scholarly journals Disordered climate threatens short-distance migrants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haile YANG ◽  
Luxian Yu ◽  
Hongfang Qi ◽  
Shengyun Fu ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Gymnocypris Przewalskii ◽  
Climate Events ◽  
Local Extreme

Global climate change has led to a warmer world, changing the migratory and breeding behaviors of many species, and short-distance migrants may benefit from climate change. With climate change leading to an increasingly disordered climate, we show here that a disordered spring climate disturbs the migration and breeding of a short-distance anadromous fish. In 2020, on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, an abnormally low temperature in April delayed the migration rhythm of Gymnocypris przewalskii by nearly 10 days, while the gonadal development rhythm of the breeding population was almost normal. The phenology mismatch decreased the migrating populations by 30% - 70%, reducing the larval flux by nearly 80%. This case reveals that for short-distance migrants, different phenologies within the same species respond to disordered climates differently, which leads to phenology mismatches and then threatens the species. Along with increasing local extreme weather and climate events, short-distance migrants need more attention and conservation actions.

scholarly journals Disordered Climate Threatens Short-Distance Migrants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haile Yang ◽  
Luxian Yu ◽  
Hongfang Qi ◽  
Shengyun Fu ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Anadromous Fish ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Gymnocypris Przewalskii ◽  
Warming World ◽  
Climate Events

Abstract In the global warming world, the migratory and breeding behaviors of many species have changed, and short-distance migrants may benefit from climate change. With climate change leading to an increasingly disordered climate, we show here that a disordered spring climate disturbs the migration and breeding of a short-distance anadromous fish. In 2020, on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, an abnormally low temperature in April delayed the migration rhythm of Gymnocypris przewalskii by nearly 10 days, while the gonadal development rhythm of the breeding population was almost normal. The phenology mismatch decreased the migrating populations by 30–70%, reducing the larval flux by nearly 80%. This case reveals that for short-distance migrants, different phenologies within the same species respond to disordered climates differently, which leads to phenology mismatches and then threatens the species. Along with increasing local abnormal climate events, short-distance migrants need more attention and conservation actions.

scholarly journals Paesaggi d’acqua in territori fragili

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Maria Biddau ◽  
Gianfranco Sanna ◽  
Silvia Serreli
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Environmental Disasters ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Climate Events

Environmental disasters and the high degree of exposure of cities to these risks are well known. What is evident is the close relationship between these disasters and urban transformations generated by sectoral approaches to landscape design that have made territories more vulnerable to extreme weather and climate events. With the aim of creating an open and sustainable spatial plan, the case study outlined in this article is intended as an approach to climate adaptation, even though in Sardinia the connection between climate change and flood risk has not been studied in depth and the evidence of this connection has not yet emerged.

scholarly journals Non-quantitative knowledge about global warming: a trip to Antarctica

2008 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. C04
Author(s):  
Andrea Polli
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
National Science Foundation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
National Science ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
The Antarctic

Despite the developed world’s climate-controlled interiors and easy access to all kinds of fresh produce at any time of year, our lives are still dependent upon the weather and climate. With global warming, our dependence is becoming even more apparent. I am an artist working with new technologies and last year I had the opportunity to go to Antarctica for two months on a US National Science Foundation-sponsored residency where I worked alongside scientists studying the global implications of Antarctic weather and climate change. The Antarctic is unlike any other place on earth. There, I wanted to find a way to more closely engage with the issue of global climate change.

scholarly journals Threats of Global Climate Change: A Review of the Driver to Multiples Environmental Degradation, Human Right Injustice and Unsustainable Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ayuk Macbert Nkongho ◽  
Cherabe Nchomba George
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
The Face ◽  
Combat Climate Change ◽  
Management And Conservation

As we embrace the new millennium of the 21st century, the threats to the environment are unprecedented. However, none of these threats is as immense as global warming. Environmental management and conservation actions are floundering in the face of climate change as the latter poses a complex, bewildering array of impacts to the environment particularly on the state, individuals, communities, and cultures, as well as on natural resources (land, water, and air). Because of this, there is the need for the protection and promotion of climate change justice. The problem facing policy-makers and environmental stakeholders is how to plan within the context of global warming and to implement strategies for increasing the resistance and resilience of the environment to climate change impacts. This is because climate change is an issue of reality and is seemingly difficult to understand and to be plan for. It is, therefore, vital that a justice-centered approach is adopted to combat climate change. This article, therefore, seeks to analyze the causes and impacts of climate change, designs strategies and recommendations which is hope to address the adverse effects of climate change on human rights and the environment.

An Initialized Attribution Method for Extreme Events on Subseasonal to Seasonal Time-Scales

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-53
Author(s):  
Guomin Wang ◽  
Pandora Hope ◽  
Eun-Pa Lim ◽  
Harry H Hendon ◽  
Julie M Arblaster
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Events ◽  
Extreme Event ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Extreme ◽  
Weather Extremes ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Heat Event ◽  
Climate Events ◽  
Historical Levels

AbstractWhen record-breaking climate and weather extremes occur, decision-makers and planners want to know whether they are random natural events with historical levels of re-occurrence or are reflective of an altered frequency or intensity as a result of climate change. This paper describes a method to attribute extreme weather and climate events to observed increases in atmospheric CO2 using an initialized sub-seasonal to seasonal coupled global climate prediction system. Application of this method provides quantitative estimates of the contribution arising from increases in the level of atmospheric CO2 to individual weather and climate extreme events. Using a coupled sub-seasonal to seasonal forecast system differs from other methods because it has the merit of being initialized with the observed conditions and subsequently reproducing the observed events and their mechanisms. This can aid understanding when the reforecasts with and without enhanced CO2 are compared and communicated to a general audience. Atmosphere-ocean interactions are accounted for. To illustrate the method, we attribute the record Australian heat event of October 2015. We find that about half of the October 2015 Australia-wide temperature anomaly is due to the increase in atmospheric CO2 since 1960. This method has the potential to provide attribution statements for forecast events within an outlook period, i.e. before they occur. This will allow for informed messaging to be available as required when an extreme event occurs, which is of particular use to weather and climate services.

Climate change threatens micro-endemic amphibians of an important South American high-altitude center of endemism

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier M. Cordier ◽  
Julián N. Lescano ◽  
Natalia E. Ríos ◽  
Gerardo C. Leynaud ◽  
Javier Nori
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
South American ◽  
Ecological Niche Models ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Mountain System ◽  
Conservation Actions

Abstract Species inhabiting broad altitudinal gradients are particularly exposed to the effects of global climate change (GCC). Those species reaching mountain tops are the most negatively affected. Here, using ecological niche models we estimated the climate change exposure of endemic amphibians of the most important extra-Andean mountain system of Argentina: the Sierras Pampeanas Centrales. Our results pinpoint that micro-endemic amphibians of this mountain system are heavily exposed to the effects of GCC, with important constraints of suitable climatic conditions for the six analyzed species. Among the most important findings, our models predict a high probability of a total disappearance of suitable climatic conditions for two of the species, currently restricted to mountain tops. This high exposure, in synergy with their very restricted ranges, and other important human induced threats (as fish invasion and emergent diseases), pose a serious threat to these endemic species, which can enter into the “extinction pathway” in a near future if no concrete conservation actions are taken. Our findings provide additional evidence of the great negative impact of GCC in high-altitude centers of endemism.

scholarly journals Extreme weather and climate events with ecological relevance: a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1723) ◽  
pp. 20160135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline C. Ummenhofer ◽  
Gerald A. Meehl
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Event Attribution ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Climate Events

Robust evidence exists that certain extreme weather and climate events, especially daily temperature and precipitation extremes, have changed in regard to intensity and frequency over recent decades. These changes have been linked to human-induced climate change, while the degree to which climate change impacts an individual extreme climate event (ECE) is more difficult to quantify. Rapid progress in event attribution has recently been made through improved understanding of observed and simulated climate variability, methods for event attribution and advances in numerical modelling. Attribution for extreme temperature events is stronger compared with other event types, notably those related to the hydrological cycle. Recent advances in the understanding of ECEs, both in observations and their representation in state-of-the-art climate models, open new opportunities for assessing their effect on human and natural systems. Improved spatial resolution in global climate models and advances in statistical and dynamical downscaling now provide climatic information at appropriate spatial and temporal scales. Together with the continued development of Earth System Models that simulate biogeochemical cycles and interactions with the biosphere at increasing complexity, these make it possible to develop a mechanistic understanding of how ECEs affect biological processes, ecosystem functioning and adaptation capabilities. Limitations in the observational network, both for physical climate system parameters and even more so for long-term ecological monitoring, have hampered progress in understanding bio-physical interactions across a range of scales. New opportunities for assessing how ECEs modulate ecosystem structure and functioning arise from better scientific understanding of ECEs coupled with technological advances in observing systems and instrumentation. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Behavioural, ecological and evolutionary responses to extreme climatic events’.

scholarly journals Coral distribution and bleaching vulnerability areas in Southwestern Atlantic under ocean warming

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Bleuel ◽  
Maria Grazia Pennino ◽  
Guilherme O. Longo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Southwestern Atlantic ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Coral Communities ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
High Emission ◽  
High Emission Scenario

AbstractGlobal climate change is a major threat to reefs by increasing the frequency and severity of coral bleaching events over time, reducing coral cover and diversity. Ocean warming may cause shifts in coral communities by increasing temperatures above coral’s upper thermal limits in tropical regions, and by making extratropical regions (marginal reefs) more suitable and potential refugia. We used Bayesian models to project coral occurrence, cover and bleaching probabilities in Southwestern Atlantic and predicted how these probabilities will change under a high-emission scenario (RCP8.5). By overlapping these projections, we categorized areas that combine high probabilities of coral occurrence, cover and bleaching as vulnerability-hotspots. Current coral occurrence and cover probabilities were higher in the tropics (1°S–20°S) but both will decrease and shift to new suitable extratropical reefs (20°S–27°S; tropicalization) with ocean warming. Over 90% of the area present low and mild vulnerability, while the vulnerability-hotspots represent ~ 3% under current and future scenarios, but include the most biodiverse reef complex in South Atlantic (13°S–18°S; Abrolhos Bank). As bleaching probabilities increase with warming, the least vulnerable areas that could act as potential refugia are predicted to reduce by 50%. Predicting potential refugia and highly vulnerable areas can inform conservation actions to face climate change.

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