scholarly journals The evolution of neurosensation drives the gain and loss of phenotypic plasticity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Y Chen ◽  
Diane K Adams
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects ◽  
Species Evolution ◽  
Complex Mechanisms ◽  
Gain And Loss ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Plastic Trait

Phenotypic plasticity is widely regarded as important for enabling species resilience to environmental change and for species evolution. However, insight into the complex mechanisms by which phenotypic plasticity evolves in nature has been limited by our ability to reconstruct evolutionary histories of plasticity. By using part of the molecular mechanism, we were able to trace the evolution of pre-feeding phenotypic plasticity across the class Echinoidea and identify the origin of plasticity at the base of the regular urchins. The neurosensory foundation for plasticity was ancestral within the echinoids. However, coincident development of the plastic trait and the neurosensory system was not achieved until the regular urchins, likely due to pleiotropic effects and linkages between the two colocalized systems. Plasticity continues to evolve within the urchins with numerous instances of losses associated with loss of sensory capabilities and in one case loss of neurons, consistent with a cost associated with maintaining these capabilities. Thus, evidence was found for the neurosensory system providing opportunities and constraints to the evolution of phenotypic plasticity.

Phenotypic plasticity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen D. Williams ◽  
Marla B. Sokolowski
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Behavioral Plasticity ◽  
Behavioral Flexibility ◽  
Insect Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Variability ◽  
Gene By Environment Interactions ◽  
Affect Gene Expression

Why is there so much variation in insect behavior? This chapter will address the sources of behavioral variability, with a particular focus on phenotypic plasticity. Variation in social, nutritional, and seasonal environmental contexts during development and adulthood can give rise to phenotypic plasticity. To delve into mechanism underlying behavioral flexibility in insects, examples of polyphenisms, a type of phenotypic plasticity, will be discussed. Selected examples reveal that environmental change can affect gene expression, which in turn can affect behavioral plasticity. These changes in gene expression together with gene-by-environment interactions are discussed to illuminate our understanding of insect behavioral plasticity.

The role of hormones

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Frederik Nijhout ◽  
Emily Laub
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Plastic Trait

Many behaviors of insects are stimulated, modified, or modulated by hormones. The principal hormones involved are the same as the ones that control moulting, metamorphosis, and other aspects of development, principally ecdysone and juvenile hormone. In addition, a small handful of neurosecretory hormones are involved in the control of specific behaviors. Because behavior is a plastic trait, this chapter begins by outlining the biology and hormonal control of phenotypic plasticity in insects, and how the hormonal control of behavior fits in with other aspects of the control of phenotypic plasticity. The rest of the chapter is organized around the diversity of behaviors that are known to be controlled by or affected by hormones. These include eclosion and moulting behavior, the synthesis and release of pheromones, migration, parental care, dominance, reproductive behavior, and social behavior.

Insight into the molecular mechanism of a herbal injection by integrating network pharmacology and in vitro

2015 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-min Ma ◽  
Xin-zhuang Zhang ◽  
Zhen-zhen Su ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Liang Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Insight Into

Quantitative proteomic analysis of global effect of LLL12 on U87 cell's proteome: An insight into the molecular mechanism of LLL12

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 127-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rekha Jain ◽  
Prajakta Kulkarni ◽  
Snigdha Dhali ◽  
Srikanth Rapole ◽  
Sanjeeva Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Global Effect ◽  
Quantitative Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Insight into the molecular mechanism of the multitasking kinesin-8 motor

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (20) ◽  
pp. 3437-3447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Peters ◽  
Katjuša Brejc ◽  
Lisa Belmont ◽  
Andrew J Bodey ◽  
Yan Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Insight Into

New insight into lignin aggregation guiding efficient synthesis and functionalization of a lignin nanosphere with excellent performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liheng Chen ◽  
Si-Man Luo ◽  
Cong-Min Huo ◽  
Yun-Feng Shi ◽  
Jun Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Efficient Synthesis ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Biomass Valorization ◽  
Insight Into

Understanding the molecular mechanism of lignin nanoparticle (LNP) formation will precisely instruct its functionalization, which is of importance for biomass valorization.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptomics Provides Insight into Floral Color Polymorphism in a Pleione limprichtii Orchid Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyi Zhang ◽  
Tinghong Zhou ◽  
Zhongwu Dai ◽  
Xiaoyu Dai ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Color Polymorphism ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Color Formation ◽  
Floral Color ◽  
Species Evolution ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Insight Into

Floral color polymorphism can provide great insight into species evolution from a genetic and ecological standpoint. Color variations between species are often mediated by pollinators and are fixed characteristics, indicating their relevance to adaptive evolution, especially between plants within a single population or between similar species. The orchid genus Pleione has a wide variety of flower colors, from violet, rose-purple, pink, to white, but their color formation and its evolutionary mechanism are unclear. Here, we selected the P. limprichtii population in Huanglong, Sichuan Province, China, which displayed three color variations: Rose-purple, pink, and white, providing ideal material for exploring color variations with regard to species evolution. We investigated the distribution pattern of the different color morphs. The ratio of rose-purple:pink:white-flowered individuals was close to 6:3:1. We inferred that the distribution pattern may serve as a reproductive strategy to maintain the population size. Metabolome analysis was used to reveal that cyanindin derivatives and delphidin are the main color pigments involved. RNA sequencing was used to characterize anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway-related genes and reveal different color formation pathways and transcription factors in order to identify differentially-expressed genes and explore their relationship with color formation. In addition, qRT-PCR was used to validate the expression patterns of some of the genes. The results show that PlFLS serves as a crucial gene that contributes to white color formation and that PlANS and PlUFGT are related to the accumulation of anthocyanin which is responsible for color intensity, especially in pigmented flowers. Phylogenetic and co-expression analyses also identified a R2R3-MYB gene PlMYB10, which is predicted to combine with PlbHLH20 or PlbHLH26 along with PlWD40-1 to form an MBW protein complex (MYB, bHLH, and WDR) that regulates PlFLS expression and may serve as a repressor of anthocyanin accumulation-controlled color variations. Our results not only explain the molecular mechanism of color variation in P. limprichtii, but also contribute to the exploration of a flower color evolutionary model in Pleione, as well as other flowering plants.

Microbially Originated Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Biopolymers: An Insight into the Molecular Mechanism and Biogenesis of PHA Granules

2018 ◽  
pp. 355-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhilesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Laxuman Sharma ◽  
Janmejai Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Nirupama Mallick ◽  
Mohammad Israil Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Gain and loss events in the evolution of the apolipoprotein family in vertebrata

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Qian Liu ◽  
Wen-Xing Li ◽  
Jun-Juan Zheng ◽  
Qing-Nan Tian ◽  
Jing-Fei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Cartilaginous Fish ◽  
Broad Perspective ◽  
Evolutionary Progress ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
Evolutionary Scenario ◽  
Species Evolution ◽  
Gain And Loss

Abstract Background Various apolipoproteins widely distributed among vertebrata play key roles in lipid metabolism and have a direct correlation with human diseases as diagnostic markers. However, the evolutionary progress of apolipoproteins in species remains unclear. Nine human apolipoproteins and well-annotated genome data of 30 species were used to identify 210 apolipoprotein family members distributed among species from fish to humans. Our study focused on the evolution of nine exchangeable apolipoproteins (ApoA-I/II/IV/V, ApoC-I~IV and ApoE) from Chondrichthyes, Holostei, Teleostei, Amphibia, Sauria (including Aves), Prototheria, Marsupialia and Eutheria. Results In this study, we reported the overall distribution and the frequent gain and loss evolutionary events of apolipoprotein family members in vertebrata. Phylogenetic trees of orthologous apolipoproteins indicated evident divergence between species evolution and apolipoprotein phylogeny. Successive gain and loss events were found by evaluating the presence and absence of apolipoproteins in the context of species evolution. For example, only ApoA-I and ApoA-IV occurred in cartilaginous fish as ancient apolipoproteins. ApoA-II, ApoE, and ApoC-I/ApoC-II were found in Holostei, Coelacanthiformes, and Teleostei, respectively, but the latter three apolipoproteins were absent from Aves. ApoC-I was also absent from Cetartiodactyla. The apolipoprotein ApoC-III emerged in terrestrial animals, and ApoC-IV first arose in Eutheria. The results indicate that the order of the emergence of apolipoproteins is most likely ApoA-I/ApoA-IV, ApoE, ApoA-II, ApoC-I/ApoC-II, ApoA-V, ApoC-III, and ApoC-IV. Conclusions This study reveals not only the phylogeny of apolipoprotein family members in species from Chondrichthyes to Eutheria but also the occurrence and origin of new apolipoproteins. The broad perspective of gain and loss events and the evolutionary scenario of apolipoproteins across vertebrata provide a significant reference for the research of apolipoprotein function and related diseases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document