scholarly journals Simulation of aerosol dispersion during medical examinations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Falk ◽  
Sarina K Mueller ◽  
Stefan Kniesburges ◽  
Michael Doellinger
Keyword(s):  
Medical Staff ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
Medical Examiner ◽  
Main Route ◽  
Eulerian Approach ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Aerosol Dispersion ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
Examination Room

The main route of transmission of the SARS-CoV2 virus has been shown to be airborne. The objective of this study is to analyze the aerosol dispersion and potential exposure to medical staff within a typical medical examination room during classical airway procedures. The multiphase simulation of the aerosol particles in the airflow is based on a Lagrangian-Eulerian approach. All simulation cases with surgical mask show partially but significantly reduced maximum dispersion distances of the aerosol particles compared to the cases without surgical mask. The simulations have shown that medical examiner are exposed to large amount of aerosol particles, especially during procedures such as laryngoscopy where the examiner's head is directly in front of the patient's face. However, exposure can be drastically reduced if the patient wears a mask which is possible for the most of the procedures studied, such as otoscopy, sonography, or anamnesis.

scholarly journals MEDICAL ERRORS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE OF PHYSICIANS IN TERNOPIL REGION (UKRAINE)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Franchuk
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Medical Errors ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Medical Malpractice ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
Research Results ◽  
General Statistical ◽  
Professional Occupation ◽  
Medical Examinations

Background. The professional occupation of a doctor quite often meets different imperfections, which have negative outcome for patients.Objective. The study was aimed to investigate the expert characteristics of improper performance of the professional duties by medical staff on the example of a particular region of Ukraine.Methods. In the study the archival materials (commission on forensic medical examinations) held in Ternopil Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination in 2007-2014 years were analysed. The research results are summarized and processed with the use of general statistical methods.Results. It is defined that during this period 112 examinations concerning medical malpractice were implemented (9.05% of all commission examinations).Conclusions. Medical errors were combined, especially during the diagnostics, treatment and in medical records. The majority of cases (82.1%) of medical malpractice were caused by the objective reasons.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE UKRAINIAN FORENSIC MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE ХХ CENTURY

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 446-456
Author(s):  
V. V. Yusupov
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Forensic Institutions ◽  
Post War ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
The Chairs

The issue of development of forensic institutions of Ukraine in the ХХ century was studied. Until 1917, forensic medical examinations were conducted in the medical compartments of the provincial administrations, at the departments of forensic medicine of universities and in hospitals - by police doctors. The chairs of forensic medicine existed in the St. Vladimir Kyiv University, Kharkiv, Novorosiisk and Lviv Universities. Real organization of Ukrainian forensic medical institutions began in 1919 with the creation of the Medical Examination Department at the People’s Commissariat of Health. In 1923, the Main forensic medical inspection, headed by M. S. Bokarius, was founded. In the provinces the positions of forensic medical inspectors were created. In 1927 the sections of biological research were established in the Kharkiv, Kyiv and Odesa institutes of scientific andforensic expertise,where separate forensic examinations were conducted. In 1949 the institutions of forensic medical examination of the USSR were merged into the Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, in Ukraine it was held in 1951. It was proved that forensic medical institutions developed at the following chronological stages: 1) until 1917 - forensic medical service in the Ministry of Internal Affairs; 2) 1917-1941 - prewar formation of forensic medical institutions; 3) 1941-1949 -forensic medical institutions during the war and in the first post-war years; 4) 1949-1990s - period of development of the bureau of forensic medical examinations of the countries of the USSR; 5) since the 1990s - development of expert institutions in the public health care system in independent postSoviet states. It’s stressed that formation of the forensic institutions in Ukraine is closely related with the development of forensic medicine departments of higher educational establishments. Forensic medicine departments were the basisfor practicalforensic medicine, professors provided daily assistance to forensic medical experts.

scholarly journals The implementation of tuberculosis examination of potential employment migrants in the country of departure: evaluation of possibilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Boris I. Sergeev ◽  
I. E. Kazanets
Keyword(s):  
Risk Groups ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
Reliability Of Results ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
Preventive Examination

The migration situation in Russia is characterized by presence of significant number of foreign citizens, including those who are working without official registration and evidence of examination for tuberculosis and other infections. In connection with that, attention is to be paid to propositions concerning organization of preventive examination for tuberculosis in the departure country i.e. medical examination of potential migrants according Russian standards on the basis of local medical institutions. The article presents review of data of official statistics concerning migration and prevalence of tuberculosis including scientific publications about analysis of international experience of organization and implementation of preventive examinations in the departure countries. The experience of implementation of medical examinations of migrants in number of departure countries demonstrates that these programs permit focusing efforts on diagnostic of tuberculosis in one of risk groups hence achieving comparatively high degree of reliability of results and providing economic significance. In the context of conditions in Russia and accounting international experience two scenarios are proposed of implementing preventive examinations for tuberculosis in departure countries: with and without introduction of requirement of preliminary medical inspection of working migrants.

scholarly journals Quantifying the risks of TB infection to cattle posed by badger excreta

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. HUTCHINGS ◽  
S. HARRIS
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Deterministic Approach ◽  
Main Route ◽  
South West ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
High Level ◽  
South West England

Despite strong circumstantial evidence to suggest that the main route of TB transmission from badgers to cattle is via contaminated badger excreta, it is unclear whether the associated risks are high enough to account for the prevalence of the disease in south-west England. To decide whether this was a viable route of transmission, cattle contact with badger excreta was investigated using a deterministic approach to quantify the risks to cattle posed by badger excreta. Levels of investigative and grazing contacts between cattle and badger urine and faeces could each account for the disease prevalence in south-west England. An infection probability of 3·7×10−4 per bite from pasture contaminated with badger urine infected with Mycobacterium bovis could account for the prevalence of TB in cattle in south-west England. Infection probabilities of 6·9×10−7 per investigation and 1·1×10−7 per bite from badger latrines could each account for the prevalence of TB in cattle in the south-west. When considering only the high risk areas of south-west England these bounds fell by a factor of eight. However, badger excreta may still constitute a high level of risk to cattle. The levels of cattle contact with badger excreta are far higher than previously thought, suggesting that it is the probability of infection per given contact with infected badger excreta which has the greater influence on the probability of transmission and not the level of contact. The infection probability per cattle contact with infected badger excreta is in all likelihood extremely low.

Remote automated medical examinations system before admission to work: the experience of Air Liquide

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
A. Skachkov
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
Significant Time ◽  
Time Costs ◽  
Medical Examinations

To identify the influence of various factors on the body of drivers, a regular medical examination is carried out before the trip. Meanwhile, during its conduct, there are problems that consist in significant time costs, lack of necessary equipment, difficulties in conducting examinations at night and on weekends, etc. According to the author, many of these can be solved by creating special remote automated medical examination systems. The article offers solutions implemented by Air Liquide, as well as the results of the analysis of the obtained statistics.

Automation of accounting and reporting of preventive medical exams and clinical examination in medical organizations

10.12737/7354 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Теплякова ◽  
E. Teplyakova ◽  
Щербаков ◽  
S. Shcherbakov
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
Medical Information System ◽  
Medical Organization ◽  
Health Card ◽  
Flexible System ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
Accurate Reporting

Implementation of information technology in health care is one of the urgent tasks of modernization. Questions automation of accounting and reporting on clinical examination carried out by certain groups of adults, clinical examination of orphans, professional examinations and adult medical examination of the child population (preventive, preliminary, periodic) make up a significant part of the activities of medical organizations both in terms of achieving the goals of the organization. The implementation of a software system "health card", its implementation and use in the medical organization is effectively used in the integration of medical information system in a medical organization. The functions of the system meet all the requirements necessary to meet its work regulations governing the procedure and forms for clinical examination and professional examinations, monitoring of accounting work, the results of clinical examination and analysis of professional examinations, the acceleration of employees by automatically filling out forms, flexible system configuration. Integration of "health map" with electronic medical records enables to collect card baseline medical examination (clinical examination) of the input specialists medical examinations and investigations.Automation of accounting and reporting of preventive medical exams and clinical examination allows medical organization to reduce the labor of doctors and other staff to fill in the documentation and accounting work to avoid mistakes in documents and reports, provide timely and accurate reporting of the established forms of the Ministry of Health.

scholarly journals Transmission and Colonization of Pneumocystis jirovecii

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 979
Author(s):  
Cristian Vera ◽  
Zulma Vanessa Rueda
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Asymptomatic Carrier ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Carrier Status ◽  
Main Route ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Colonization Frequency ◽  
History Of ◽  
Infectious Form ◽  
Immunocompetent Patients

Pneumocystis spp. was discovered in 1909 and was classified as a fungus in 1988. The species that infects humans is called P. jirovecii and important characteristics of its genome have recently been discovered. Important advances have been made to understand P. jirovecii, including aspects of its biology, evolution, lifecycle, and pathogenesis; it is now considered that the main route of transmission is airborne and that the infectious form is the asci (cyst), but it is unclear whether there is transmission by direct contact or droplet spread. On the other hand, P. jirovecii has been detected in respiratory secretions of hosts without causing disease, which has been termed asymptomatic carrier status or colonization (frequency in immunocompetent patients: 0–65%, pregnancy: 15.5%, children: 0–100%, HIV-positive patients: 20–69%, cystic fibrosis: 1–22%, and COPD: 16–55%). This article briefly describes the history of its discovery and the nomenclature of Pneumocystis spp., recently uncovered characteristics of its genome, and what research has been done on the transmission and colonization of P. jirovecii. Based on the literature, the authors of this review propose a hypothetical natural history of P. jirovecii infection in humans.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Practices on HIV/AIDS among Injecting Drug Users

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Subhash Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Use ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Main Route ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Hiv Aids

Injecting drug use is the main route of transmission of HIV/AIDS. Injecting Drug Users (IDUs) are one of the high risk groups of this infection. This paper describes the knowledge and practice of HIV in injecting drug users based on quantitative data collected from 154 IDUs by interview schedule. It is concluded that the knowledge about HIV/AIDS amongst the injecting drug users is not a problem. The key problem is sharing used syringe by some users to take drugs to fulfill their urgent compulsion. The gap between knowledge and practice causes them to the vulnerability of the problem.Academic Voices, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2013, Pages 62-67 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/av.v3i1.9990 

scholarly journals Forensic-medical approach to the evaluation of injuries, which are formed in a case of fall of a person from own height to the plane surface, and to the circumstances of their occurrence

2017 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Anatolii Zavalniuk ◽  
Ihor Yukhymets ◽  
Oleksandr Kravets
Keyword(s):  
Plane Surface ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Medical Examiner ◽  
Procedural Code ◽  
Medical Approach ◽  
Medical Examinations

The current Criminal-Procedural Code of Ukraine in case of forensic-medical examinations of injuries requires to determining of their origin from the action of certain traumatic factors and that belongs to the direct responsibilities of forensic-medical examiner. Determining the circumstances of their formation, does not require any medical knowledge, and therefore does not belong to the competence of the expert. The examiner should not determine and is not obliged to determine the circumstances of injuries in case of falls from one’s own height, because the same injuries (identical morphology and localization) a person can get in different situations. Only the investigator and the court are able gather enough evidences for the conclusions about the circumstances of injuries in case of fall from his own height to the plane surface.

scholarly journals A pilot study of Korean Medical Examination

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Junghun Yoo ◽  
Sanghun Lee ◽  
Soyoung Kim ◽  
Daehyeok Kim ◽  
Jeong Hwan Park
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Examination Protocol ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Clinical Coordinator

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the Korean medical examination protocol, which included 14 questionnaires and 20 medical examination devices.Methods: We conducted a pilot observational study of 90 subjects to measure the time required to fulfill each item of the Korean medical examination, to evaluate patient satisfaction, and to report improvements that can be made to the Korean medical examination protocol based on clinical coordinator and subject feedback.Results: Among the 90 subjects included in the study (59 women and 31 men; mean [standard deviation] age, 37.2 [12.3] years), over 80% intended to receive a Korean medical examination if hospitals provided it and would recommend a Korean medical examination to others. The average time spent on the overall Korean medical examination was approximately 88.0 (21.4) minutes. Three areas for improvements were reported: survey issues, including the number of items, understanding, and readability; error issues in device measurements; and environmental issues affecting the sequence of medical examinations and temperature.Conclusions: Most subjects were satisfied with the Korean medical examination. Future studies should be conducted with larger samples to collect data continuously.

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