5‑Aminolevulinic acid combined with ferrous iron improves glucose tolerance in high‑fat diet‑fed mice via upregulation of glucose transporter 1

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of heat-killed and live Lactobacillus on mice with diabetes induced by high-fat diet with streptozotocin (STZ). Results based on body weight and liver pathological changes, oral glucose tolerance test, and related serum index (AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), MDA (malondialdehyde), TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor α), INS (insulin), and GC (glucagon) and gene expression of IL-1β (Interleukin 1β), IRS-1(Insulin receptor substrate 1), GLUT-4 (glucose transporter type 4), PPARγ (peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ), and SREBP-1c (sterol-regulatory element-binding protein-1c) levels indicated that Lactobacillus fermentum (LF) and Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) could increase the average weight, alleviate the degree of damage in the liver, and improve the glucose tolerance of mice with diabetes. LF and LP also participated in the downregulation of AST, ALT, MDA, TNF-α, INS, and GC in serum, as well as the inhibition of IL-1β, TNF-α, IRS-1, GLUT-4, PPARγ, and SREBP-1c expression. These regulating effects were remarkable, and the regulating effect of the live group was significantly better than that of the heat-killed group. This study suggested that LF and LP can significantly alleviate liver damage and hepatic insulin resistance in mice with diabetes and that the acting mechanisms of LF and LP were related to cellular components and their activities.

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Comparison between pre-exercise casein peptide and intact casein supplementation on glucose tolerance in mice fed a high-fat diet

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2017-0485 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 355-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yutaka Matsunaga ◽

Yuki Tamura ◽

Yasuyuki Sakata ◽

Yudai Nonaka ◽

Noriko Saito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Endurance Training ◽

Soleus Muscle ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Glucose Transporter ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Abdominal Fat ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

High Fat

We hypothesized that along with exercise, casein peptide supplementation would have a higher impact on improving glucose tolerance than intact casein. Male 6-week-old ICR mice were provided a high-fat diet to induce obesity and glucose intolerance. The mice were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups: control (Con), endurance training (Tr), endurance training with intact casein supplementation (Cas+Tr), and endurance training with casein peptide supplementation (CP+Tr). The mice in each group were orally administrated water, intact casein, or casein peptide (1.0 mg/g body weight, every day), and then subjected to endurance training (15–25 m/min, 60 min, 5 times/week for 4 weeks) on a motor-driven treadmill 30 min after ingestion. Our results revealed that total intra-abdominal fat was significantly lower in CP+Tr than in Con (p < 0.05). Following an oral glucose tolerance test, the blood glucose area under the curve (AUC) was found to be significantly smaller for CP+Tr than for Con (p < 0.05). Moreover, in the soleus muscle, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein levels were significantly higher in CP+Tr than in Con (p < 0.01). However, intra-abdominal fat, blood glucose AUC, and GLUT4 protein content in the soleus muscle did not alter in Tr and Cas+Tr when compared with Con. These observations suggest that pre-exercise casein peptide supplementation has a higher effect on improving glucose tolerance than intact casein does in mice fed a high-fat diet.

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High-fat diet affects pregestational adiposity and glucose tolerance perturbing gestational placental macronutrient transporters culminating in an obese offspring in wild-type and glucose transporter isoform 3 heterozygous null mice

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.09.001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 62 ◽

pp. 192-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amit Ganguly ◽

Sherin U. Devaskar

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Glucose Transporter ◽

Wild Type ◽

High Fat

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High level overexpression of glucose transporter-4 driven by an adipose-specific promoter is maintained in transgenic mice on a high fat diet, but does not prevent impaired glucose tolerance.

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/endo.136.3.7867610 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 136 (3) ◽

pp. 995-1002 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

L Gnudi ◽

E Tozzo ◽

P R Shepherd ◽

J L Bliss ◽

B B Kahn

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Transgenic Mice ◽

Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Glucose Transporter ◽

Glucose Transporter 4 ◽

High Fat ◽

High Level

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Methionine restriction plus overload improves skeletal muscle and metabolic health in old mice on a high fat diet

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81037-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anandini Swaminathan ◽

Andrej Fokin ◽

Tomas Venckūnas ◽

Hans Degens

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Control Diet ◽

Metabolic Health ◽

High Fat ◽

Methionine Restriction ◽

Old Mice

AbstractMethionine restriction (MR) has been shown to reduce the age-induced inflammation. We examined the effect of MR (0.17% methionine, 10% kCal fat) and MR + high fat diet (HFD) (0.17% methionine, 45% kCal fat) on body mass, food intake, glucose tolerance, resting energy expenditure, hind limb muscle mass, denervation-induced atrophy and overload-induced hypertrophy in young and old mice. In old mice, MR and MR + HFD induced a decrease in body mass. Muscle mass per body mass was lower in old compared to young mice. MR restored some of the HFD-induced reduction in muscle oxidative capacity. The denervation-induced atrophy of the m. gastrocnemius was larger in animals on MR than on a control diet, irrespective of age. Old mice on MR had larger hypertrophy of m. plantaris. Irrespective of age, MR and MR + HFD had better glucose tolerance compared to the other groups. Young and old mice on MR + HFD had a higher resting VO2 per body mass than HFD group. Mice on MR and MR + HFD had a resting respiratory quotient closer to 0.70, irrespective of age, indicating an increased utilization of lipids. In conclusion, MR in combination with resistance training may improve skeletal muscle and metabolic health in old age even in the face of obesity.

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Distinct Effects of a High Fat Diet on Bone in Skeletally Mature and Developing Male C57BL/6J Mice

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13051666 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1666

Author(s):

Dean S. Ross ◽

Tzu-Hsuan Yeh ◽

Shalinie King ◽

Julia Mathers ◽

Mark S. Rybchyn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Glucose Intolerance ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Age Groups ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Rna Expression ◽

High Fat ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Skeletal Fragility

Increased risks of skeletal fractures are common in patients with impaired glucose handling and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The pathogenesis of skeletal fragility in these patients remains ill-defined as patients present with normal to high bone mineral density. With increasing cases of glucose intolerance and T2DM it is imperative that we develop an accurate rodent model for further investigation. We hypothesized that a high fat diet (60%) administered to developing male C57BL/6J mice that had not reached skeletal maturity would over represent bone microarchitectural implications, and that skeletally mature mice would better represent adult-onset glucose intolerance and the pre-diabetes phenotype. Two groups of developing (8 week) and mature (12 week) male C57BL/6J mice were placed onto either a normal chow (NC) or high fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed throughout the study period. Long bones were excised and analysed for ex vivo biomechanical testing, micro-computed tomography, 2D histomorphometry and gene/protein expression analyses. The HFD increased fasting blood glucose and significantly reduced glucose tolerance in both age groups by week 7 of the diets. The HFD reduced biomechanical strength, both cortical and trabecular indices in the developing mice, but only affected cortical outcomes in the mature mice. Similar results were reflected in the 2D histomorphometry. Tibial gene expression revealed decreased bone formation in the HFD mice of both age groups, i.e., decreased osteocalcin expression and increased sclerostin RNA expression. In the mature mice only, while the HFD led to a non-significant reduction in runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) RNA expression, this decrease became significant at the protein level in the femora. Our mature HFD mouse model more accurately represents late-onset impaired glucose tolerance/pre-T2DM cases in humans and can be used to uncover potential insights into reduced bone formation as a mechanism of skeletal fragility in these patients.

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Partial Deficiency of Zfp217 Resists High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity by Increasing Energy Metabolism in Mice

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22105390 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (10) ◽

pp. 5390

Author(s):

Qianhui Zeng ◽

Nannan Wang ◽

Yaru Zhang ◽

Yuxuan Yang ◽

Shuangshuang Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Energy Metabolism ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Chow Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Glycolipid Metabolism ◽

Partial Deficiency

Obesity-induced adipose tissue dysfunction and disorders of glycolipid metabolism have become a worldwide research priority. Zfp217 plays a crucial role in adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, but about its functions in animal models are not yet clear. To explore the role of Zfp217 in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice, global Zfp217 heterozygous knockout (Zfp217+/−) mice were constructed. Zfp217+/− mice and Zfp217+/+ mice fed a normal chow diet (NC) did not differ significantly in weight gain, percent body fat mass, glucose tolerance, or insulin sensitivity. When challenged with HFD, Zfp217+/− mice had less weight gain than Zfp217+/+ mice. Histological observations revealed that Zfp217+/− mice fed a high-fat diet had much smaller white adipocytes in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). Zfp217+/− mice had improved metabolic profiles, including improved glucose tolerance, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and increased energy expenditure compared to the Zfp217+/+ mice under HFD. We found that adipogenesis-related genes were increased and metabolic thermogenesis-related genes were decreased in the iWAT of HFD-fed Zfp217+/+ mice compared to Zfp217+/− mice. In addition, adipogenesis was markedly reduced in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from Zfp217-deleted mice. Together, these data indicate that Zfp217 is a regulator of energy metabolism and it is likely to provide novel insight into treatment for obesity.

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Vagotomy Reduces Insulin Clearance in Obese Mice Programmed by Low-Protein Diet in the Adolescence

Neural Plasticity ◽

10.1155/2017/9652978 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Camila Lubaczeuski ◽

Luciana Mateus Gonçalves ◽

Jean Franciesco Vettorazzi ◽

Mirian Ayumi Kurauti ◽

Junia Carolina Santos-Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Secretion ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Insulin Clearance ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Low Protein Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Insulin Degrading Enzyme ◽

Low Protein

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy on insulin sensitivity, secretion, and degradation in metabolic programmed mice, induced by a low-protein diet early in life, followed by exposure to a high-fat diet in adulthood. Weaned 30-day-old C57Bl/6 mice were submitted to a low-protein diet (6% protein). After 4 weeks, the mice were distributed into three groups: LP group, which continued receiving a low-protein diet; LP + HF group, which started to receive a high-fat diet; and LP + HFvag group, which underwent vagotomy and also was kept at a high-fat diet. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in isolated islets, ipGTT, ipITT, in vivo insulin clearance, and liver expression of the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) was accessed. Vagotomy improved glucose tolerance and reduced insulin secretion but did not alter adiposity and insulin sensitivity in the LP + HFvag, compared with the LP + HF group. Improvement in glucose tolerance was accompanied by increased insulinemia, probably due to a diminished insulin clearance, as judged by the lower C-peptide : insulin ratio, during the ipGTT. Finally, vagotomy also reduced liver IDE expression in this group. In conclusion, when submitted to vagotomy, the metabolic programmed mice showed improved glucose tolerance, associated with an increase of plasma insulin concentration as a result of insulin clearance reduction, a phenomenon probably due to diminished liver IDE expression.

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