scholarly journals Recent COVID-19 vaccination has minimal effects on the physiological responses to graded exercise in physically active healthy people

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Batatinha ◽  
Forrest L. Baker ◽  
Kyle A Smith ◽  
Tiffany M. Zúñiga ◽  
Charles Richard Pedlar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Vaccine Regimen ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Neuroendocrine Responses ◽  
To Receive

Athletes are advised to receive the COVID-19 vaccination to protect them from SARS CoV-2 infection during major competitions. Despite this, many athletes are reluctant to get the COVID-19 vaccine due to concerns that symptoms of vaccinosis may impair athletic performance. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of COVID-19 vaccination on the physiological responses to graded exercise. METHODS: Healthy physically active participants completed a 20-minute bout of graded cycling exercise at intensities corresponding to 50, 60, 70 and 80% of the pre-determined V̇O2max before and ~21 days after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine (2 dose Pfizer mRNA or 1 dose Johnson&Johnson). RESULTS: Vaccination had no effect on a large number of physiological responses to exercise measured in blood (e.g. lactate, epinephrine, cortisol) and by respiratory gas exchange (e.g. oxygen uptake, CO2 production, ventilation, respiratory exchange ratio, predicted V̇O2max, ventilatory threshold) (p>0.05). We did, however, find significant elevations in heart rate (~5 bpm) and norepinephrine (p = 0.006 and 0.04, respectively) in response to vigorous (e.g. 70-80% V̇O2max) intensity exercise after vaccination, particularly in those that received the two shot Pfizer mRNA vaccine regimen. These findings held true when compared to demographically matched controls who completed identical bouts of exercise several weeks apart without receiving a vaccine. CONCLUSION: Recent COVID-19 vaccination has minimal effects on the physiological responses to graded exercise in physically active healthy people. The small elevations in cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to exercise after the Pfizer mRNA vaccine regimen could have implications for athletes at the elite level and warrants investigation.

scholarly journals Recent COVID-19 vaccination is associated with modest increases in the physiological demands to graded exercise

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Batatinha ◽  
Forrest L. Baker ◽  
Kyle A. Smith ◽  
Tiffany M. Zúñiga ◽  
Charles R. Pedlar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Vaccine Trial ◽  
Serum Lactate ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Physiological Demands

AbstractAthletes are advised to receive the COVID-19 vaccination to protect them from SARS CoV-2 infection during major competitions. Despite this, many athletes are reluctant to get the COVID-19 vaccine due to concerns that symptoms of vaccinosis may impair athletic performance.OBJECTIVETo determine the effects of COVID-19 vaccination on the physiological responses to graded exercise.METHODSHealthy participants completed a 20-minute bout of graded cycling exercise before and ~21 days after COVID-19 vaccination (2 dose Pfizer mRNA or 1 dose Johnson & Johnson).RESULTSOxygen uptake, CO2 production, respiratory exchange ratio, ventilation, heart rate, serum noradrenaline, and rating of perceived exertion were significantly elevated in the post vaccine trial. However, vaccination did not affect serum lactate, adrenaline, cortisol, predicted , and ventilatory threshold. Post-vaccine effects on heart rate and noradrenaline remained significant in non-infected participants that received the Pfizer vaccine. No significant effects in respiratory gas exchange parameters were found after vaccination in those previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2, but exercise adrenaline levels were significantly lower and serum lactate levels trending (p= 0.10) lower after vaccination. No changes in any physiological responses to exercise were found in control participants who completed two bouts of exercise separated by ~5 weeks without vaccination.CONCLUSIONRecent COVID-19 vaccination is associated with modest increases in the physiological demands to graded exercise in non-infected healthy people but may actually improve metabolic responses to exercise in those previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Whether or not these small effects could impact athletic performance at the elite level warrants investigation.

scholarly journals Influence of Menstrual Cycle Estradiol-β-17 Fluctuations on Energy Substrate Utilization-Oxidation during Aerobic, Endurance Exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7209
Author(s):  
Hannah N. Willett ◽  
Kristen J. Koltun ◽  
Anthony C. Hackney
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Energy Substrate ◽  
Fat Utilization

This study examined the effect of estradiol-β-17 across the menstrual cycle (MC) during aerobic exercise on energy substrate utilization and oxidation. Thirty-two eumenorrheic (age = 22.4 ± 3.8 y (mean ± SD)), physically active women participated in two steady-state running sessions at 65% of VO2max, one during the early follicular and one during the luteal phase of the MC. Blood samples were collected at rest before each exercise session and analyzed for Estradiol-β-17 to confirm the MC phase. Carbohydrate (CHO) utilization and oxidation values were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the luteal (utilization: 51.6 ± 16.7%; oxidation: 1.22 ± 0.56 g/min; effect size (ES) = 0.45, 0.27) than follicular phase (utilization: 58.2 ± 15.1%; oxidation: 1.38 ± 0.60 g/min) exercise sessions. Conversely, fat utilization and oxidation values were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the luteal (utilization: 48.4 ± 16.7%; oxidation: 0.49 ± 0.19 g/min; ES = 0.45,0.28) than follicular phase (utilization: 41.8 ± 15.1%; oxidation: 0.41 ± 0.14 g/min). Estradiol-β-17 concentrations were significantly (p < 0.01) greater during the luteal (518.5 ± 285.4 pmol/L; ES = 0.75) than follicular phase (243.8 ± 143.2 pmol/L). Results suggest a greater use of fat and reduced amount of CHO usage during the luteal versus follicular phase, directly related to the change in resting estradiol-β-17. Future research should investigate the role these changes may play in female athletic performance.

scholarly journals Influence of COVID-19 Restrictions on Training and Physiological Characteristics in U23 Elite Cyclists

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Peter Leo ◽  
Iñigo Mujika ◽  
Justin Lawley
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Physiological Performance ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Power Outputs ◽  
Elite Cyclists

PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated mobility restrictions caused many athletes to adjust or reduce their usual training load. The aim of this study was to investigate how the COVID-19 restrictions affected training and performance physiology measures in U23 elite cyclists. METHODS: Twelve U23 elite cyclists (n = 12) participated in this study (mean ± SD: Age 21.2 ± 1.2 years; height 182.9 ± 4.7 cm; body mass 71.4 ± 6.5 kg). Training characteristics were assessed between 30 days pre, during, and post COVID-19 restrictions, respectively. The physiological assessment in the laboratory was 30 days pre and post COVID-19 restrictions and included maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), peak power output for sprint (SprintPmax), and ramp incremental graded exercise (GXTPmax), as well as power output at ventilatory threshold (VT) and respiratory compensation point (RCP). RESULTS: Training load characteristics before, during, and after the lockdown remained statistically unchanged (p > 0.05) despite large effects (>0.8) with mean reductions of 4.7 to 25.0% during COVID-19 restrictions. There were no significant differences in maximal and submaximal power outputs, as well as relative and absolute V̇O2max between pre and post COVID-19 restrictions (p > 0.05) with small to moderate effects. DISCUSSION: These results indicate that COVID-19 restrictions did not negatively affect training characteristics and physiological performance measures in U23 elite cyclists for a period of <30 days. In contrast with recent reports on professional cyclists and other elite level athletes, these findings reveal that as long as athletes are able to maintain and/or slightly adapt their training routine, physiological performance variables remain stable.

scholarly journals Physiological Responses and Predictors of Performance in a Simulated Competitive Ski Mountaineering Race

2021 ◽  
pp. 250-257
Author(s):  
Michael Lasshofer ◽  
John Seifert ◽  
Anna-Maria Wörndle ◽  
Thomas Stöggl
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Ramp Test ◽  
The Past ◽  
Treadmill Speed ◽  
And Performance

Competitive ski mountaineering (SKIMO) has achieved great popularity within the past years. However, knowledge about the predictors of performance and physiological response to SKIMO racing is limited. Therefore, 21 male SKIMO athletes split into two performance groups (elite: VO2max 71.2 ± 6.8 ml· min-1· kg-1 vs. sub-elite: 62.5 ± 4.7 ml· min-1· kg-1) were tested and analysed during a vertical SKIMO race simulation (523 m elevation gain) and in a laboratory SKIMO specific ramp test. In both cases, oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), blood lactate and cycle characteristics were measured. During the race simulation, the elite athletes were approximately 5 min faster compared with the sub-elite (27:15 ± 1:16 min; 32:31 ± 2:13 min; p < 0.001). VO2 was higher for elite athletes during the race simulation (p = 0.046) and in the laboratory test at ventilatory threshold 2 (p = 0.005) and at maximum VO2 (p = 0.003). Laboratory maximum power output is displayed as treadmill speed and was higher for elite than sub-elite athletes (7.4 ± 0.3 km h-1; 6.6 ± 0.3 km h-1; p < 0.001). Lactate values were higher in the laboratory maximum ramp test than in the race simulation (p < 0.001). Pearson’s correlation coefficient between race time and performance parameters was highest for velocity and VO2 related parameters during the laboratory test (r > 0.6). Elite athletes showed their superiority in the race simulation as well as during the maximum ramp test. While HR analysis revealed a similar strain to both cohorts in both tests, the superiority can be explainable by higher VO2 and power output. To further push the performance of SKIMO athletes, the development of named factors like power output at maximum and ventilatory threshold 2 seems crucial.

Strategic administration of an appeasing substance to improve performance and physiological responses of Bos indicus feedlot cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor G L Fonseca ◽  
Bruno I Cappellozza ◽  
Osvaldo A de Sousa ◽  
Manuella Sagawa ◽  
Bruna Rett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Skin Area ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Treatment Administration ◽  
To Receive

Abstract This study was designed to evaluate the timing of administration of the bovine appeasing substance (BAS) on performance and physiological responses of Bos indicus feedlot cattle. Nellore bulls (n = 100) were ranked by initial body weight (BW; 341 ± 18.5 kg) and assigned to receive BAS (n = 50) or placebo (CON; n = 50) on d -2 of the experiment. Treatments (5 mL) were applied topically to the nuchal skin area of each bull. Bulls were loaded into commercial livestock trailers immediately after treatment administration, transported for 880 km, and unloaded on d -1 at a commercial feedyard. On d 0, bulls within each treatment were again assigned to receive, in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, BAS or CON as previously described (25 bulls/treatment combination). Upon treatment administration on d 0, bulls were housed in 12 feedlot pens (3 pens/treatment) for a 108-d feeding period, which was divided into an adaptation (d 0 – 19), growing (d 20 – 60), and finishing (d 61 – 108) phases. Dry matter intake (DMI) was measured daily from d 0 to 108, whereas blood samples and hair from the tail switch were collected on d -2, 0, 19, 60, and 108. Administration of BAS prior to loading (d -2) improved ADG, FE, and DMI during adaptation and across the 108-d feeding period (P ≤ 0.08), resulting in greater (P = 0.03) hot carcass weight and dressing percentage upon slaughter on d 109. A treatment × day interaction was detected for serum glucose concentrations (P = 0.05), which was greater (P = 0.03) on d 60 of the feeding period in bulls receiving CON prior to loading. Administration of BAS at feedlot entry (d 0) improved DMI, ADG, and FE during adaptation (P ≤ 0.05), but it did not impact (P ≥ 0.18) performance and carcass traits during the 108-d feeding period. Bulls administered BAS prior to loading and at feedlot entry had less (P ≤ 0.05) mean serum cortisol concentrations across the 108-d feeding period (loading × feedlot entry interaction; P = 0.10), and greater (P ≤ 0.05) serum insulin concentration on d 60 (loading × feedlot entry × day interaction; P = 0.05). In summary, BAS administration prior to loading increased overall feedlot performance of Nellore bulls. These outcomes were noted in bulls that received or not a second BAS administration at feedlot entry, suggesting that the benefits of BAS are exploited when this substance is administered before transport to the feedlot.

Mobile app care utility: Patients and caregivers perception.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (28_suppl) ◽  
pp. 157-157
Author(s):  
Ingrid Oakley-Girvan ◽  
Reem Yunis ◽  
Elaine Kurtovich ◽  
Sara Aghaee ◽  
Ai Kubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile App ◽  
Emotional Wellbeing ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Care Outcomes ◽  
Digital Measurements ◽  
Specific Care ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
To Receive

157 Background: There is increasing appreciation for the insight provided by combining low-burden home-based remote digital measurements with patient and observer reported outcomes. In this study, we assessed perspectives of cancer patients and their caregivers on the utility of a mobile app combined with a smartwatch for collection of specific outcomes and to provide clinically actionable data. Methods: In a decentralized clinical trial we consented and enrolled (10/12/2020-4/30/2021) dyads that consisted of a cancer patient and their informal caregiver. All participants had to own an Apple iPhone 6 or higher. Patients were provided with an Apple watch 3 or 4 and downloaded a patient informed mobile app (DigiBioMarC). Caregivers only download a caregiver informed mobile app (TOGETHERCare). Participants were asked to use their respective app for 28 days during which time specific surveys and activity requests were delivered through the mobile app; digital measures of physical activity were collected via the smartwatch. At the end of the app usage period, questions were asked in a video interview about the patient and caregiver perspectives on use of their respective apps and what they believed could be impacted if their doctor were to receive the app information. Respondents could select Strongly Agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree, or Strongly Disagree. Results: Fifty-four dyads were enrolled; four were unable to continue due to a decline in health. Questions were drafted and IRB approved in time to be asked of 45 dyads. The Table lists some results and the percent of respondents that selected Strongly Agree or Agree. Conclusions: Patients and caregivers reported that both apps would encourage them to take better care of themselves/be more physically active and would improve emotional wellbeing. A high proportion of respondents also felt the apps would improve communication with their doctor and provide early important information for the doctor to act upon compared to usual care. Additional work in a large randomized trial is planned to evaluate specific care outcomes. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Determination of ventilatory threshold based on rating of perceived exertion scale

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 409-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanimir Stojiljkovic ◽  
Dejan Nesic ◽  
Sanja Mazic ◽  
Dejana Popovic ◽  
Dusan Mitrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Continuous Test ◽  
Dependent Samples ◽  
Increasing Load

The objective of the study was to test the possibility of using the fixed value (12-13) of the Rating of Perceived scale (RPE scale), as a valid method for determination of ventilatory threshold (VT). The sample of the subjects included 32 physically active males (age: 22.3; TV: 180.5; TM: 75.5 kg; V02max: 57.1 mL/kg/min). During the continuous test of progressively increasing load on a treadmill, cardiorespiratory and other parameters were monitored using ECG and gas analyzer. Following the test, VT and V02max were determined. During the test, at each level, at the scale from 6 to 20, the subjects pointed the number that suited best their currently feeling of strain. The RPE threshold was defined as constant value of 12-13. Average values of ventilatory and RPE threshold were expressed by parameters that were monitored and then compared by using t-test for dependent samples. No significant difference was found between mean values of VT and RPE threshold, when they were expressed by relevant parameters: speed, load, heart rate, absolute and relative oxygen consumption. Fixed value (12-13) of RPE scale may be used to detect the exercise intensity that corresponds to ventilatory threshold.

Glucose administration before exercise modulates catecholaminergic responses in glycogen-depleted subjects

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gozal ◽  
Patrice Thiriet ◽  
Jean Marie Cottet-Emard ◽  
Dieudonné Wouassi ◽  
Emmanuel Bitanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Glucose Administration ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
The Right ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Effect Of Glucose ◽  
Slow Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Nonlinear Increase

Gozal, David, Patrice Thiriet, Jean Marie Cottet-Emard, Dieudonné Wouassi, Emmanuel Bitanga, André Geyssant, Jean Marc Pequignot, and Marcel Sagnol. Glucose administration before exercise modulates catecholaminergic responses in glycogen-depleted subjects. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(1): 248–256, 1997.—In glycogen-depleted subjects (GD) a nonlinear increase in epinephrine (Epi) and norepinephrine (NE) parallels blood lactate (La) during graded exercise. The effect of glucose (Glc) supplementation and route of administration on these relationships was studied in 26 GD athletes who were randomly assigned to receive 1.3 g/kg Glc by slow intravenous infusion (IV; n = 9), oral administration (PO; n = 9), or artificially sweetened placebo in 1 liter of water (Asp; n = 8) in the 2 h preceding a graded maximal exercise. Performance and La were similar among the three groups in normal glycogen (NG) or GD conditions. However, slightly improved performances were observed in GD compared with NG and were associated with a shift to the right in La curves. Blood Glc concentrations were higher in IV and PO before exercise, but they rapidly decreased to lowest levels in IV, gradually decreased over time in PO, and remained stable in Asp or NG. Insulin concentrations were highest in IV and lowest in Asp and NG at onset of exercise, rapidly decreasing in IV and PO although remaining at higher levels than in Asp or NG. In contrast, higher serum levels of free fatty acids were measured during exercise in Asp with no significant differences in glucagon or glycerol among the three groups. Free and sulfated NE increases were smaller in IV than in PO and Asp on exhaustion. In contrast, free and conjugated Epi were most increased in IV, with smallest increases in Asp. Dopamine levels were most increased in IV at exhaustion. We conclude that the changes of Epi and NE concentrations, associated with the activation of glucoregulatory mechanisms, including hyperinsulinemia, display different magnitude and time courses during exercise in GD subjects who receive oral vs. intravenous load of Glc before exercise. We speculate that the magnitude of insulin surge after acutely increased Glc before exercise in GD subjects may exert dissociative effects on adrenal-dependent glycogenolysis and on sympathetic responses.

scholarly journals Equine infectious anemia affects the athletic performance of equines from the Brazilian Pantanal region

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1184-1188
Author(s):  
Débora Roque de Freitas Andrade ◽  
Adalgiza Souza Carneiro Rezende ◽  
Sandra Aparecida Santos ◽  
Márcia Furlan Nogueira ◽  
Juliano Martins Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Hematocrit Level ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Equine Infectious Anemia ◽  
Brazilian Pantanal

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of equine infectious anemia (EIA) on the physical performance of equines from the Brazilian Pantanal region. A total of 16 males were evaluated, divided into two groups: 8 seronegative (G1) and 8 seropositive (G2) for EIA. Two graded exercise tests were carried out before (T1) and after (T2) 42 days of training. Heart rate, lactate concentration, distance covered, and hematocrit level were recorded. In both tests, G1 covered a greater distance. In T2, G2 had lower hematocrit levels and lower speeds reached at different lactate concentrations and heart rates. The athletic performance of the evaluated equines is affected by equine infectious anemia.

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