scholarly journals C-type natriuretic peptide facilitates autonomic Ca2+ entry in growth plate chondrocytes for stimulating bone growth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuu Miyazaki ◽  
Atsuhiko Ichimura ◽  
Ryo Kitayama ◽  
Naoki Okamoto ◽  
Tomoki Yasue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Growth Plate ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Bk Channels ◽  
Bk Channel ◽  
Growth Plate Chondrocytes ◽  
Dependent Protein Kinase ◽  
Dependent Protein

The growth plates are cartilage tissues found at both ends of developing bones, and vital proliferation and differentiation of growth plate chondrocytes are primarily responsible for bone growth. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) stimulates bone growth by activating natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (NPR2) which is equipped with guanylate cyclase on the cytoplasmic side, but its signaling pathway is unclear in growth plate chondrocytes. We previously reported that transient receptor potential melastatin-like 7 (TRPM7) channels mediate intermissive Ca2+ influx in growth plate chondrocytes, leading to activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) for promoting bone growth. In this report, we provide experimental evidence indicating a functional link between CNP and TRPM7 channels. Our pharmacological data suggest that CNP-28 evoked NPR2 activation elevates cellular cGMP content and stimulates big-conductance Ca2+-dependent K+ (BK) channels as a substrate for cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). BK channel-induced hyperpolarization likely enhances the driving force of TRPM7-mediated Ca2+ entry and seems to accordingly activate CaMKII. Indeed, ex vivo organ culture analysis indicates that CNP-facilitated bone growth is abolished by chondrocyte-specific Trpm7 gene ablation. The defined CNP signaling pathway, the NPR2-PKG-BK channel-TRPM7 channel-CaMKII axis, likely pinpoints promising target proteins for developing new therapeutic treatments for divergent growth disorders.

scholarly journals Genetic Involvement of a cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase in a G Protein Signaling Pathway Regulating Morphological and Chemical Transitions in Aspergillus nidulans

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 157 (2) ◽  
pp. 591-600
Author(s):  
Kiminori Shimizu ◽  
Nancy P Keller
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Dependent Protein Kinase ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Camp Dependent Protein Kinase ◽  
Dependent Protein

Abstract In the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, a heterotrimeric G protein α-subunit and an RGS domain protein, encoded by fadA and flbA, respectively, regulate production of the carcinogenic metabolite sterigmatocystin (ST) and asexual spores (i.e., conidia). We investigated the genetic involvement of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (PkaA), a potential downstream target of FadA activity, in ST production and conidiation. Relative to wild type, sporulation was decreased in the pkaA overexpression strain but was not totally absent, as occurs in ΔflbA or fadAG42R (fadA-dominant active) strains. Deletion of pkaA resulted in a hyper-conidiating strain with limited radial growth. This phenotype was epistatic to mutation in flbA or fadA; the double mutants ΔpkaA; ΔflbA and ΔpkaA; fadAG42R recovered sporulation and their radial growth was severely restricted. PkaA overexpression also negatively regulated AflR, the ST biosynthesis-specific transcription factor, both transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally. Deletion of pkaA restored ST production in the ΔflbA background but not in the fadAG42R background. These data provide genetic evidence that the FlbA/FadA signaling pathway regulating ST production and morphological development is partially mediated through PkaA.

scholarly journals The AGC Kinase SsAgc1 Regulates Sporisorium scitamineum Mating/Filamentation and Pathogenicity

mSphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixu Wang ◽  
Yi Zhen Deng ◽  
Guobing Cui ◽  
Chengwei Huang ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Dependent Protein Kinase ◽  
Sporisorium Scitamineum ◽  
Fungal Mating ◽  
Dependent Protein

ABSTRACT Sporisorium scitamineum is the fungal pathogen causing severe sugarcane smut disease that leads to massive economic losses globally. S. scitamineum invades host cane by dikaryotic hyphae, formed after sexual mating of two haploid sporidia of opposite mating type. Therefore, mating/filamentation is critical for S. scitamineum pathogenicity, while its molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. The AGC (cyclic AMP [cAMP]-dependent protein kinase 1 [protein kinase A {PKA}], cGMP-dependent protein kinase [PKG], and protein kinase C [PKC]) kinase family is a group of serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinases conserved among eukaryotic genomes, serving a variety of physiological functions, including cell growth, metabolism, differentiation, and cell death. In this study, we identified an AGC kinase, named SsAgc1 (for S. scitamineum Agc1), and characterized its function by reverse genetics. Our results showed that SsAgc1 is critical for S. scitamineum mating/filamentation and pathogenicity, and oxidative stress tolerance under some circumstances. Transcriptional profiling revealed that the SsAgc1 signaling pathway may control expression of the genes governing fungal mating/filamentation and tryptophan metabolism, especially for tryptophol production. We showed that tryptophan and tryptophol could at least partially restore ssagc1Δ mating/filamentation. Overall, our work revealed a signaling pathway mediated by AGC protein kinases to regulate fungal mating/filamentation, possibly through sensing and responding to tryptophol as signal molecules. IMPORTANCE The AGC signaling pathway represents a conserved distinct signaling pathway in regulation of fungal differentiation and virulence, while it has not been identified or characterized in the sugarcane smut fungus Sporisorium scitamineum. In this study, we identified a PAS domain-containing AGC kinase, SsAgc1, in S. scitamineum. Functional analysis revealed that SsAgc1 plays a regulatory role on the fungal dimorphic switch.

scholarly journals Stimulation of neuronal KATP channels by cGMP-dependent protein kinase: involvement of ROS and 5-hydroxydecanoate-sensitive factors in signal transduction

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (4) ◽  
pp. C875-C892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongping Chai ◽  
Yu-Fung Lin
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Katp Channels ◽  
Membrane Excitability ◽  
Dependent Protein Kinase ◽  
Cgmp Dependent Protein Kinase ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Stimulation Of

The ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel couples intracellular metabolic state to membrane excitability. Recently, we demonstrated that neuronal KATP channels are functionally enhanced by activation of a nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP/cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) signaling cascade. In this study, we further investigated the intracellular mechanism underlying PKG stimulation of neuronal KATP channels. By performing single-channel recordings in transfected HEK293 and neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, we found that the increase of Kir6.2/SUR1 (i.e., the neuronal-type KATP) channel currents by PKG activation in cell-attached patches was diminished by 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD), an inhibitor of the putative mitochondrial KATP channel; N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, and catalase, a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-decomposing enzyme. These reagents also ablated NO-induced KATP channel stimulation and prevented the shifts in the single-channel open- and closed-time distributions resulting from PKG activation and NO induction. Bath application of H2O2 reproduced PKG stimulation of Kir6.2/SUR1 but did not activate tetrameric Kir6.2LRKR368/369/370/371AAAA channels. Moreover, neither the PKG activator nor exogenous H2O2 was able to enhance the function of KATP channels in the presence of Ca2+ chelators and calmodulin antagonists, whereas the stimulatory effect of H2O2 was unaffected by 5-HD. Altogether, in this report we provide novel evidence that activation of PKG stimulates neuronal KATP channels by modulating intrinsic channel gating via a 5-HD-sensitive factor(s)/ROS/Ca2+/calmodulin signaling pathway that requires the presence of the SUR1 subunit. This signaling pathway may contribute to neuroprotection against ischemic injury and regulation of neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release by modulating the function of neuronal KATP channels.

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