scholarly journals A novel automated approach for improving standardization of the marble burying test enables quantification of burying bouts and activity characteristics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas F. Wahl ◽  
A. Mattijs Punt ◽  
Tara Arbab ◽  
Ingo Willuhn ◽  
Ype Elgersma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Models ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Mouse Behavior ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Marble Burying

The marble burying test is a commonly used paradigm to screen phenotypes in mouse models of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. The current methodological approach relies solely on reporting the number of buried marbles at the end of the test. By measuring the proxy of the behavior (buried marbles), rather than the behavior itself (burying bouts), many important characteristics regarding the temporal aspect of this assay are lost. Here we introduce a novel, automated method to quantify mouse behavior throughout the duration of the marble burying test with the focus on the burying bouts. Using open-source software packages, we trained a supervised machine learning algorithm (the classifier) to distinguish burying behavior in freely moving mice. In order to confirm the classifier's accuracy and uncover the behavioral meaning of the marble burying test, we performed marble burying test in three mouse models: Ube3am-/p+ (Angelman Syndrome model), Shank2-/- (autism model), and Sapap3-/- (obsessive-compulsive disorder model) mice. The classifier scored burying behavior accurately and consistent with the literature in the Ube3am-/p+ mice, which showed decreased levels of burying compared to controls. Shank2-/- mice showed a similar pattern of decreased burying behavior, which was not found in Sapap3-/- mice. Tracking mouse behavior throughout the test enabled us to quantify activity characteristics, revealing hypoactivity in Ube3am-/p+ and hyperactivity in the Shank2-/- mice, indicating that mouse activity is unrelated to burying behavior. Together, we demonstrate that our classifier is an accurate method for the analysis of the marble burying test, providing more information than the currently used methods.

scholarly journals Repeated Cortico-Striatal Stimulation Generates Persistent OCD-Like Behavior

Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 340 (6137) ◽  
pp. 1234-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne E. Ahmari ◽  
Timothy Spellman ◽  
Neria L. Douglass ◽  
Mazen A. Kheirbek ◽  
H. Blair Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Mouse Behavior ◽  
First Line ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Chronic Fluoxetine

Although cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit dysregulation is correlated with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), causation cannot be tested in humans. We used optogenetics in mice to simulate CSTC hyperactivation observed in OCD patients. Whereas acute orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)–ventromedial striatum (VMS) stimulation did not produce repetitive behaviors, repeated hyperactivation over multiple days generated a progressive increase in grooming, a mouse behavior related to OCD. Increased grooming persisted for 2 weeks after stimulation cessation. The grooming increase was temporally coupled with a progressive increase in light-evoked firing of postsynaptic VMS cells. Both increased grooming and evoked firing were reversed by chronic fluoxetine, a first-line OCD treatment. Brief but repeated episodes of abnormal circuit activity may thus set the stage for the development of persistent psychopathology.

Pendekatan Terapi Waswas Menurut Perspektif Sarjana Islam Di Era Ketamadunan Islam Abad Ke 8 Sehingga 19 Masihi

Sains Insani ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Mohd Zahir Abdul Rahman ◽  
Robiatul Adawiyah Mohd@Amat ◽  
Zul Azlin Razali ◽  
Mohd Zohdi Mohd Amin ◽  
Shah Rizul Izyan Zulkiply ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
World Health ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The World ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
Health Organization

Waswas atau kecelaruan obsesif-kompulsif (OCD) merupakan antara sepuluh beban penyakit utama di seluruh dunia yang diklasifikasikan oleh World Health Organization (WHO) (Murray, 1996). Sehubungan itu, kupasan terhadap isu waswas ini dari aspek rawatan dan penyelidikan banyak dirujuk kepada psikiatri moden dan klinikal psikologi. Walaubagaimanapun pendekatan rawatan waswas menurut sarjana Islam di era ketamadunan Islam kurang diketengahkan kepada masyarakat. Justeru, objektif kajian adalah untuk mengumpul dan mengenal pasti fokus rawatan waswas oleh sarjana Islam pada abad ke 8 sehingga abad 19 Masihi di bawah pemerintahan khilafah Islam berteraskan empat domain hidup iaitu biologi, psikologi, sosial dan spiritual. Manakala dari aspek metode, kajian mengaplikasi sepenuhnya kajian kualitatif berasaskan dokumentasi. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa terdapat sebanyak 10 terapi berasaskan biologi, 6 pendekatan psikologi, 3 pendekatan bersifat sosial dan 2 amalan beserta 8 doa sebagai pendekatan rawatan secara spiritual. Penemuan ini amat berharga kepada masyarakat Islam kerana keperluan dalam keseimbangan empat elemen ini penting bagi mengatasi masalah waswas dan tidak hanya tertumpu kepada pendekatan rawatan bersifat spiritual.Abstract: Waswas or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of ten major illnesses worldwide are classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) (Murray, 1996). In this regard, the focus on this issue of treatment and research has been widely referred to modern psychiatry and clinical psychology. However, waswas treatment based on Islamic scholars in Islamic civilisation era less highlighted to the community. Thus, the objective of the study is to collect and identify the focus of waswas treatment by Islamic scholars in 8 century until 19 century under the reign of Caliph of Islam is based on four domains of life that is biological, psychological, social and spiritual. While, the methodological approach taken in this study is a qualitative research through documentation. The findings show that there are 10 biological-based therapies, 6 psychological approaches, 3 social approaches and 2 practices and 8 dua’ as a spiritual approach. These findings are very very valuable to the Muslim community because the needs in this important balance four elements to overcome waswas and not just focused on spiritual approaches.

Effects of glutamate-related drugs on marble-burying behavior in mice: Implications for obsessive–compulsive disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 586 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 164-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuaki Egashira ◽  
Ryoko Okuno ◽  
Satoko Harada ◽  
Michihiko Matsushita ◽  
Kenichi Mishima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Marble Burying

scholarly journals Digging behavior discrimination test to probe burrowing and exploratory digging in male and female mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather L. Pond ◽  
Abigail T. Heller ◽  
Brian M. Gural ◽  
Olivia P. McKissick ◽  
Molly K. Wilkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Digging Behavior ◽  
Marble Burying ◽  
Testing Protocols

AbstractDigging and burying behavior is often used to test anxiety and repetitive behaviors in mice. Different digging paradigms have been developed and have become popular assays for anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and repetitive behaviors in mouse models for multiple psychiatric and neurological conditions. However, the interpretation of these tests has been confounded by the difficulty of determining why mice dig. Digging is a naturalistic mouse behavior, that can be focused towards different goals, i.e. foraging for food, burrowing for shelter, burying objects, or even for recreation as has been shown for dogs, ferrets, and human children. Current testing protocols may focus on one type of digging (burrowing, foraging or burying) or allow the animal to dig freely, but interpretation of the results infers the motivation behind the behavior and often assumes that increased digging is a repetitive or compulsive behavior. We asked whether providing a choice between different types of digging activities would increase sensitivity to assess digging motivation. Here, we present a test to make clear determinations between burrowing and exploratory digging in mice. The test was designed to be rapid (less than 30 minutes) and using simple measures, so that it can be easily implemented with or without automated tracking. We found that mice seem to prefer burrowing when the option is available and asked whether food restriction would cause a switch from burrowing to exploration. While males and females displayed subtle behavioral differences at baseline that did not lead to statistically significant results, males readily switched from burrowing to digging outside, while females did not. In addition, when we tested a model of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder that had shown inconsistent results in the marble burying test, the Cc2d1a conditional knock-out mouse, we found greatly reduced burrowing only in males. Our findings indicate that digging is a nuanced behavior and suggest that male and female rodents may perform it differently. We propose that juxtaposing different kinds of digging will increase sensitivity in detecting deficits and will provide a better insight into behavioral differences.

scholarly journals Retraction Note: Amelioration of obsessive-compulsive disorder in three mouse models treated with one epigenetic drug: unraveling the underlying mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
German Todorov ◽  
Karthikeyan Mayilvahanan ◽  
David Ashurov ◽  
Catarina Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Epigenetic Drug

Editor's Note: this Article has been retracted; the Retraction Note is available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84474-5.

Improved serotonergic neurotransmission by genistein pretreatment regulates symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Phadnis ◽  
Purnima Dey Sarkar ◽  
Mithun Singh Rajput
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Serotonergic System ◽  
Cortical Region ◽  
Central Character ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Marble Burying ◽  
Genistein Treatment

Abstract Background Initial evidences have shown that diabetes mellitus occurs concomitantly with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptomatology. Serotonergic psychiatric therapy posits that serotonin is a central character in the management of OCD. Hence, it is worth investigating novel chemical entities affecting the serotonergic system for targeting OCD. An isoflavonoid phytoestrogen, genistein, has been recognized as of great pharmacological value especially for protecting neurodegeneration, depression (serotonin regulation), and diabetes. The effectiveness of genistein pretreatment on the symptoms of OCD in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice is investigated in this study. We also evaluate the probable involvement of the serotonergic system. Methods Groups of diabetic mice were treated with genistein at the dose of 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg (intraperitoneal, twice daily, 14 days), and symptoms of OCD were assessed by the marble-burying behavior, in comparison with the standard drug fluoxetine. Neurochemical assessment of the serotonergic ratio 5-hydroxyindole-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid/5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HIAA/5-HT) in the cortical region of the brain was performed using HPLC (high-pressure liquid chromatography). Results Chronic treatment with genistein significantly recovered [F(6, 35)=53.00, p<0.0001, R2=0.9008] the symptoms of OCD as assessed by marble burying behavior in normal and diabetic mice. Locomotor performance was not influenced by the diabetic condition or any associated treatment. The turnover of serotonin neurotransmission (5-HIAA/5-HT) was significantly boosted in the diabetic condition; genistein treatment dragged it [F(6, 35)=35.75, p<0.0001, R2=0.8597] toward the respective control. Conclusions Genistein supplementation might be a potential therapeutic line for the management and/or prevention of diabetes-associated OCD symptomatology.

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