scholarly journals Divergent phenotypic plasticity of a convergent Mendelian trait in Drosophila

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascaline Francelle ◽  
Jean R David ◽  
Amir Yassin
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Melanin Synthesis ◽  
Thermal Plasticity ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Phenotypic Convergence

In Drosophila, comparisons of the thermal plasticity of pigmentation across serially homologous abdominal segments have been conducted in two species, namely Drosophila melanogaster and D. kikkawai. Pigmentation variation has different genetic architecture in the two species, being oligogenic in the former and monogenic in the later. Here, we analyze the thermal plasticity of abdominal pigmentation in a third species, D. erecta, which is phylogenetically close to D. melanogaster but like D. kikkawai has a monogenic basis for pigmentation variation. However, the underlying locus differs between D. erecta and D. kikkawai, being the X-linked melanin-synthesis gene tan in the former and the autosomal transcription factor pdm3 in the later. We found that in spite of a low overall plasticity in monogenic species compared to D. melanogaster, the two monogenic species showed divergent plasticity patterns in respect to the response to temperature and to the degree of dominance in heterozygotes. Those results provide new insights on the dependence of the degree of plasticity on the genetic architecture as well as on the extent of phenotypic convergence.

scholarly journals Limited genetic variation for male mating success reveals low evolutionary potential for thermal plasticity in Drosophila melanogaster

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Waller ◽  
Anna Kell ◽  
Mireia Ballesta ◽  
Aude Giraud ◽  
Jessica K. Abbott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Mating Success ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Male Mating Success ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Thermal Plasticity

AbstractPopulations respond to novel environmental challenges either through genetic changes, through adaptive phenotypic plasticity for the traits in question, or by a combination of these factors. Here, we investigated the evolutionary potential of phenotypic plasticity for male mating success, locomotory ability, and heating rate (a physiological performance trait) in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, using isogenic male lines from the Drosophila Reference Genome Panel (DGRP) and hemi-clonal males. We quantified thermal reaction norms of how male mating success changed in relation to a temperate gradient, ranging from cold (18 °C) via optimal (24 °C) to hot and stressful environments (either 30 °C or 36 °C). We found significant differences in male mating success and locomotory performance between different lines, as well as significant main effects of temperature, but no significant genotype-by-environment interactions (GEI:s). A statistical power analysis revealed that the variance explained by GEI:s for thermal plasticity using this sample size is likely to be modest or very small, and represent only 4% of the total variation in male mating success. The lack of strong GEI:s for these two behavioral traits contrast with the presence of significant GEI:s for male heating rate, as measured by thermal imaging (infrared camera technology). These results suggest that sexual selection through male mating success is not likely to be efficient in mediating evolutionary rescue through changed plasticity in response to changing temperatures.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Phenotypic Plasticity in Response to Temperature Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2429-2440
Author(s):  
Francois Mallard ◽  
Viola Nolte ◽  
Christian Schlötterer
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Ancestral Population ◽  
Thermal Environments ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Thermal Plasticity ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Response To Temperature

Abstract Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of a single genotype to produce different phenotypes in response to environmental variation. The importance of phenotypic plasticity in natural populations and its contribution to phenotypic evolution during rapid environmental change is widely debated. Here, we show that thermal plasticity of gene expression in natural populations is a key component of its adaptation: evolution to novel thermal environments increases ancestral plasticity rather than mean genetic expression. We determined the evolution of plasticity in gene expression by conducting laboratory natural selection on a Drosophila simulans population in hot and cold environments. After more than 60 generations in the hot environment, 325 genes evolved a change in plasticity relative to the natural ancestral population. Plasticity increased in 75% of these genes, which were strongly enriched for several well-defined functional categories (e.g., chitin metabolism, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation). Furthermore, we show that plasticity in gene expression of populations exposed to different temperatures is rather similar across species. We conclude that most of the ancestral plasticity can evolve further in more extreme environments.

THE GENETICS OF PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY. IX. GENETIC ARCHITECTURE, TEMPERATURE, AND SEX DIFFERENCES IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Evolution ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dev Karan ◽  
Jean-Philippe Morin ◽  
Patricia Gibert ◽  
Brigitte Moreteau ◽  
Samuel M. Scheiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Genetic Architecture

scholarly journals Sparse evidence for selection on phenotypic plasticity in response to temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1768) ◽  
pp. 20180185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter A. Arnold ◽  
Adrienne B. Nicotra ◽  
Loeske E. B. Kruuk
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Mixed Model Approach ◽  
Thermal Plasticity ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Rapid Environmental Change

Phenotypic plasticity is frequently assumed to be an adaptive mechanism by which organisms cope with rapid changes in their environment, such as shifts in temperature regimes owing to climate change. However, despite this adaptive assumption, the nature of selection on plasticity within populations is still poorly documented. Here, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of estimates of selection on thermal plasticity. Although there is a large literature on thermal plasticity, we found very few studies that estimated coefficients of selection on measures of plasticity. Those that did do not provide strong support for selection on plasticity, with the majority of estimates of directional selection on plasticity being weak and non-significant, and no evidence for selection on plasticity overall. Although further estimates are clearly needed before general conclusions can be drawn, at present there is not clear empirical support for any assumption that plasticity in response to temperature is under selection. We present a multivariate mixed model approach for robust estimation of selection on plasticity and demonstrate how it can be implemented. Finally, we highlight the need to consider the environments, traits and conditions under which plasticity is (or is not) likely to be under selection, if we are to understand phenotypic responses to rapid environmental change. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The role of plasticity in phenotypic adaptation to rapid environmental change’.

scholarly journals THE GENETICS OF PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY. IX. GENETIC ARCHITECTURE, TEMPERATURE, AND SEX DIFFERENCES IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Evolution ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 1035-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dev Karan ◽  
Jean-Philippe Morin ◽  
Patricia Gibert ◽  
Brigitte Moreteau ◽  
Samuel M. Scheiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Genetic Architecture

scholarly journals The evolution of phenotypic plasticity in response to temperature stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois Mallard ◽  
Viola Nolte ◽  
Christian Schlötterer
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Ancestral Population ◽  
Thermal Environments ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Thermal Plasticity ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Response To Temperature

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity is the ability of a single genotype to produce different phenotypes in response to environmental variation. The importance of phenotypic plasticity in natural populations and its contribution to phenotypic evolution during rapid environmental change is widely debated. Here, we show that thermal plasticity of gene expression in natural populations is a key component of its adaptation: evolution to novel thermal environments increases ancestral plasticity rather than mean genetic expression. We determined the evolution of plasticity in gene expression by conducting laboratory natural selection on a Drosophila simulans population in hot and cold environments. After more than 60 generations in the hot environment, 325 genes evolved a change in plasticity relative to the natural ancestral population. Plasticity increased in 75% of these genes, which were strongly enriched for several well-defined functional categories (e.g. chitin metabolism, glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation). Furthermore, we show that plasticity in gene expression of populations exposed to different temperatures is rather similar across species. We conclude that most of the ancestral plasticity can evolve further in more extreme environments.

scholarly journals The Rate of Mutation and the Homozygous and Heterozygous Mutational Effects for Competitive Viability: A Long-Term Experiment With Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 158 (2) ◽  
pp. 681-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Chavarrías ◽  
Carlos López-Fanjul ◽  
Aurora García-Dorado
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Minimum Distance ◽  
Deleterious Mutations ◽  
Regression Estimate ◽  
Term Experiment ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract The effect of 250 generations of mutation accumulation (MA) on the second chromosome competitive viability of Drosophila melanogaster was analyzed both in homozygous and heterozygous conditions. We used full-sib MA lines, where selection hampers the accumulation of severely deleterious mutations but is ineffective against mildly deleterious ones. A large control population was simultaneously evaluated. Competitive viability scores, unaffected by the expression of mutations in heterozygosis, were obtained relative to a Cy/L2 genotype. The rate of decline in mean ΔM ≈ 0.1% was small. However, that of increase in variance ΔV ≈ 0.08 × 10-3 was similar to the values obtained in previous experiments when severely deleterious mutations were excluded. The corresponding estimates of the mutation rate λ ≥ 0.01 and the average effect of mutations E(s) ≤ 0.08 are in good agreement with Bateman-Mukai and minimum distance estimates for noncompetitive viability obtained from the same MA lines after 105 generations. Thus, competitive and noncompetitive viability show similar mutational properties. The regression estimate of the degree of dominance for mild-to-moderate deleterious mutations was ∼0.3, suggesting that the pertinent value for new unselected mutations should be somewhat smaller.

Functions of transcription factor TRF2 Drosophila melanogaster

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-265
Author(s):  
D. V. Kopytova ◽  
M. R. Kopantseva ◽  
E. N. Nabirochkina ◽  
N. E. Vorobyova ◽  
S. G. Georgieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster

scholarly journals Multi-enhancer transcriptional hubs confer phenotypic robustness

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Tsai ◽  
Mariana RP Alves ◽  
Justin Crocker
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Regulatory Region ◽  
Deletion Allele ◽  
Genetic Perturbations ◽  
Transcription Sites ◽  
Phenotypic Robustness ◽  
Transcriptional Output

We previously showed in Drosophila melanogaster embryos that low-affinity Ultrabithorax (Ubx)-responsive shavenbaby (svb) enhancers drive expression using localized transcriptional environments and that active svb enhancers on different chromosomes tended to colocalize (Tsai et al., 2017). Here, we test the hypothesis that these multi-enhancer ‘hubs’ improve phenotypic resilience to stress by buffering against decreases in transcription factor concentrations and transcriptional output. Deleting a redundant enhancer from the svb locus led to reduced trichome numbers in embryos raised at elevated temperatures. Using high-resolution fluorescence microscopy, we observed lower Ubx concentration and transcriptional output in this deletion allele. Transcription sites of the full svb cis-regulatory region inserted into a different chromosome colocalized with the svb locus, increasing Ubx concentration, the transcriptional output of svb, and partially rescuing the phenotype. Thus, multiple enhancers could reinforce a local transcriptional hub to buffer against environmental stresses and genetic perturbations, providing a mechanism for phenotypical robustness.

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