scholarly journals Transgenerational impact of aberrant inflammation in rat pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takafumi Ushida ◽  
Tiziana Cotechini ◽  
Nicole Protopapas ◽  
Aline Atallah ◽  
Charlotte Collyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Abnormal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Transporter 1 ◽  
Maternal Inflammation ◽  
Increased Risk

Children of women with pre-eclampsia have increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) and metabolic disease in adult life. Furthermore, the risk of pregnancy complications is higher in daughters born to women affected by pre-eclampsia than in daughters born after uncomplicated pregnancies. While aberrant inflammation contributes to the pathophysiology of pregnancy complications, including pre-eclampsia, the contribution of maternal inflammation to subsequent risk of CV and metabolic disease as well as pregnancy complications in the offspring remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that 24-week-old female rats (F1) born to dams (F0) exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during pregnancy (to induce inflammation) exhibited mild systolic dysfunction, increased cardiac growth-related gene expression, abnormal glucose tolerance and coagulopathy; whereas male F1 offspring exhibited abnormal glucose tolerance and increased visceral fat accumulation compared with F1 sex-matched offspring born to saline-treated dams. Both male and female F1 offspring born to LPS-treated dams had evidence of anemia. Fetuses (F2) from F1 females born to LPS-treated dams were growth restricted, and this reduction in fetal growth was associated with increased CD68 positivity and decreased expression of glucose transporter-1 in their utero-placental units. These results indicate that abnormal maternal inflammation can contribute to increased risk of CV and metabolic disease in offspring, and that the effects of inflammation may be transgenerational. This study provides evidence in support of early screening for CV and metabolic disease, as well as pregnancy complications in offspring affected by pre-eclampsia or other pregnancy complications associated with aberrant inflammation.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical Markers for Prospective Studies in Neurofibromatosis-1 Porcine Models

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 607-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Meyerholz ◽  
Georgina K. Ofori-Amanfo ◽  
Mariah R. Leidinger ◽  
J. Adam Goeken ◽  
Rajesh Khanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Inflammatory Factor ◽  
Glucose Transporter 1 ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Calbindin D

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common, cancer-predisposing disease caused by mutations in the NF1 tumor gene. Patients with NF1 have an increased risk for benign and malignant tumors of the nervous system (e.g., neurofibromas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, gliomas) and other tissues (e.g., leukemias, rhabdomyosarcoma, etc.) as well as increased susceptibility to learning disabilities, chronic pain/migraines, hypertension, pigmentary changes, and developmental lesions (e.g., tibial pseudoarthrosis). Pigs are an attractive and upcoming animal model for future NF1 studies, but a potential limitation to porcine model research has been the lack of validated reagents for direct translational study to humans. To address that issue, we used formalin-fixed tissues (human and pigs) to evaluate select immunohistochemical markers (activated caspase-3, allograft inflammatory factor-1, beta-tubulin III, calbindin D, CD13, CD20, desmin, epithelial membrane antigen, glial fibrillary acidic protein, glucose transporter-1, laminin, myelin basic protein, myoglobin, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, S100, vimentin, and von Willebrand factor). The markers were validated by comparing known expression and localization in human and pig tissues. Validation of these markers on fixed tissues will facilitate prospective immunohistochemical studies of NF1 pigs, as well as other pig models, in a more efficient, reproducible, and translationally relevant manner.

scholarly journals Cardiac Diastolic Evaluation in Pregnant Women with Abnormal Glucose Tolerance: An Opportunity to Detect the Early and Subclinical Alterations and Prevent Cardiovascular Diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Pintaudi ◽  
G. Di Vieste ◽  
F. Corrado ◽  
M. F. Creazzo ◽  
A. Fazio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Diastolic Function ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Abnormal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Increased Risk

Objectives of this study were to assess diastolic function in pregnant women with abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT), compared with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) women, and to evaluate the insulin resistance status and its association with Doppler-echocardiographic indexes. Echocardiograms of 108 consecutive Caucasian women with singleton pregnancies were performed. Insulin resistance status was estimated by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). All the studied women showed normal diastolic patterns. Patients with AGT (50.9%), as compared with NGT women, had higher HOMA-IR (1.70±1.30versus1.01±0.81,P=0.003), lower QUICKI (0.36±0.005versus0.40±0.06,P=0.004), higher lateral mitral annulus late diastolic velocity (13.6±4.9versus11.9±4.9,P=0.03), and higher A-wave velocity, the wave responsible for the active atrial contraction component (75.2±14.2versus67.7±16.2,P=0.01). At multivariate regression analysis HOMA-IR was the only parameter associated with A-wave velocity. In conclusion, women with AGT had an increased subclinical diastolic active participation, which is associated with higher levels of insulin resistance. For the increased risk of deterioration of cardiac diastolic function, earlier and more seriously than normal pregnancy, AGT women may have a careful followup to detect the early signs of cardiac alteration and to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

17 beta-Estradiol modulation of glucose transporter 1 expression in blood-brain barrier

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (6) ◽  
pp. E1016-E1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Shi ◽  
J. W. Simpkins
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Northern Blotting ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Glucose Transporter 1 ◽  
Glut 1 ◽  
Blood Brain

The present study was designed to evaluate 17 beta-estradiol (E2) modulation of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) protein and mRNA expression in blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelium. Female rats were ovariectomized (OVX) for 12-14 days, then E2 was injected at dosages of 1-100 micrograms/kg sc at 2-16 h before sampling. Glucose transport into BBB endothelial cells was assessed using 2-deoxy-[14C]glucose (2-[14C]DG) uptake. GLUT-1 protein and mRNA samples were analyzed by Western and Northern blotting, respectively. E2 treatment caused dose- and time-dependent increases in 2-[14C]DG uptake and GLUT-1 protein expression by microvessels. The peak responses were induced by 10 micrograms/kg E2 dose at the 4-h sampling time (36.0 and 31.3% increases, P < 0.05, respectively). GLUT-1 mRNA demonstrated a transient increase at 15 min (55%, P < 0.05), then decreased to basal level by 2 h. This study shows that in vivo treatment with E2 increases 2-[14C]DG uptake into the BBB endothelial cells and suggests this E2 effect is due to its modulation of GLUT-1 mRNA and protein.

scholarly journals Metabolic profile of antipsychotic-naive individuals with non-affective psychosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 194 (5) ◽  
pp. 434-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Fernandez-Egea ◽  
Miguel Bernardo ◽  
Thomas Donner ◽  
Ignacio Conget ◽  
Eduard Parellada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Abnormal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Affective Psychosis ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundSome studies suggest individuals with schizophrenia have an increased risk of diabetes prior to antipsychotic use. Small sample sizes and the potential for confounding by hypercortisolaemia have decreased confidence in those results.AimsTo examine diabetes-related factors in newly diagnosed, antipsychotic-naive people with non-affective psychosis.MethodParticipants with psychosis (the psychosis group; n = 50) and matched controls (the control group; n = 50) were given a 2 h oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting concentrations were also determined for adiponectin, interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein.ResultsCompared with the control group, the psychosis group had significant increases in 2 h glucose and interleukin-6 concentrations, and in the prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance (16% of psychosis group v. 0% of control group). Adiponectin and C-reactive protein concentrations did not differ significantly between the two groups. These findings could not be attributed to differences in cortisol concentrations, smoking, gender, neighbourhood of residence, body mass index, aerobic conditioning, ethnicity, socioeconomic status or age.ConclusionsIndividuals with non-affective psychosis appear to have an increased prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance prior to antipsychotic treatment, as well as abnormalities in a related inflammatory molecule. These underlying problems may contribute to the metabolic side-effects of antipsychotic medications.

scholarly journals Quercetin-3-O-glucoside Improves Glucose Tolerance in Rats and Decreases Intestinal Sugar Uptake in Caco-2 Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denys Torres-Villarreal ◽  
Alberto Camacho ◽  
Fermín I. Milagro ◽  
Rocío Ortiz-Lopez ◽  
Ana Laura de la Garza
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Sugar Uptake ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Glucose Transporter 1 ◽  
Glucose Transporter 2

Flavonoid-rich foods intake has been associated with lower risk of non-communicable chronic diseases. Quercetin is the most abundant flavonoid in nature (fruits, vegetables, leaves and grains) as well as the most consumed flavonol. This study aims to investigate the potential effects of its conjugated form quercetin-3- O-glucoside (or isoquercetin) on glucose metabolism in rats and Caco-2 cells. To analyse the effect of quercetin-3- O-glucoside on postprandial hyperglycemia, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted in Wistar rats. Additionally, Caco-2 cells were used to determine the effect of quercetin-3- O-glucoside (30 to 60 μM) on mRNA expression of genes involved in glucose uptake by RT-PCR. Thereby, in vivo studies demonstrated that quercetin-3- O-glucoside decreased blood glucose levels evaluated by OGTT in rats. Furthermore, in the presence of Na+, quercetin-3- O-glucoside inhibited methylglucoside (MG) uptake in enterocytes and both sodium dependent glucose transporter-1 (SGLT1)- and glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2)-mediated glucose uptake were downregulated in Caco-2 cells incubated with quercetin-3- O-glucoside. In summary, our results show that quercetin-3- O-glucoside improves postprandial glycemic control in rats and reduces sugar uptake in Caco-2 cells, possible by decreasing the expression of glucose transporters (SGLT1 and GLUT2) according to the results obtained through RT-PCR.

scholarly journals Abnormal Glucose Tolerance and Increased Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in Japanese-Americans With Normal Fasting Glucose

Diabetes Care ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Liao ◽  
J. B. Shofer ◽  
E. J. Boyko ◽  
M. J. McNeely ◽  
D. L. Leonetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Japanese Americans ◽  
Abnormal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Normal Fasting Glucose
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