scholarly journals Sleep and Alcohol Use Patterns During Federal Holidays in the United States.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M Heacock ◽  
Emily R Capodilupo ◽  
Mark E Czeisler ◽  
Matthew D Weaver ◽  
Charles A Czeisler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
The United States ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
The Us ◽  
Application Data ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
Public Holidays

We conducted a retrospective observational study using remote wearable and mobile application data to identify US public holidays associated with significant changes in sleep behaviors, including sleep duration, bedtime and waketime, and the consistency of sleep timing, as well as changes in the point prevalence of alcohol use. These metrics were collected and analyzed from objective, high resolution sleep-wake data and survey responses of 24,250 US subscribers to the wrist-worn biometric device platform, WHOOP (Boston, Massachusetts, USA), who were active users during May 1, 2020 through May 1, 2021. Compared to baseline, statistically significant differences in sleep and alcohol measures were found on the US public holidays and their eves. For example, New Year's Eve corresponded with a sleep consistency decrease of 13.8% (+/- 0.3), a sleep onset of 88.9 minutes (+/- 3.2) later, a sleep offset of 78.1 minutes (+/- 3.1), and more than twice as many participants reported alcohol consumption (138.0% +/- 6.7) compared to baseline. The majority of US public holidays and holiday eves were associated with sample-level increases in sleep duration, decreases in sleep consistency, later sleep onset and offset, and increases in the prevalence of alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals Trends in alcohol consumption in relation to cause-specific and all-cause mortality in the United States: a report from the NHANES linked to the US mortality registry

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Ricci ◽  
Aletta Elizabeth Schutte ◽  
Rudolph Schutte ◽  
Cornelius Matheus Smuts ◽  
Marlien Pieters
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Standard Drink ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
The Us ◽  
Specific Mortality

ABSTRACT Background Excessive alcohol use is the third leading cause of mortality in the United States, where alcohol use consistently increased over the last decades. This trend is currently maintained, despite regulatory policies aimed to counteract it. While the increased health risks resulting from alcohol use are evident, some open questions regarding alcohol use and its consequences in the US population remain. Objectives The current work aims to evaluate the relation between alcohol consumption trends over a period of 15 y with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. In addition, we evaluate the adequacy of the current alcohol recommended limits according to the 2015–2020 US Dietary Guidelines for Americans (USDGA). Methods This was a prospective population-based study defined by the NHANES conducted over the period 1999–2014 linked to US mortality registry in 2015. Results The sample, composed of 34,672 participants, was observed for a median period of 7.8 y, totaling 282,855 person-years. In the present sample, 4,303 deaths were observed. Alcohol use increased during the period 1999–2014. Alcohol use above the current US recommendations was associated with increased all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk, ranging from 39% to 126%. A proportion of these deaths, ranging from 19% to 26%, could be theoretically prevented if US citizens followed current guidelines, and 13% of all-cause deaths in men could be avoided if the current US guidelines for women (1 standard drink/d) were applied to them. Conclusions The present study provides evidence in support of limiting alcohol intake in adherence to the USDGA recommendations.

scholarly journals 235 Age and Chronotype Associated with Sleep Timing Changes During COVID-19-Related Lockdowns in the US

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A94-A94
Author(s):  
Ryan Bottary ◽  
Eric Fields ◽  
Elizabeth Kensinger ◽  
Tony Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
The United States ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Period Change ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Social Jetlag ◽  
The Us

Abstract Introduction Global lockdowns implemented to reduce spread of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have offered unique insight into how sleep patterns change when typical social obligations are significantly reduced. Here, we aimed to replicate findings of sleep timing delays and reduced social jetlag during lockdown using a large, regionally-diverse sample of participants from the United States (US). Further, we conducted exploratory analyses to determine if observed sleep changes were associated with age and self-reported chronotype. Methods A sample of 691 US adults (age 18-89) completed the Ultrashort Munich Chronotype Questionnaire twice during the same assessment: once querying retrospective memory for sleep patterns in the 6-weeks prior to February 1, 2020 (Pre-Lockdown) and a second time for sleep patterns in the 6-weeks prior to ~May 20th (Peak-Lockdown in the US). Participants also completed the abbreviated Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire to assess chronotype. We compared sleep duration (SDur), sleep onset time (SO), sleep end time (SEnd), social jetlag (SJL; difference between work-day and free-day sleep midpoint) and social sleep restriction (SSR; difference between work-day and free-day sleep duration) Pre- to Peak-Lockdown. We conducted exploratory analyses to determine whether Pre- to Peak-Lockdown changes in these sleep metrics were associated with age or chronotype. Main analyses were preregistered with Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/4a3fx). Results During the Peak-Lockdown period, participants, on average, reported significantly later SO and SEnd times and significantly reduced SJL and SSR compared with the Pre-Lockdown period. Change in SJL and SSR Pre- to Peak-Lockdown was significantly positively associated with age and chronotype such that SJL and SSR decreased more during lockdown in younger participants and those with an evening chronotype. Conclusion Our results support lockdown-associated sleep timing delays and reduced SJL and SSR. Younger age and evening chronotype were associated with greater reductions in SJL and SSR during lockdown. These findings suggest that individuals, particularly young individuals and those with an evening chronotype, experience greatest desynchrony between intrinsic and social sleep timing when conforming to typical pre-pandemic social schedules. Support (if any) Harvard Medical School Division of Sleep Medicine T32 HL007901 (RB and TJC); Brandeis University NIH NRSA T32 NS007292 (ECF)

Abstract P199: Sleep Health Varies By Immigration Status And Acculturation Level In Women: Results From The American Heart Association Go Red For Women Strategically Focused Research Network

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan A Samayoa ◽  
Nour Makarem ◽  
Vivian Cao ◽  
Moorea Maguire ◽  
Huaqing Xi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Immigration Status ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
The Us

Introduction: The Healthy Immigrant Effect refers to the phenomenon that recent immigrants are on average healthier than their native-born counterparts. Greater immigrant acculturation to the US has been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), frequently attributed to factors including the adoption of Western diets and decreased physical activity. While immigrants may have healthier habits than US adults, which may confer protection from CVD, there is little research on sleep health, particularly in immigrant women. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that immigrants, particularly those with greater acculturation, would have more sleep problems. Methods: Baseline data from a 1-y, community-based cohort of 506 women (61% racial/ethnic minority, mean age=37±16y) was used to evaluate cross-sectional associations between acculturation and sleep. Women self-reported their immigration status and national origin. Acculturation was measured from responses to questions regarding language preference, nativity (sorted by regions: Asia, Caribbean, Latin America, other), length of residency in the US, and age at immigration. Sleep duration, sleep quality, risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and insomnia were assessed using validated questionnaires. Logistic regression models adjusted for age, health insurance, education and BMI were used to evaluate associations between acculturation measures and sleep characteristics. Results: Women who were immigrants (n=176) reported lower mean sleep duration (6.60 ± 1.25 vs. 6.85 ± 1.22 h, p=0.02) compared to non-immigrants (n=323); non-immigrants were more likely than immigrants to sleep ≥7h/night (OR: 1.50, CI: 1.01-2.22, p=0.04). Women who immigrated to the US before vs. after age 25 y had lower odds of having sleep onset latency ≥26 min (OR:0.97, CI:0.95-1.00, p=0.03). Immigrant women living in the US >10y vs. <10y had more than 2-fold higher odds of having longer sleep onset latency (≥26 min) (OR:2.43, CI:1.09-5.41, p=0.03). Immigrants from the Caribbean were more likely than immigrants from other regions to be at a high risk for OSA (OR:2.65, CI:1.07-6.55, p=0.04). Conclusions: Compared to non-immigrants, immigrant women exhibit shorter habitual sleep duration. Sleep problems may vary by age of immigration, years lived in the US, and region of origin, as those who immigrated when they were older and those who had lived in the US>10 y required more time to fall asleep and Caribbean immigrants had higher OSA risk.

#3123 Assessing international alcohol and internet use patterns during COVID-19 isolation using an online survey: highlighting distinct stressors conferring risk to compulsive behaviours

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. A17.3-A18
Author(s):  
Samantha N Sallie ◽  
Valentin JE Ritou ◽  
Henrietta Bowden-Jones ◽  
Valerie Voon
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Online Gaming ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Problematic Alcohol

Objectives and AimsThe Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has required drastic safety measures to contain virus spread, including an extended self-isolation period. Those with greater perceived or actual life stress are vulnerable to develop or reinstate problematic behaviours characterised by addiction and compulsive mechanisms. Thus, we assessed how the COVID-19 pandemic and isolation measures affected alcohol consumption and internet use in the general population.MethodsWe developed an online international survey, entitled Habit Tracker (HabiT), completed by 1,346 adults (≥18 years), which measured changes in amount and severity of alcohol consumption (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; AUDIT),online gaming (Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form; IGDS9-SF), and pornography viewing (Cyber Pornography Addiction Test; CYPAT) before (post-hoc recall)and during the COVID-19 pandemic and consequent lockdown. These measures were related to ten COVID-19-specific stress factors. Lastly, we assessed psychiatric factors widely recognized to be associated with problematic alcohol and internet use such as anxiety, depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS), and impulsivity (Short Impulsive-Behavior Scale; SUPPS-P).ResultsOf the sample, we observed an overall increase in online gaming and a decrease alcohol consumption and pornography viewing. Those who increased their amount and severity of alcohol use (36%) during lockdown reported stress associated with the pandemic itself, such as being an essential worker directly caring for those with or having a loved one become severely ill from COVID-19. Further, those residing in the United Kingdom- as opposed the United States or Canada- increased their weekly amount of alcohol consumption. Alternatively, those who increased online gaming (64%) and pornography viewing (43%)reported low frequency or poor quality social interactions resultant of lockdown measures. All three groups displayed higher levels of depression, anxiety, and urgency impulsivity.ConclusionsOur findings underscore the theoretical mechanism of negative emotionality underlying forms of compulsive behaviour driven by stress, depression, and anxiety; while highlighting distinct avenues by which these behaviours can manifest. Limitations include subjects being within varying phases of lockdown during the time of testing and a large degree of study dropout (n=1,515). We emphasise the relevance of identifying those in need of greater support services to mitigate negative health outcomes associated with problematic alcohol consumption and internet usage in the context of COVID-19 isolation.

What a Difference a Drink Makes: Determining Associations Between Alcohol-Use Patterns and Condom Utilization Among Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Stephen Scroggins ◽  
Enbal Shacham
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Youth Risk Behavior Survey ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Survey Results

Abstract This study aimed to identify differences in condom use among adolescents by alcohol consumption patterns using the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Results suggest significant increased risk of condomless sex among binge drinking youth. Surprisingly, no significant difference in condom utilization was identified between non-drinkers and only moderate drinkers. Findings highlight the need to tailor STI preventative measures accordingly.

scholarly journals Cultural Differences in Tweeting about Drinking Across the US

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Giorgi ◽  
David B. Yaden ◽  
Johannes C. Eichstaedt ◽  
Robert D. Ashford ◽  
Anneke E.K. Buffone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Linguistic Markers ◽  
Community Project ◽  
The Us ◽  
Excessive Alcohol

Excessive alcohol use in the US contributes to over 88,000 deaths per year and costs over $250 billion annually. While previous studies have shown that excessive alcohol use can be detected from general patterns of social media engagement, we characterized how drinking-specific language varies across regions and cultures in the US. From a database of 38 billion public tweets, we selected those mentioning “drunk”, found the words and phrases distinctive of drinking posts, and then clustered these into topics and sets of semantically related words. We identified geolocated “drunk” tweets and correlated their language with the prevalence of self-reported excessive alcohol consumption (Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; BRFSS). We then identified linguistic markers associated with excessive drinking in different regions and cultural communities as identified by the American Community Project. “Drunk” tweet frequency (of the 3.3 million geolocated “drunk” tweets) correlated with excessive alcohol consumption at both the county and state levels (r = 0.26 and 0.45, respectively, p < 0.01). Topic analyses revealed that excessive alcohol consumption was most correlated with references to drinking with friends (r = 0.20), family (r = 0.15), and driving under the influence (r = 0.14). Using the American Community Project classification, we found a number of cultural markers of drinking: religious communities had a high frequency of anti-drunk driving tweets, Hispanic centers discussed family members drinking, and college towns discussed sexual behavior. This study shows that Twitter can be used to explore the specific sociocultural contexts in which excessive alcohol use occurs within particular regions and communities. These findings can inform more targeted public health messaging and help to better understand cultural determinants of substance abuse.

SF‐6D utility scores for alcohol use disorder status and alcohol consumption risk levels in the US population

Addiction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Barbosa ◽  
Jeremy W. Bray ◽  
William N. Dowd ◽  
Alan Barnosky ◽  
Eve Wittenberg
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
The Us ◽  
Consumption Risk ◽  
Utility Scores

scholarly journals The State of Oncology Practice in America, 2018: Results of the ASCO Practice Census Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. e412-e420 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kelsey Kirkwood ◽  
Amy Hanley ◽  
Suanna S. Bruinooge ◽  
Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer ◽  
Laura A. Levit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Health Care Environment ◽  
Care Environment ◽  
Practice Size ◽  
Size Number ◽  
The Us ◽  
Day To Day Operations ◽  
Oncology Practice ◽  
Survey Responses

[Media: see text] Purpose: To describe the US hematology and medical oncology practice landscape and to report findings of the sixth annual ASCO Oncology Practice Census survey. Participants and Methods: ASCO used Medicare Physician Compare data to characterize oncology practices in the United States. Practice size, number of care sites, and geographic distribution were determined. Trends in the number and size of practices from 2013 to 2017 were examined. All US oncology practices were targeted for the survey; survey responses were linked to the practices identified from Physician Compare to augment results and assess generalizability. Results: More than 2,200 hematology/oncology practices provided care to adult patients in 2017. We observed annual decreases in the number of practices and annual increases in practice size. Of the 2017 practices, 394 (18%) completed the survey and accounted for 58% of the US hematologist/oncologist workforce (n = 7,203). Respondents tended to be larger and encompass more sites of care than nonrespondents. Surveyed practices cited payers (58%), competition (38%), and staffing (37%) as primary sources of strain. Prior authorization was dominant among payer pressures (78%). Electronic health records remained a burden on practices, with only 15% reporting full interoperability. Conclusion: The results of ASCO’s 2017 survey indicate that oncology practices are challenged by day-to-day operations, often related to payment, reimbursement, and competition. Our findings likely represent conservative estimates of such burdens because they are driven by responses from midsized to large-sized organizations, which have lower relative administrative burden, greater market influence, and potentially better ability to adapt in a changing health care environment.

The relationship between sleep and physical activity: The moderating role of daily alcohol consumption

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunjin Lee Tracy ◽  
Kathryn Jean Reid ◽  
Kelly Glazer Baron
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Fragmentation ◽  
Activity Duration ◽  
Alcoholic Drinks ◽  
Physical Activity Duration

Abstract Study objectives Studies have demonstrated a daily, bidirectional relationship between sleep and physical activity. However, little is known about how other health behaviors, such as alcohol consumption affect this relationship. This study examined how daily and average alcohol consumption affects the relationships between sleep and physical activity. Methods Participants included 70 men and women, ages 18-50 with sleep duration &gt;6.5 h. Participants wore an actigraph, physical activity monitor and recorded number of alcoholic drinks by daily food logs for 7 days. Results were analyzed using multi-level models to evaluate the 7-day average (i.e., between-person effects) and daily effects (i.e., within-person effects) simultaneously. Results Those with more average (7 day) minutes of vigorous physical activity had less wake after sleep onset (WASO). Furthermore, a higher number of alcoholic drinks was associated with longer sleep duration and higher WASO over 7 days. Days with a higher number of alcoholic drinks were associated with higher WASO and sleep fragmentation that night. Alcohol intake moderated the average (7 day) and daily relationships between sleep and physical activity such that high average (7 days) WASO was associated with shorter average total physical activity duration, but only for those with higher alcohol intake. In addition, longer physical activity duration during the day was associated with lower sleep fragmentation that night, but only for those with lower alcohol intake. Conclusions These data demonstrate that in a naturalistic setting, alcohol intake negatively impacts sleep and diminishes the benefits of physical activity on sleep.

Abstract 17128: Sleep Irregularity is Associated With Increased All-Cause Mortality

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adarsh Katamreddy ◽  
Dipan Uppal ◽  
Gokul Ramani ◽  
Saul Rios ◽  
Jeremy Miles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Subdistribution Hazard ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Introduction: Circadian rhythm disruptions are associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. We aim to investigate if day-to-day variation in sleep duration and onset of sleep are associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Methods: 388 subjects with sleep data from Midlife in the United States(MIDUS) 2 Biomarker study(2004-09) were included. Objective sleep data was measured using the Actiwatch® device. Sleep onset, duration, sleep-wake cycles were collected for 7 consecutive days. Mean and standard deviations in sleep duration and time of onset of sleep over 7 days were calculated to assess for sleep irregularity and tertiles created. Mortality data was available with a follow up until December 2016. Cox proportional regression analysis was performed. Competing risk analysis for cardiovascular mortality was done with fine and gray subdistribution hazard. Results: Mean age 54.56±11.79 years; females 230(59.3%). BMI 30.56±7.06 kg/m 2. Over a median of 8.6 years follow up, 37 patients died including 10 deaths due to cardiovascular mortality. Sleep duration SD tertiles ranges were: 11-41 minutes, 42-67 minutes and 68-257 minutes in lowest to highest tertiles respectively. There was no statistically significant increase in cardiovascular mortality with variation in sleep duration. Tertile 3 vs 1: HR 4.00(0.45-35.48,p 0.21), but there was statically significant increase in all-cause mortality tertile 2vs1 and 3vs1 -HR 3.63(1.19-10.99, p 0.02), HR 3.99(1.33-11.94, p 0.01) respectively. Fully adjusted model showed tertile 2vs1 and 3vs1 HR 3.51(1.12-10.99, p 0.03), HR 4.85(1.52-15.49, P < 0.01) respectively. Conclusions: Day to day variation in sleep duration is associated with increased all-cause mortality but not cardiovascular mortality after adjusting for mean sleep duration, inflammation, diabetes, age, BMI, renal function and blood pressure.

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