scholarly journals A local insulin reservoir ensures developmental progression in condition of nutrient shortage in Drosophila

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhrid Ghosh ◽  
Weihua Leng ◽  
Michaela Wilsch-Brauninger ◽  
Pierre Leopold ◽  
Suzanne Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Alpha Cell ◽  
Prothoracic Gland ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Developmental Progression ◽  
Food Conditions ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Early Developmental

Insulin/IGF signalling (IIS) controls many aspects of development and physiology. In Drosophila, a conserved family of insulin-like peptides (Ilp) is produced by brain neurosecretory cells and exerts systemic functions. Here, we describe the local uptake and storage of Ilps in the Corpora Cardiaca (CC), a group of alpha cell homolog that produces the glucagon-like hormone AKH. Dilp uptake relies on the expression of Impl2, an IGF-BP that accumulates in the CCs. During nutrient shortage, this specific reserve of Ilps is released and activates IIS in a paracrine manner in the prothoracic gland, securing accelerated entry into pupal development through the production of the steroid hormone ecdysone. We therefore uncover a sparing mechanism whereby local Ilp storage and release activates the production of steroids and ensures early developmental progression in adverse food conditions.

scholarly journals Ecdysone regulates the Drosophila imaginal disc epithelial barrier, determining the length of regeneration checkpoint delay

Development ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 148 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle DaCrema ◽  
Rajan Bhandari ◽  
Faith Karanja ◽  
Ryunosuke Yano ◽  
Adrian Halme
Keyword(s):  
Imaginal Disc ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Prothoracic Gland ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Septate Junctions ◽  
Barrier Permeability ◽  
The Third ◽  
Developmental Progression ◽  
Relaxin Family ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT Regeneration of Drosophila imaginal discs, larval precursors to adult tissues, activates a regeneration checkpoint that coordinates regenerative growth with developmental progression. This regeneration checkpoint results from the release of the relaxin-family peptide Dilp8 from regenerating imaginal tissues. Secreted Dilp8 protein is detected within the imaginal disc lumen, in which it is separated from its receptor target Lgr3, which is expressed in the brain and prothoracic gland, by the disc epithelial barrier. Here, we demonstrate that following damage the imaginal disc epithelial barrier limits Dilp8 signaling and the duration of regeneration checkpoint delay. We also find that the barrier becomes increasingly impermeable to the transepithelial diffusion of labeled dextran during the second half of the third instar. This change in barrier permeability is driven by the steroid hormone ecdysone and correlates with changes in localization of Coracle, a component of the septate junctions that is required for the late-larval impermeable epithelial barrier. Based on these observations, we propose that the imaginal disc epithelial barrier regulates the duration of the regenerative checkpoint, providing a mechanism by which tissue function can signal the completion of regeneration.

scholarly journals Bombyx prothoracicostatic peptides activate the sex peptide receptor to regulate ecdysteroid biosynthesis

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 2060-2065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Yamanaka ◽  
Yue-Jin Hua ◽  
Ladislav Roller ◽  
Ivana Spalovská-Valachová ◽  
Akira Mizoguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression System ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Neuroendocrine System ◽  
Prothoracic Gland ◽  
Heterologous Expression System ◽  
Peptide Receptor ◽  
Sex Peptide ◽  
Ecdysteroid Biosynthesis ◽  
High Level ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Insect molting and metamorphosis are induced by steroid hormones named ecdysteroids, whose production is regulated by various neuropeptides. We cloned the gene and analyzed the expression of the prothoracicostatic peptide, a unique neuropeptide shown to suppress the production of ecdysteroids in the prothoracic gland of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. We also characterized a Bombyx G protein-coupled receptor, which has previously been identified as an ortholog of the Drosophila sex peptide receptor, as a functional prothoracicostatic peptide receptor. This receptor responded specifically to the prothoracicostatic peptides when examined using a heterologous expression system. The receptor was highly expressed in the prothoracic gland on the day before each larval and pupal ecdysis, when prothoracicostatic peptides are synthesized at a high level in the epiproctodeal glands. These results suggest that the sex peptide receptor functions as a prothoracicostatic peptide receptor in Bombyx and that the peripheral neurosecretory cells as well as the central neuroendocrine system play stage-specific roles in regulating ecdysteroidogenesis.

The Stomodaeal Nervous System, Neurosecretion, and Related Endocrine and Nervous Structures in Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae)

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 105-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Burgess ◽  
J. G. Rempel
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Prothoracic Gland ◽  
Neurosecretory Material ◽  
Purple Colour ◽  
Aldehyde Fuchsin ◽  
The Common

This exhibit represents some portions of a study of the stomodaeal nervous system, neurosecretory cells, corpora allata, corpora cardiaca, and prothoracic gland cells in post-embryonic stages of Aedes aegypti (L.), the yellow fever mosquito. Some of these structures share the common property of being involved in the production of hormones.Mosquitoes were reared under standard conditions. Larvae, pupae and adults were fixed at timed intervals in histological fixatives. Sectioned specimens were stained in Gomori's aldehyde-fuchsin, Gomori's chrome-haematoxyh-phloxin and other stains. The aldehyde-fuchsin technique, which imparted a bright purple colour to neurosecretory material, was particularly useful. Vita1 staining with methylene blue was used to trace the stomodaeal nervous system

Purification and characteristics of the chloride transport stimulating factor from locust corpora cardiaca: a new peptide

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1851-1860 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Phillips ◽  
W. Mordue ◽  
J. Meredith ◽  
J. Spring
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Transport ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Corpora cardiaca (CC), cAMP, and hemolymph all increase short-circuit current (Isc) and electropotential difference (PD) across locust rectum by stimulating electrogenic transport of Cl− from the lumen. Using ΔIsc as a bioassay, we have purified the water-soluble stimulant (CTSH) from CC using gel filtration chromatography, DEAE-Sephadex anion exchange, cellulose acetate electrophoresis, and thin-layer chromatography. A single peak of CTSH activity was observed after all these procedures, although small amounts of CTSH activity occasionally remained in the high molecular weight (MW) protein precipitate. CTSH was purified more than 100-fold on Bio-Gel P-30 columns. It has a MW of 8 000 – 12 000, is destroyed by trypsin digestion, and has a net negative charge over the pH range (5–10) at which it is most stable. Various properties (i.e., stability at 20 °C, localization in CC, MW, Rf values) and reciprocal bioassay s indicate that CTSH is different from diuretic, antidiuretic, and adipokinetic hormones from locust CC. No difference in the properties of CTSH from glandular (GL) and storage lobes (SL) of CC were noted, although 80% of activity was in the SL. The concentration of purified CTSH required to cause maximal stimulation of rectal Isc is less than 7 nM.

The effect of feeding on the cerebral neurosecretory system of the adult male tsetse, Glossina austeni Newst

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 1988-1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Grossman ◽  
K. G. Davey
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Neurosecretory System ◽  
Neurosecretory Material ◽  
Corpus Cardiacum ◽  
Pars Intercerebralis ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Glossina Austeni ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

An analysis of the intensity of staining of the corpus cardiacum and of the neurosecretorty cells of the pars intercerebralis in 3-day-old fed or fasting adult male tsetse has revealed two periods of apparent release of neurosecretion. In fed males, stainable neurosecretion disappears from 14 of the 20 recognizable neurosecretory cells within 10 min of the termination of feeding. There is always less neurosecretory material in the corpora cardiaca of fed males. Secondly, there is an indication of a depletion of material from the cardiaca of both fed and fasted males at about 1700 hours EST.

THE STOMODAEAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, THE NEUROSECRETORY SYSTEM, AND THE GLAND COMPLEX IN AEDES AEGYPTI (L.) (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Burgess ◽  
J. G. Rempel
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Prothoracic Gland ◽  
Neurosecretory System ◽  
Endocrine Gland ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The stomodaeal nervous system in Aedes aegypti (L.) possesses a frontal, a hypocerebral, and two ventricular ganglia. It innervates parts of the alimentary tract and some muscles of ingestion, and it has associated with it certain motor nerves from the central nervous system, and sensory nerves. In larvae these sensory nerves originate from tactile head hairs, and from sensilla on the epipharyngeal apparatus. The neurosecretory system is generally similar to that in other insects. The pars intercerebralis contains three paired groups of neurosecretory cells, with axons from one pair leading to the dorsal mass, a structure fused to the hypocerebral ganglion. Evidence suggests that the dorsal mass functionally corresponds to part of the corpus cardiacum of other insects. However, what seem to be cardiacum cells are located some distance away in two groups in the endocrine gland complex in the thorax. The corpora allata, also contained in this complex, can first be recognized as distinct organs early in the third instar. In the corpora allata of adult females, cell division and an increase in the amount of cytoplasm occur soon after emergence, rather than after a blood meal. When adult females are about 1 day old, vacuoles begin to develop in the corpora allata. Cells in the gland complex corresponding to the prothoracic gland cells begin to histolyze in the pupa, and most of them are completely broken down before adults are 1 day old.

scholarly journals Nitric oxide regulates growth coordination during regeneration

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Jaszczak ◽  
Jacob B. Wolpe ◽  
Anh Q. Dao ◽  
Adrian Halme
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Prothoracic Gland ◽  
Growth Status ◽  
Developmental Progression ◽  
Relaxin Family ◽  
Dependent Growth ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Mechanisms that coordinate the growth of different tissues during development are essential for producing adult animals with proper organ proportion. Here we describe a pathway through which tissues communicate with each other to coordinate growth. DuringDrosophila melanogasterlarval development, damage to imaginal discs activates a regeneration checkpoint that produces both a delay in developmental timing and slows the growth of undamaged tissues, coordinating regeneration of the damaged tissue with developmental progression and overall growth. Both developmental delay and growth control are mediated by secretion of the insulin/relaxin family peptide Dilp8 from regenerating tissues. Here we demonstrate that Dilp8-dependent growth coordination between regenerating and undamaged tissues, but not developmental delay, requires the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the prothoracic gland. NOS limits the growth of undamaged tissues by reducing ecdysone biosynthesis, a requirement for imaginal disc growth during both the regenerative checkpoint and normal development. Therefore, NOS activity in the prothoracic gland translates information about the growth status of individual tissues into coordinated tissue growth through the regulation of endocrine signals.

Activity of the Corpora Allata during Pupal Diapause in Mimas tiliae (Lepidoptera)

1958 ◽  
Vol s3-99 (46) ◽  
pp. 171-180
Author(s):  
K.C. HIGHNAM
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Histological Observation ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Pupal Diapause ◽  
The Brain

Histological observation indicates that the corpora allata of Mimas tiliae are secretory during pupal diapause, but become inactive by the end of the low-temperature period which terminates diapause. Removal of the corpora allata, together with the corpora cardiaca, from the diapausing pupa increases the thickness of the hypodermis and decreases the number of fat-body inclusions (compared with operated controls), but does not result in any visible signs of diapause break. The oxygen uptake of the pupa increases by about 60% by the end of the low-temperature period, compared with the diapausing pupa. It is probable that the corpora allata play some part in the maintenance of diapause, possibly by exercising some control over the fat-body metabolism. This role is subservient to that of the neurosecretory cells in the brain, together with their associated corpora cardiaca.

THE NEUROENDOCRINE ORGANS OF LARVAE OF NEODIPRION LECONTEI, N. SWAINEI, AND DIPRION HERCYNIAE (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE)

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 725-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Hinks
Keyword(s):  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Corpus Allatum ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Neodiprion Lecontei ◽  
Lateral Organs ◽  
Segmental Nerve ◽  
Endocrine Organs ◽  
Neuroendocrine Organs ◽  
The Brain

AbstractLarvae and eonymphs of the diprionid sawflies Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch), Neodiprion swainei Midd., and Diprion hercyniae (Htg.) were dissected and stained to demonstrate the nervous system and endocrine organs. Morphologically and anatomically the endocrine organs in both larvae and eonymphs of all three species are very similar. The cephalic structures comprise lateral and medial neurosecretory cells in the brain which discharge their secretions through a single pair of nerves (NCC) to the corpora cardiaca. The NCC divide before they enter the corpora cardiaca sending a branch to the corresponding corpus allatum. No other nervous connections with these organs are apparent.Paired neurohaemal organs occur in each thoracic segment, forming distinct dilations on slender nerves arising from the ventral cord connectives. They receive secretions from groups of lateral neurosecretory cells in the thoracic ganglia.Each abdominal ganglion has three neurohaemal organs associated with it, a single small spherical structure antero-medially, and paired lateral organs of a diffuse structure, overlying the base of each segmental nerve. They are less conspicuous than the thoracic organs and have different staining properties.

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