scholarly journals Neurological, neuropsychiatric and psychiatric symptoms during COVID-19 infection and after recovery: a systematic review of observational studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Stavrou ◽  
Solomis Solomou ◽  
Anthousa Kythreotou ◽  
Antreas Ioannou ◽  
Eva Lioutas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Intravenous Immunoglobulins ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Asian Ethnicity ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Psychiatric Manifestations

Background The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes a wide spectrum of disease severity. Initial manifestations include fever, dry cough, and constitutional symptoms, which may progress to respiratory disease. There may also be neurological and psychiatric manifestations, involving both the central and peripheral nervous system. Methods We performed a literature search of the databases PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library and Web of Science for observational studies reporting neurological, psychiatric, and neuropsychiatric effects of COVID-19. This was followed by a narrative synthesis to summarise the data and discuss neuropsychiatric associations, symptom severity, management, and recovery. Findings The most frequently reported neurological symptoms were ageusia, hyposmia/anosmia, dizziness, headache, and loss of consciousness. Statistically significant relationships were noted between Asian ethnicity and peripheral neuropathy (p=0.0001) and neuro-syndromic symptoms (p=0.001). ITU admission was found to have a statistically significant relationship with male sex (p=0.024). Depression and anxiety were also identified both during and after infection. The most frequent treatments used were intravenous immunoglobulins, followed by antibiotics, antivirals, and hydroxychloroquine; with mean treatment duration of 6 days. Interpretation Various neuropsychiatric symptoms have been associated with COVID-19 infection. More studies are required to further our knowledge in the management of neurological and psychiatric symptoms during and after COVID-19 infection

“organic Personality Disorder” as Part of Early Neuropsychiatric Manifestations in Huntington’s Disease - a Case Report

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
J. Maia
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Autosomal Dominant Disorder ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Manifestations ◽  
Psychiatric Manifestations

Huntington's Disease (HD) is an inherited autosomal dominant disorder characterized by motor, cognitive and psychiatric symptomatology, being considered a paradigmatic neuropsychiatric disorder that includes all three components of the "Triadic Syndromes": dyskinesia, dementia and depression.Firstly described in 1872 as an "Hereditary Chorea" by George Huntington only in 1993 was its responsible gene identified. A person who inherits the HD gene will sooner or later develop the disease. the age of onset, early signs and rate of disease progression vary greatly from person to person.Neuropsychiatric symptoms are an integral part of HD and have been considered the earliest markers of the disease, presenting sometimes more than 10 years before a formal diagnosis is done. Patients may experience dysphoria, mood swings, agitation, irritability, hostile outbursts, psychotic symptoms and deep bouts of depression with suicidal ideation. Personality change is reported in 48% of the cases, with the paranoid subtype being described as the most prevalent. the clinical case presented illustrates a case of HD which started with insidious psychiatric symptoms and an important personality change.Despite a wide number of medications being prescribed to help control emotional, movement and behaviour problems, there is still no treatment to stop or reverse the course of the disease. Furthermore, psychiatric manifestations are often amenable to treatment, and relief of these symptoms may provide significant improvement in patient's and caregivers quality of life.A greater awarness of psychiatric manifestations of HD is essential to an earlier diagnosis and an optimized therapeutic approach.

scholarly journals The effect of eye protection on SARS-CoV-2 transmission: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oyungerel Byambasuren ◽  
Elaine Beller ◽  
Justin Clark ◽  
Peter Collignon ◽  
Paul Glasziou
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Eye Protection ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Studies ◽  
The One ◽  
General Populations ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Background: The effect of eye protection to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in the real-world remains uncertain. We aimed to synthesize all available research on the potential impact of eye protection on transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: We searched PROSPERO, PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library for clinical trials and comparative observational studies in CENTRAL, and Europe PMC for pre-prints. We included studies that reported sufficient data to estimate the effect of any form of eye protection including face shields and variants, goggles, and glasses, on subsequent confirmed infection with SARS-CoV-2. Findings: We screened 898 articles and included 6 reports of 5 observational studies from 4 countries (USA, India, Columbia, and United Kingdom) that tested face shields, googles and wraparound eyewear on 7567 healthcare workers. The three before-and-after and one retrospective cohort studies showed statistically significant and substantial reductions in SARS-CoV-2 infections favouring eye protection with odds ratios ranging from 0.04 to 0.6, corresponding to relative risk reductions of 96% to 40%. These reductions were not explained by changes in the community rates. However, the one case-control study reported odds ratio favouring no eye protection (OR 1.7, 95% CI 0.99, 3.0). The high heterogeneity between studies precluded any meaningful meta-analysis. None of the studies adjusted for potential confounders such as other protective behaviours, thus increasing the risk of bias, and decreasing the certainty of evidence to very low. Interpretation: Current studies suggest that eye protection may play a role in prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers. However, robust comparative trials are needed to clearly determine effectiveness of eye protections and wearability issues in both healthcare and general populations.

scholarly journals The efficacy and safety of bamlanivimab treatment against COVID-19: A meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huairong Xiang ◽  
Bei He ◽  
Yun Li ◽  
Xuan Cheng ◽  
Qizhi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Positive Treatment ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Background: Bamlanivimab is routinely used in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in worldwide. We performed a meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy and safety of bamlanivimab treatment in patients with COVID-19. Methods: We searched articles from Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and MedRxiv between 30 January 2020 and August 5, 2021. We selected randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies with a control group to assess the efficiency of bamlanivimab in treating patients with COVID-19. Results: Our meta-analysis retrieved 3 RCTs and 7 cohort studies including 14461 patients. Bmlanivimab may help outpatients to prevent hospitalization or emergency department visit (RR 0.41 95%CI 0.29 to 0.58), reduce ICU admission (RR 0.47 95%CI 0.23 to 0.92) and mortality (RR 0.32 95%CI 0.13 to 0.77) from the disease. The combination of bamlanivimab and etesevimab may had a greater potential for positive treatment outcome. Conclusion: Bamlanivimab has demonstrated clinical efficacy on mild or moderate ill patients with COVID-19 to prevent hospitalization, reduce severity and mortality from the disease. Combinations of two or more monoclonal antibody increase the effect. Well-designed clinical trials to identify the clinical and biochemical characteristics in COVID-19 patients'population that could benefit from bamlanivimab are warranted in the future.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency Increases the Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Guo-Tao Pan ◽  
Zeng-Li Zhang ◽  
Shasha Tao
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most prominent pathological microvascular complications in diabetes. A series of studies reported that vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased prevalence of retinopathy in diabetic patients but the results were inconsistent. In this study we focused on evaluating the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and DR by conducting a meta-analysis of observational studies. Methods: Systematic computerized searches were performed in PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library for relevant original articles till November 20, 2016. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the associated value of vitamin D deficiency to the risk of DR. 9 studies including 6332 participants were subjected to final analysis. Results: The results indicated that vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of DR (OR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.32-1.87) with a little heterogeneity (I2 = 23%). In addition, the subgroup analysis demonstrated that there were obvious heterogeneities in T2DM (I2 = 47.8%). Sensitivity analysis showed that the results were relatively stable and reliable. Conclusion: our meta-analysis demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency could increase the risk of DR.

scholarly journals Use of Antibiotics and Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fausto Petrelli ◽  
Michele Ghidini ◽  
Antonio Ghidini ◽  
Gianluca Perego ◽  
Mary Cabiddu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cancer Occurrence ◽  
Incident Cancer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

The association between antibiotic use and risk of cancer development is unclear, and clinical trials are lacking. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to assess the association between antibiotic use and risk of cancer. PubMed, the Cochrane Library and EMBASE were searched from inception to 24 February 2019 for studies reporting antibiotic use and subsequent risk of cancer. We included observational studies of adult subjects with previous exposure to antibiotics and available information on incident cancer diagnoses. For each of the eligible studies, data were collected by three reviewers. Risk of cancer was pooled to provide an adjusted odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The primary outcome was the risk of developing cancer in ever versus non-antibiotic users. Cancer risk’s association with antibiotic intake was evaluated among 7,947,270 participants (n = 25 studies). Overall, antibiotic use was an independent risk factor for cancer occurrence (OR 1.18, 95%CI 1.12–1.24, p < 0.001). The risk was especially increased for lung cancer (OR 1.29, 95%CI 1.03–1.61, p = 0.02), lymphomas (OR 1.31, 95%CI 1.13–1.51, p < 0.001), pancreatic cancer (OR 1.28, 95%CI 1.04–1.57, p = 0.019), renal cell carcinoma (OR 1.28, 95%CI 1.1–1.5, p = 0.001), and multiple myeloma (OR 1.36, 95%CI 1.18–1.56, p < 0.001). There is moderate evidence that excessive or prolonged use of antibiotics during a person’s life is associated with slight increased risk of various cancers. The message is potentially important for public health policies because minimizing improper antibiotic use within a program of antibiotic stewardship could also reduce cancer incidence.

scholarly journals Characterizing the features and course of psychiatric symptoms in children and adolescents with autoimmune encephalitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Rosello ◽  
B Girela-Serrano ◽  
S Gómez ◽  
B Baig ◽  
M Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Emotional Lability ◽  
Liaison Psychiatry ◽  
Paediatric Cohort ◽  
Psychiatric Manifestations

AbstractAutoimmune encephalitis (AE) can present like a psychiatric disorder. We aimed to illustrate the psychiatric manifestations, course and management of AE in a paediatric cohort. Neuropsychiatric symptoms, investigations and treatment were retrospectively retrieved in 16 patients (mean age 11.31, SD 2.98) with an AE diagnosis at the liaison psychiatry services in two UK tertiary paediatric centres. Psychiatric presentation was characterised by an acute polysymptomatic (predominantly agitation, anger outbursts/aggressiveness, hallucinations, and emotional lability) onset. Antipsychotics produced side effects and significant worsening of symptoms in four cases, and benzodiazepines were commonly used. This psychiatric phenotype should make clinicians suspect the diagnosis of AE and carefully consider use of treatments.

scholarly journals The Effect of Eye Protection on SARS-CoV-2 Transmission: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oyungerel Byambasuren ◽  
Elaine Beller ◽  
Justin Clark ◽  
Peter Collignon ◽  
Paul Glasziou
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Eye Protection ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Studies ◽  
The One ◽  
General Populations ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Abstract Background: The effect of eye protection to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in the real-world remains uncertain. We aimed to synthesize all available research on the potential impact of eye protection on transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: We searched PROSPERO, PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library for clinical trials and comparative observational studies in CENTRAL, and Europe PMC for pre-prints. We included studies that reported sufficient data to estimate the effect of any form of eye protection including face shields and variants, goggles, and glasses, on subsequent confirmed infection with SARS-CoV-2.Results: We screened 898 articles and included 6 reports of 5 observational studies from 4 countries (USA, India, Columbia, and United Kingdom) that tested face shields, goggles, and wraparound eyewear on 7567 healthcare workers. The three before-and-after and one retrospective cohort studies showed statistically significant and substantial reductions in SARS-CoV-2 infections favouring eye protection with odds ratios ranging from 0.04 to 0.6, corresponding to relative risk reductions of 96% to 40%. These reductions were not explained by changes in the community rates. However, the one case-control study reported odds ratio favouring no eye protection (OR 1.7, 95% CI 0.99, 3.0). The high heterogeneity between studies precluded any meaningful meta-analysis. None of the studies adjusted for potential confounders such as other protective behaviours, thus increasing the risk of bias, and decreasing the certainty of evidence to very low.Conclusions: Current studies suggest that eye protection may play a role in prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers. However, robust comparative trials are needed to clearly determine effectiveness of eye protections and wearability issues in both healthcare and general populations.

scholarly journals Correlations of Ezrin Expression with Pathological Characteristics and Prognosis of Osteosarcoma: A Meta-Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-Hang Zhao ◽  
Jiang Zhu ◽  
Wen-Bo Wang ◽  
Feng Dong ◽  
Qiao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Grade ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Pathological Characteristics ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Ezrin Expression ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Cochrane Library

We conducted a meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate the correlations of ezrin expression with pathological characteristics and the prognosis of osteosarcoma. The MEDLINE (1966–2013), the Cochrane Library Database, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science (1945–2013), and the Chinese Biomedical Database were searched without language restrictions. Meta-analyses conducted using STATA software were calculated. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria, including 459 patients with osteosarcoma. Meta-analysis results illustrated that ezrin expression may be closely associated with the recurrence of osteosarcoma or metastasis in osteosarcoma. Our findings also demonstrated that patients with grade III-IV osteosarcoma showed a higher frequency of ezrin expression than those with histological grade I-II osteosarcoma. Furthermore, we found that patients with positive expression of ezrin exhibited a shorter overall survival than those with negative ezrin expression. The results also indicated that positive ezrin expression was strongly correlated with poorer metastasis-free survival. Nevertheless, no significant relationships were observed between ezrin expression and clinical variables (age and gender). In the current meta-analysis, our results illustrated significant relationships of ezrin expression with pathological characteristics and prognosis of osteosarcoma. Thus, ezrin expression could be a promising marker in predicting the clinical outcome of patients with osteosarcoma.

Efficacy and Adverse Events of Intermittent Androgen Deprivation Therapy versus Continuos Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Localized and Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 6130-6135
Author(s):  
M. Gozali Arif ◽  
Rizal A. H Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Androgen Deprivation Therapy ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Androgen Deprivation ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Psa Progression ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Overall Mortality

To evaluate clinical data from published trials on efficacy and adverse events of intermittent androgen deprivation therapy (IAD) and continuous androgen deprivatin therapy (CAD). This study searched Medline, Sience direct and the Cochrane Library through August 2016 without year restriction but only english journal were included suplemented using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Guidelines. Result: 10 Studies were identified and up to 4403 patients were pooled. When compared to CAD, IAD was not statistically difference in term of overall mortality and 3 years PSA progression. But when compared to CAD, IAD was statistically better than CAD in the term reduce pain burden. Conclusions: This study conclude that the efficacy between CAD and IAD was not significant different. IAD is better to minimize pain as adverse events than CAD.

Monocusp Valves Do Not Improve Early Operative Mortality in Tetralogy of Fallot: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 619-624
Author(s):  
Mark N. Awori ◽  
Jonathan A. Awori ◽  
Nikita P. Mehta ◽  
Obed Makori
Keyword(s):  
Tetralogy Of Fallot ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Operative Mortality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Tetralogy Of Fallot Repair

Monocusp valves are thought to reduce early operative mortality and morbidity associated with pediatric tetralogy of Fallot repair. As there are no published randomized clinical trials comparing outcomes with and without a monocusp valve, we performed a meta-analysis of observational studies in accordance with established protocols. After systematically searching PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, 12 studies were included. The operative mortality was compared in 695 patients, and we found no difference between patients with and patients without a monocusp valve. Monocusp valves may not improve operative mortality of tetralogy of Fallot repair in pediatric patients.

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