scholarly journals Identifying Prepubertal Children with Risk for Suicide Using Deep Neural Network Trained on Multimodal Brain Imaging-Derived Phenotypes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo-Gyeom Kim ◽  
Gun Ahn ◽  
Sooyoung Kim ◽  
Kakyeong Kim ◽  
Hyeonjin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Model Interpretation ◽  
Screening And Prevention ◽  
White Matter Connectivity

Suicide is among the leading causes of death in youth worldwide. Early identification of children with high risk for suicide is key to effective screening and prevention strategies. Brain imaging can show functional or structural abnormalities related to youth suicidality, but literature is scarce. Here we tested the extent to which brain imaging is useful in predicting suicidal risk in children. In the largest to date, multi-site, multi-ethnic, epidemiological developmental samples in the US (N = 6,172; the ABCD study), we trained and validated machine learning models and deep neural networks on the multimodal brain imaging derived phenotypes (morphometry, white matter connectivity, functional activation, and connectivity) along with behavioral and self-reported psychological questionnaire data. The model trained on diffusion white matter connectomes showed the best performance (test AUC-ROC = 74.82) with a one percentage increase compared with the baseline model trained on behavioral and psychological data (test AUC-ROC = 74.16). Models trained on other MRI modalities showed similar but slightly lower performances. Model interpretation showed the important brain features involved in attention, emotion regulation, and motor coordination, such as the anterior cingulate cortex, temporal gyrus, and precentral gyrus. It further showed that the interaction of brain features with depression and impulsivity measures contributed to the optimal prediction of youth suicidality. This study demonstrates the potential utility of a multimodal brain imaging approach to youth suicidality prediction and uncovers the relationships of the psychological and multi-dimensional and multi-modal neural features to youth suicidality.

scholarly journals MRI substrates of sustained attention system and cognitive impairment in pediatric MS patients

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 1265-1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ermelinda De Meo ◽  
Lucia Moiola ◽  
Angelo Ghezzi ◽  
Pierangelo Veggiotti ◽  
Ruggero Capra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Attention System

Objective:To explore the structural and functional integrity of the sustained attention system in patients with pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) and its effect on cognitive impairment.Methods:We enrolled 57 patients with pediatric MS and 14 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Patients with >3 abnormal tests at neuropsychological evaluation were classified as cognitively impaired (CI). Sustained attention system activity was studied with fMRI during the Conners Continuous Performance Test (CCPT). Structural integrity of attention network connections was quantified with diffusion tensor (DT) MRI.Results:Within-group analysis showed similar patterns of recruitment of the attention network in HCs and patients with pediatric MS. Diffuse network DT MRI structural abnormalities were found in patients with MS. During CCPT, with increasing task demand, patients with pediatric MS showed increased activation of the left thalamus, anterior insula, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and decreased recruitment of the right precuneus compared to HCs. Thirteen patients (23%) were classified as CI. Compared to cognitively preserved patients, CI patients with pediatric MS had decreased recruitment of several areas located mainly in parietal and occipital lobes and cerebellum and increased deactivation of the ACC, combined with more severe structural damage of white matter tracts connecting these regions.Conclusions:Our results suggest that the age-expected level of sustained attention system functional competence is achieved in patients with pediatric MS. Inefficient regulation of the functional interaction between different areas of this system, due to abnormal white matter integrity, may result in global cognitive impairment in these patients.

scholarly journals Increased and Decreased Superficial White Matter Structural Connectivity in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1367-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Ji ◽  
Pamela Guevara ◽  
Miguel Guevara ◽  
Antoine Grigis ◽  
Nicole Labra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
And Function ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are often conceptualized as “disconnection syndromes,” with substantial evidence of abnormalities in deep white matter tracts, forming the substrates of long-range connectivity, seen in both disorders. However, the study of superficial white matter (SWM) U-shaped short-range tracts remained challenging until recently, although findings from postmortem studies suggest they are likely integral components of SZ and BD neuropathology. This diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) study aimed to investigate SWM microstructure in vivo in both SZ and BD for the first time. We performed whole brain tractography in 31 people with SZ, 32 people with BD and 54 controls using BrainVISA and Connectomist 2.0. Segmentation and labeling of SWM tracts were performed using a novel, comprehensive U-fiber atlas. Analysis of covariances yielded significant generalized fractional anisotropy (gFA) differences for 17 SWM bundles in frontal, parietal, and temporal cortices. Post hoc analyses showed gFA reductions in both patient groups as compared with controls in bundles connecting regions involved in language processing, mood regulation, working memory, and motor function (pars opercularis, insula, anterior cingulate, precentral gyrus). We also found increased gFA in SZ patients in areas overlapping the default mode network (inferior parietal, middle temporal, precuneus), supporting functional hyperconnectivity of this network evidenced in SZ. We thus illustrate that short U-fibers are vulnerable to the pathological processes in major psychiatric illnesses, encouraging improved understanding of their anatomy and function.

scholarly journals Structural brain characteristics in treatment-resistant depression: review of magnetic resonance imaging studies

BJPsych Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margit Philomène C. Klok ◽  
Philip. F. van Eijndhoven ◽  
Miklos Argyelan ◽  
Aart H. Schene ◽  
Indira Tendolkar
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Treatment Resistant Depression ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
Resistant Depression ◽  
Structural Brain

Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been related to structural brain characteristics that are correlated with the severity of disease. However, the correlation of these structural changes is less well clarified in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Aims To summarise the existing literature on structural brain characteristics in TRD to create an overview of known abnormalities of the brain in patients with MDD, to form hypotheses about the absence or existence of a common pathophysiology of MDD and TRD. Method A systematic search of PubMed and the Cochrane Library for studies published between 1998 and August of 2016 investigating structural brain changes in patients with TRD compared with healthy controls or patients with MDD. Results Fourteen articles are included in this review. Lower grey matter volume (GMV) in the anterior cingulate cortex, right cerebellum, caudate nucleus, superior/medial frontal gyrus and hippocampus does not seem to differentiate TRD from milder forms of MDD. However, lower GMV in the putamen, inferior frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, angular- and post-central gyri together with specific mainly parietal white matter tract changes seem to be more specific structural characteristics of TRD. Conclusions The currently available data on structural brain changes in patients with TRD compared with milder forms of MDD and healthy controls cannot sufficiently distinguish between a ‘shared continuum hypothesis’ and a ‘different entity hypothesis’. Our review clearly suggests that although there is some overlap in affected brain regions between milder forms of MDD and TRD, TRD also comes with specific alterations in mainly the putamen and parietal white matter tracts. Declaration of interest None.

scholarly journals White Matter Connectivity in Incident Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Diffusion Spectrum Imaging Study of World Trade Center Responders at Midlife

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Chuan Huang ◽  
Minos Kritikos ◽  
Sean A.P. Clouston ◽  
Yael Deri ◽  
Mario Serrano-Sosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
World Trade ◽  
World Trade Center ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Diffusion Spectrum Imaging ◽  
Trade Center ◽  
Spectrum Imaging ◽  
White Matter Connectivity

Background: Individuals who participated in response efforts at the World Trade Center (WTC) following 9/11/2001 are experiencing elevated incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at midlife. Objective: We hypothesized that white matter connectivity measured using diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) would be restructured in WTC responders with MCI versus cognitively unimpaired responders. Methods: Twenty responders (mean age 56; 10 MCI/10 unimpaired) recruited from an epidemiological study were characterized using NIA-AA criteria alongside controls matched on demographics (age/sex/occupation/race/education). Axial DSI was acquired on a 3T Siemen’s Biograph mMR scanner (12-channel head coil) using a multi-band diffusion sequence. Connectometry examined whole-brain tract-level differences in white matter integrity. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and quantified anisotropy were extracted for region of interest (ROI) analyses using the Desikan-Killiany atlas. Results: Connectometry identified both increased and decreased connectivity within regions of the brains of responders with MCI identified in the corticothalamic pathway and cortico-striatal pathway that survived adjustment for multiple comparisons. MCI was also associated with higher FA values in five ROIs including in the rostral anterior cingulate; lower MD values in four ROIs including the left rostral anterior cingulate; and higher MD values in the right inferior circular insula. Analyses by cognitive domain revealed nominal associations in domains of response speed, verbal learning, verbal retention, and visuospatial learning. Conclusions: WTC responders with MCI at midlife showed early signs of neurodegeneration characterized by both increased and decreased white matter diffusivity in regions commonly affected by early-onset Alzheimer’s disease.

scholarly journals Increased and decreased superficial white matter structural connectivity in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Ji ◽  
Pamela Guevara ◽  
Miguel Guevara ◽  
Antoine Grigis ◽  
Nicole Labra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
And Function ◽  
Post Hoc

AbstractSchizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are often conceptualized as “disconnection syndromes”, with substantial evidence of abnormalities in deep white matter tracts, forming the substrates of long-range connectivity, seen in both disorders. However, the study of superficial white matter (SWM) U-shaped short-range tracts remained challenging until recently, although findings from post-mortem studies suggest they are likely integral components of SZ and BD neuropathology. This diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) study aimed to investigate SWM microstructure in vivo in both SZ and BD for the first time. We performed whole brain tractography in 31 people with SZ, 32 people with BD and 54 controls using BrainVISA and Connectomist 2.0. Segmentation and labelling of SWM tracts were performed using a novel, comprehensive U-fiber atlas. Analysis of covariances yielded significant generalized fractional anisotropy (gFA) differences for 17 SWM bundles in frontal, parietal and temporal cortices. Post hoc analyses showed gFA reductions in both patient groups as compared with controls in bundles connecting regions involved in language processing, mood regulation, working memory and motor function (pars opercularis, insula, anterior cingulate, precentral gyrus). We also found increased gFA in SZ patients in areas overlapping the default mode network (inferior parietal, middle temporal, precuneus), supporting functional hyperconnectivity of this network evidenced in SZ. We thus illustrate that short U-fibers are vulnerable to the pathological processes in major psychiatric illnesses, encouraging improved understanding of their anatomy and function.

scholarly journals Data-driven subtyping of executive function related behavioural problems in children

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Bathelt ◽  
Joni Holmes ◽  
Duncan E. Astle ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Behavioural Problems ◽  
White Matter Connectivity

AbstractIntroductionMany developmental disorders are associated with deficits in controlling and regulating behaviour. These difficulties are frequently observed across multiple groups of children including children with diagnoses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), specific learning difficulties, autistic spectrum disorder, or conduct disorder. The co-occurrence of these behavioural problems across disorders typically leads to comorbid diagnoses and can complicate intervention approaches. An alternative to classifying children on the basis of specific diagnostic criteria is to use a data-driven grouping that identifies dimensions of behaviour that meaningfully distinguish groups of children.MethodsThe sample consisted of 442 children identified by health and educational professionals as having difficulties in attention, learning and/or memory. The current study applied community clustering, a data-driven clustering algorithm, to group children by similarities across scales on a commonly used rating scale, the Conners-3 questionnaire. Further, the current study investigated if the groups identified by the data-driven algorithm could be identified by white matter connectivity using a structural connectomics approach combined with partial least squares analysis.ResultsThe data-driven clustering yielded three distinct groups of children with symptoms of either: (1) elevated inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, and poor executive function, (2) learning problems, and (3) aggressive behaviour and problems with peer relationships. These groups were associated with significant inter-individual variation in white matter connectivity of the prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex.ConclusionIn sum, data-driven classification of executive function difficulties identifies stable groups of children, provides a good account of inter-individual differences, and aligns closely with underlying neurobiological substrates.

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging findings in children with Parry-Romberg syndrome and en coup de sabre

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Knights ◽  
Elizabeth Minas ◽  
Faraan Khan ◽  
Lindsay Shaw ◽  
Muthana Al Obaidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Dystrophic Calcification ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Street Hospital ◽  
Parry Romberg Syndrome

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to: (i) describe the abnormalities seen on brain imaging in a group of children with en coup de sabre (EDCS) with/without Parry-Romberg syndrome (PRS); and (ii) identify clinical predictors of brain imaging abnormalities. Methods This was a single centre (Great Ormond Street Hospital, London) retrospective case series of patients with ECDS/PRS seen from 2000 to 2018. We identified patients with cutaneous manifestations consistent with the clinical descriptions of ECDS/PRS. Presenting clinical, laboratory, and radiological brain findings are described. Results are expressed as medians and ranges or frequencies and percentages. Fisher’s exact test was used to identify clinical associations with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities. Results Fourteen patients were studied: 6 males and 8 females; median age 14 years (range 3–20). We observed neuroimaging abnormalities in 2/6 ECDS and 5/8 ECDS/PRS patients. White matter signal abnormality, dystrophic calcification, leptomeningeal enhancement, and sulcal crowding were the typical findings on brain imaging. A total of 50% of patients had no MRI abnormality despite some of these patients having neurological symptoms. The presence of seizures was significantly associated with ipsilateral enhanced white matter signalling on MRI (p < 0.05). Conclusions In summary, we observed several distinct radiographic patterns associated with ECDS/PRS. Seizure disorder was strongly associated with the presence of ipsilateral enhanced white matter signalling. Improved neuroimaging techniques that combine morphological with functional imaging may improve the detection rate of brain involvement in children with ECDS/PRS in the future.

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