Religion and the Study of Peace: Practice without Reflection

Religion can be good and bad. For too long, the field of religion and peace has repeated this argument, cogently articulated by R. Scott Appleby in his field shaping The Ambivalence of the Sacred. It is time to examine whether there are other arguments to be made. The field of religion and peace is multifaceted and has grown exponentially in recent decades, primarily by enhancing various sites of policy making to mobilize “good” religion more effectively for its utility while devising more complex mechanisms to contain “bad” religion. This is not a bad development in and of itself and many actors populating the religion and peace spaces of practice do a lot of good in the world. However, without also subjecting the field to critique of its basic operative categories of analysis, the field in its various nodes will remain just that: practice, without reflection to recall Paolo Freire’s critical pedagogical approach to transforming the world.

The evolution of neurosensation drives the gain and loss of phenotypic plasticity

Phenotypic plasticity is widely regarded as important for enabling species resilience to environmental change and for species evolution. However, insight into the complex mechanisms by which phenotypic plasticity evolves in nature has been limited by our ability to reconstruct evolutionary histories of plasticity. By using part of the molecular mechanism, we were able to trace the evolution of pre-feeding phenotypic plasticity across the class Echinoidea and identify the origin of plasticity at the base of the regular urchins. The neurosensory foundation for plasticity was ancestral within the echinoids. However, coincident development of the plastic trait and the neurosensory system was not achieved until the regular urchins, likely due to pleiotropic effects and linkages between the two colocalized systems. Plasticity continues to evolve within the urchins with numerous instances of losses associated with loss of sensory capabilities and in one case loss of neurons, consistent with a cost associated with maintaining these capabilities. Thus, evidence was found for the neurosensory system providing opportunities and constraints to the evolution of phenotypic plasticity.

No guts, no glory: underestimating the benefits of providing children with mechanistic details

Previous research shows that children effectively extract and utilize causal information, yet we find that adults doubt children’s ability to understand complex mechanisms. Since adults themselves struggle to explain how everyday objects work, why expect more from children? Although remembering details may prove difficult, we argue that exposure to mechanism benefits children via the formation of abstract causal knowledge that supports epistemic evaluation. We tested 240 6–9 year-olds’ memory for concrete details and the ability to distinguish expertise before, immediately after, or a week after viewing a video about how combustion engines work. By around age 8, children who saw the video remembered mechanistic details and were better able to detect car-engine experts. Beyond detailed knowledge, the current results suggest that children also acquired an abstracted sense of how systems work that can facilitate epistemic reasoning.

The Kinematic and Dynamic Modeling and Numerical Calculation of Robots with Complex Mechanisms Based on Lie Group Theory

The kinematic and dynamic models of robots with complex mechanisms such as the closed-chain mechanism and the branch mechanism are often very complex and difficult to be calculated. Aiming at this issue, in this paper, the pose of the component in robots is represented by the Euclidean group and its subgroups with the proposed method. The component’s velocity is derived using the relationship between the Lie group and Lie algebra, and the acceleration and Jacobian matrix are then derived on this basis. The Lagrange equation is expressed by the obtained kinematic parameter expressions. Establishing the model with this method can obtain clear physical meaning and make the expressions uniform and easy to program, which is convenient for computer-aided calculation and parameterization. Calculating by the properties of the Lie group can reduce the calculation and model complexity, especially for calculating the velocity and acceleration, which reduces the calculation error and eases the calculation. Therefore, the proposed modeling and calculation method of kinematics and dynamics of robots is especially suitable for robots with complex mechanisms. As an example, the kinematic and dynamic model of the manipulator developed in our laboratory is established and a working process of it is numerically calculated. Then, the results of the numerical calculation are compared with the results of virtual prototype simulation in ADAMS to verify the correctness.

Research progress of NK cell immunodeficiency in immune escape of acute leukemia

NK cell immunodeficiency has a variety of manifestations and complex mechanisms in the tumor. NK cell immune deficiency is closely related to immune escape of acute leukemia. This paper demonstrates the immunological escape mechanism of acute leukemia from NK cell immune deficiency manifestation and cause.

“It Is a Nomos Very Different from the Law”: on Anarchy and the Law

The relationship between anarchy and the law is, to say the least, an uncomfortable one. The so-called ‘classical’ anarchist position – in all its heterogeneous tendencies – is, usually, characterised by a total opposition against the law. However and despite its invaluable contribution and the ever-pertinent critique of the state of affairs, this ‘classical’ anarchist position needs to be re-examined and rearticulated if it is to pose an effective nuisance to the current (and much complex) mechanisms of domination and the oppression of dogmatism and dominance of the law. Taking into account the aforementioned challenges, in this article, I examine and develop two notions of the philosophical thought of Gilles Deleuze, namely that of the institution and that of the nomos of the nomads. In doing so, I aim to think anew the relationship between anarchy and the law and, ultimately, to point towards an ethico-political account, of what I shall call an an-archic nomos which escapes (or, at least, tries to) the dogmatism and “archist” mentality of the law.

COMPLEX MECHANISMS IN ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS CONCERNING PEDESTRIANS. A CASE STUDY

Pedestrian injuries vary according to vehicle type, position during the accident, and pedestrian’s age, thus determining complex aspects by associating multiple types of traumas. In forensic practice, it should be noted that the lesion-producing mechanisms recorded among pedestrians are most frequently mixed, reason for which a correct and careful examination of the victim must be supported by the characteristics of the vehicle involved in the accident, as well as by other elements at the crime scene. It is necessary to thoroughly examine the injuries, an analysis that should always be characterized by a dynamic interpretation, directly related to the mechanism of accident occurrence, with case-by-case individualization, to result in the clarification of conditions difficult to grasp at a superficial interpretation. This article aims to briefly review the main lesion mechanisms in case of pedestrians, to emphasize on the importance of understanding the complexity of these injuries, in order to elucidate – as accurately as possible – the circumstances of such an ill-fated event.

Sepsis: When a Simple Infection Becomes Deadly

The immune system plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy body by working around the clock to recognize and respond to infection. Inflammation is part of the immune system’s protective response to an infection. The inflammatory response is incredibly powerful, so much so that it can damage the body’s cells if it is not tightly controlled. Sometimes, inflammation affects the whole body—this is called sepsis. The powerful and complex mechanisms in place to wipe out the infection can cause serious damage to healthy cells and tissues. Uncontrolled inflammation can cause irreversible damage to the body’s organs, such as the kidneys, eventually causing organs to shut down. If sepsis is not treated rapidly, it can lead to death. In this article, we describe the symptoms and diagnosis of sepsis and some of the current research being performed to better understand this dangerous process.

Single-cell DNA sequencing reveals complex mechanisms of resistance to quizartinib

Key Points Single-cell sequencing exposes previously unmeasurable complexity of tumor heterogeneity and clonal evolution on quizartinib. Single-cell sequencing reveals on- and off-target mechanisms of resistance to quizartinib, which can preexist therapy.