Distribution And Population Of Chukar Partrigde (Alectoris chukar) In District Bajuar, KPK, Pakistan

The Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar) is a wild bird of the Phasianidae family. In Pakistan, it occurs in a wide range of rugged, sloping and dry areas, rising to the interior of the Himalayas, the western Himalayas and plains, the higher piedmont valleys on the dry slopes of the Baluchistan provinces and Punjab and Sindh provinces. It is the "national bird" of Pakistan, however, little is known about its ecology and reproduction in the northern part of the country. This study investigated the existence, distribution and population of birds in the Bajaur region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Province from December 2019 to August 2020. Usually in the early morning (5 to 78 AM) and evening (4 to 9 pm). The areas occupied by Alectoris chukar mainly include Mulberry, Ficus banyan, Gum arabic, Arabian acacia, Barberes lycium, Dilberia sisso, Melia azedarach, Ailanthus, Alalthus altissima, Zanthoxylum alatum, Olea europaea, Olea europaea, Ingres, Celtis eriocarpa and Pinus wallichiana. Habitat destruction (overgrazing, mowing and landslides) caused by hunting, shooting, capture, explosives, excavation, and road construction is the main threat to existing wildlife (including Alectoris chukar).

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Control del clavo de la guayaba con extractos de plantas

Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas ◽

10.29312/remexca.v11i2.2071 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 365-376

Author(s):

Ernesto González-Gaona ◽

Héctor Silos-Espino ◽

Catarino Perales- Segovia ◽

José Saúl Padilla-Ramírez ◽

Irma Guadalupe López-Muraira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Olea Europaea ◽

Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽

Melia Azedarach ◽

Ruta Graveolens ◽

Rumex Crispus ◽

Olea Europaea L ◽

Bursera Simaruba ◽

Olea Europaéa

Los extractos elaborados por maceración alcohólica presentaron la mayor inhibición del crecimiento del hongo P. clavispora con respecto de la maceración en agua o de la infusión. En bioensayos con extractos alcohólicos concentrados con rotovapor y filtrados, los extractos de jaral (Cistus sp.), aceitilla (Bidens odorata Cav.), mezquite (Prosopis laevigata Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.), paraíso (Melia azedarach L.), olivo (Olea europaea L.), trompillo (Solanum eleagnifolium Cav.), lantana (Lantana sp.), romero (Rosmarinus sp.), ruda (Ruta graveolens L.), venadilla (Bursera simaruba (L.) SARG.), lengua de vaca (Rumex crispus L.) y eucalipto australiano (Corymbia (=Eucalyptus) gummifera (Gaertn.) Hill & Johnson) mostraron reducciones del crecimiento del hongo, superiores al 90%. En campo, los extractos de plantas de eucalipto rojo (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) y eucalipto australiano (Corymbia gummifera) mostraron menores daños que los fungicidas de síntesis química evaluados. Lo anterior, indica que es factible el uso de estos extractos en el control del hongo P. clavispora, disminuyendo el impacto ambiental.

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Seed ecology of the invasive woody plant African Olive (Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata): implications for management and restoration

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt10061 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 58 (5) ◽

pp. 342 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Peter Cuneo ◽

Catherine A. Offord ◽

Michelle R. Leishman

Keyword(s):

Olea Europaea ◽

Woody Plant ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Rapid Decline ◽

Physical Dormancy ◽

Seed Ecology ◽

Eastern Australia ◽

Wide Range ◽

Olea Europaéa

Knowledege of the seed ecology of invasive exotic species, including soil seedbank dynamics, is essential to understanding key factors in successful invasion and in identifying management opportunities. African Olive, Olea europaea L. subsp. cuspidata, is an exotic invasive woody plant in Hawaii, Norfolk Island and eastern Australia, and is now well established in the Cumberland Plain region of western Sydney, Australia. In the present study, the key aspects of the seed ecology of African Olive were determined for populations in western Sydney. Extracted seed germinated at a wide range of temperatures, consistent with tolerance of a wide range of climatic conditions. A seed-burial experiment indicated a slow decrease in viability down to 70.3% during the first year, followed by a rapid decline down to 14.7% in the second year. Probit analysis indicated that under field conditions, seed persistence in the soil was ~29 months (2.4 years). In situ germination was low (3.3%) and did not occur until the mechanical constriction of the endocarp was released through decomposition. The woody seed endocarp was found to be permeable to water, indicating that physical dormancy was not imposed by providing a barrier to water uptake. Within its invasive range, African Olive produces abundant seed. However, the rapid loss of viability of soil-stored seed results in a narrow window of opportunity for germination. The short persistence of seed in the soil may provide an opportunity for managers to achieve control of African Olive once mature plants are removed.

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