Evidence ◽  
Implementation Period

Background: In clinical trials, several SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were shown to reduce risk of severe COVID-19 illness. Local, population-level, real-world evidence of vaccine effectiveness is accumulating. We assessed vaccine effectiveness for community-dwelling New York City (NYC) residents using a quasi-experimental, regression discontinuity design, leveraging a period (January 12-March 9, 2021) when ≥65-year-olds were vaccine-eligible but younger persons, excluding essential workers, were not. Methods: We constructed segmented, negative binomial regression models of age-specific COVID-19 hospitalization rates among 45-84-year-old NYC residents during a post-vaccination program implementation period (February 21-April 17, 2021), with a discontinuity at age 65 years. The relationship between age and hospitalization rates in an unvaccinated population was incorporated using a pre-implementation period (December 20, 2020-February 13, 2021). We calculated the rate ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the interaction between implementation period (pre or post) and age-based eligibility (45-64 or 65-84 years). Analyses were stratified by race/ethnicity and borough of residence. Similar analyses were conducted for COVID-19 deaths. Results: Hospitalization rates among 65-84-year-olds decreased from pre- to post-implementation periods (RR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74-0.97), controlling for trends among 45-64-year-olds. Accordingly, an estimated 721 (95% CI: 126-1,241) hospitalizations were averted. Residents just above the eligibility threshold (65-66-year-olds) had lower hospitalization rates than those below (63-64-year-olds). Racial/ethnic groups and boroughs with higher vaccine coverage generally experienced greater reductions in RR point estimates. Uncertainty was greater for the decrease in COVID-19 death rates (RR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.66-1.10). Conclusion: The vaccination program in NYC reduced COVID-19 hospitalizations among the initially age-eligible ≥65-year-old population by approximately 15%. The real-world evidence of vaccine effectiveness makes it more imperative to improve vaccine access and uptake to reduce inequities in COVID-19 outcomes.

scholarly journals Reduced COVID-19 Hospitalizations among New York City Residents Following Age-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Eligibility: Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Design

Vaccine X ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 100134
Author(s):  
Sharon K. Greene ◽  
Alison Levin-Rector ◽  
Emily McGibbon ◽  
Jennifer Baumgartner ◽  
Katelynn Devinney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Design

Abstract T P390: Baseline Stroke Knowledge of 4th-6th Grade Children in New York City Public Schools Has No Appreciable Trend from 2005-2014

Stroke ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James M Noble ◽  
Cailey Simmons ◽  
Mindy F Hecht ◽  
Olajide Williams
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Real World ◽  
York City ◽  
Hip Hop ◽  
Expected Value ◽  
Stroke Symptom ◽  
Stroke Diagnosis ◽  
Stroke Knowledge

Background and Purpose: To examine whether the baseline stroke knowledge of children in schools participating in our Hip Hop Stroke program has changed since its inception in late 2005. Methods: We gathered baseline stroke knowledge surveys from 2,839 students enrolled in the Hip Hop Stroke program from November 2005 through April 2014 with median annual enrollment of 344 (range 55 to 582). All students were enrolled in New York City public schools, in 4th through 6th grade. Students who left ≥3 questions blank were discarded; other blank answers were treated as missing. Data were analyzed using binomial, Chi-Square and regression analysis (SPSS v22.0). Results: Overall there was no consistent trend in baseline stroke knowledge by academic year. Overall, 28.4% of students recognized stroke occurred in the brain (expected value 25% [p<0.001], range from 13.8-61.2% for any given year). With stroke diagnosis provided, 85.5% of 1436 students knew to call 911, whereas only 59.6% of 1243 students knew to call 911 when given a hypothetical real-world stroke symptom scenario without stroke diagnosis included, p<0.001. For a composite assessment of knowledge including 4 stroke symptoms (blurred vision, facial droop, sudden headache, slurred speech), 1 distractor (chest pain), and urgent action plan (call 911), asked consistently since 2006, overall students scored a mean 2.86 (95% CI: 2.80-2.92; possible range 0-6, expected value 2.75), with annual scores ranging from 2.54-3.56. Conclusion: Stroke knowledge among elementary school students remains low and has not appreciably changed during the last 9 years. The use of hypothetical real-world stroke symptom scenarios may more accurately reflect intent to call 911 for stroke than the use of questions in which stroke diagnosis is given.

scholarly journals Short-Run Impacts of Accountability on School Quality

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonah Rockoff ◽  
Lesley J Turner
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Student Achievement ◽  
York City ◽  
School Quality ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Short Run

In the fall of 2007, New York City began using student tests and other measures to assign each school a grade (A to F), and linked grades to rewards and consequences, including possible school closure. These grades were released in late September, arguably too late for schools to make major changes in programs or personnel, and students were tested again in January (English) and March (math). Despite this time frame, regression discontinuity estimates indicate that receipt of a low grade significantly increased student achievement, more so in math than English, and improved parental evaluations of school quality. (JEL H75, I21, I28, J45)

scholarly journals Do Stay at Home Orders and Cloth Face Coverings Control COVID-19 in New York City? Results from a SIER Model Based on Real World Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Li ◽  
Yuming Wang ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Jing-Wen Ai ◽  
Hao-Cheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Real World ◽  
York City ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
World Data ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Predicted Values

Abstract Public health interventions have been implemented to contain the outbreak of COVID-19 in New York City. However, the assessment of those interventions, e.g. social distancing, cloth face covering based on the real-world data from filed study is lacking. The SEIR compartmental model was used to evaluate the social distancing and cloth face covering effect on the daily culminative laboratory confirmed cases in NYC, and COVID-19 transmissibility. The latter was measured by Rt reproduction numbers in three phases which were based on two interventions in implemented in the timeline. The transmissibility decreased from phase 1 to phase 3. The Initial, R0 was 4.60 in Phase 1 without any intervention. After social distancing, the Rt value was reduced by 68%, while after the mask recommendation, it was further reduced by ~60%. Interventions resulted in significant reduction of confirmed case numbers, relative to predicted values based on SEIR model without intervention. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of social distancing and cloth face coverings in slowing down the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in NYC.

Temporal Trends in Tuberculosis Hospitalization Rates Before and After Implementation of Directly Observed Therapy: New York City, 1988–1995

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Beth Terry ◽  
Moïse Desvarieux ◽  
Margaret Short
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Directly Observed Therapy ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Widespread Implementation ◽  
Before And After

AbstractNew York City hospitalization rates were analyzed to investigate whether tuberculosis (TB) hospitalizations declined after implementation of directly observed therapy QOOT) for TB. TB hospitalization rates mirrored incidence rates in pattern but not in magnitude. Rates have declined significantly following widespread implementation of DOT in 1993.

Jack Kirby

2018 ◽  
pp. 191-205
Author(s):  
Andrew Alan Smith
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New York City ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Real World ◽  
York City ◽  
Background Information ◽  
East Side ◽  
Alter Ego

Ben “The Thing” Grimm of the Fantastic Four is portrayed as a working-class “guy,” despite the vast amount of money at his disposal as a principal in Fantastic Four, Inc. However, his origins go back further than his first appearance in 1961, to the childhood of his co-creator and original artist, Jack Kirby. Kirby, a working-class Jew from the slums of Lower East Side New York City in the early part of the twentieth century, patterned Grimm after himself. Even after both Kirby and cocreator Stan Lee left Fantastic Four, successive writers and artists would include new pieces of background information about the character cementing the direct correlation between the fictional Thing and his real-world creator and alter ego, Jack Kirby.

scholarly journals Hospitalization Rates Among People With HIV/AIDS in New York City, 2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Lazar ◽  
Laura Kersanske ◽  
Qiang Xia ◽  
Demetre Daskalakis ◽  
Sarah L. Braunstein
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Experiential and Real-World Learning for Teachers in the Billion Oyster Project and Curriculum and Community Enterprise (BOP-CCERS) for the Restoration of New York Harbor with New York City Public Schools Program

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Lauren B. Birney ◽  
Joyce Kong ◽  
Brian R. Evans ◽  
Samantha Ceritelli ◽  
Macey Danker
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Science Teachers ◽  
Real World ◽  
York City ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
School Students ◽  
Public School Students ◽  
Oyster Restoration

The Billion Oyster Project and Curriculum and Community Enterprise for the Restoration of New York Harbor withNew York City Public Schools (BOP-CCERS) seeks to integrate harbor restoration activities with science teachers inorder to provide their students with experiential learning through environmental impact in New York City with thevision that public school students in New York City can benefit from environmental science and experiential learningwork through authentic research, data collection, and experimentation. The purpose is to engage science teachers withexperiential learning opportunities in the New York Harbor that helps them create engaging lessons for their ownstudents. It was found that teachers responded most positively to workshops that included hands-on activities,specifically the oyster restoration station trainings, classroom oyster tank setups and activities with scientists. Teachersreported that the BOP-CCERS program prepared them to support student learning of the program content and scientificresearch activities. Students who engage in real-world science are more likely to see the relevance of science and seethemselves working toward a career pathway in STEM.

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