scholarly journals Mosquito excreta reveals circulation of West Nile virus and its underlying ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grégory L’Ambert ◽  
Mathieu Gendrot ◽  
Sébastien Briolant ◽  
Agnès Nguyen ◽  
Sylvain Pages ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Virus Surveillance ◽  
Vertebrate Hosts ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections

AbstractEmerging and endemic mosquito-borne viruses can be difficult to detect and monitor because they often cause asymptomatic infections in human or vertebrate animals or cause nonspecific febrile illness with a short recovery waiting period. Cases’ detection in vertebrate hosts can be complemented by entomological surveillance, but this method is not adapted to low infection rates in mosquito populations that typically occur in low or non-endemic areas. We identified West Nile Virus circulation in Camargue, a wetland area in South of France, using a cost effective innovative xenomonitoring method based on the molecular detection of virus in excreta from trapped mosquitoes. We also succeeded at identifying the mosquito community diversity dynamic on several sampling sites, together with the vertebrate hosts on which they fed prior to be captured using amplicon-based metagenomic on mosquito excreta without processing any mosquito. Mosquito excreta-based virus surveillance can be considered as a cost-effective and non-invasive strategy that offers the additional asset to reveal the ecological network underlying arbovirus circulation.

Retrospective space–time analysis methods to support West Nile virus surveillance activities

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. MULATTI ◽  
M. MAZZUCATO ◽  
F. MONTARSI ◽  
S. CIOCCHETTA ◽  
G. CAPELLI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Virus Surveillance ◽  
Human West Nile Virus

SUMMARYThe steep increase in human West Nile virus (WNV) infections in 2011–2012 in north-eastern Italy prompted a refinement of the surveillance plan. Data from the 2010–2012 surveillance activities on mosquitoes, equines, and humans were analysed through Bernoulli space–time scan statistics, to detect the presence of recurrent WNV infection hotspots. Linear models were fit to detect the possible relationships between WNV occurrence in humans and its activity in mosquitoes. Clusters were detected for all of the hosts, defining a limited area on which to focus surveillance and promptly identify WNV reactivation. Positive relationships were identified between WNV in humans and in mosquitoes; although it was not possible to define precise spatial and temporal scales at which entomological surveillance could predict the increasing risk of human infections. This stresses the necessity to improve entomological surveillance by increasing both the density of trapping sites and the frequency of captures.

scholarly journals One Health approach for West Nile virus surveillance in the European Union: relevance of equine data for blood safety

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna J Young ◽  
Denis Coulombier ◽  
Dragoslav Domanović ◽  
Hervé Zeller ◽  
Céline M Gossner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Human Case ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Blood Safety ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Virus Surveillance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Eu

West Nile virus (WNV) infection is notifiable in humans and equids in the European Union (EU). An area where a human case is detected is considered affected until the end of the mosquito transmission season (week 48) and blood safety measures have to be implemented. We used human and equine case notifications between 2013 and 2017 to define the WNV distribution in the EU and to investigate the relevance of using equine cases as a complementary trigger for blood safety measures. Adding areas with equine cases to the definition of an affected area would have a major impact on blood safety measures. Adding areas with equine cases where human cases have been reported in the past would increase the timeliness of blood safety measures with only a limited impact. Although the occurrence of human and/or equine cases confirms virus circulation in the EU, no evidence was found that occurrence of equine cases leads to human cases and vice versa. We conclude that information about equine data should contribute to raising awareness among public health experts and trigger enhanced surveillance. Further studies are required before extending the definition of affected areas to areas with human and/or equine cases.

scholarly journals Serological, Molecular and Entomological Surveillance Demonstrates Widespread Circulation of West Nile Virus in Turkey

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e3028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koray Ergunay ◽  
Filiz Gunay ◽  
Ozge Erisoz Kasap ◽  
Kerem Oter ◽  
Sepandar Gargari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
West Nile

scholarly journals Importance of Multidisciplinary and Regional Collaboration in Integrated West Nile Virus Surveillance - the „One Health” Concept

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Vilibić-Čavlek ◽  
Dejan Vidanović ◽  
Ljubo Barbić ◽  
Pavle Jeličić ◽  
Sava Lazić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
One Health ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Virus Surveillance ◽  
Regional Collaboration ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
The One

West Nile virus (WNV) danas je jedan od najrasprostranjenijih arbovirusa. U posljednja se dva desetljeća WNV infekcije kontinuirano pojavljuju na području Europe u obliku manjih ili većih epidemija i epizootija. U ovom preglednom radu prikazujemo epidemiološke značajke WNV infekcija koje su dokazane na području Hrvatske i Srbije u kontekstu “Jednog zdravlja”. Prikazani rezultati potvrđuju značaj multidisciplinarne i regionalne suradnje u dijagnostici i praćenju ove (re-)emergentne virusne zoonoze.

scholarly journals Enterovirus Detection as a Result of West Nile Virus Surveillance

2007 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 936-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney M. Harvey ◽  
Anthony H. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Virus Surveillance

scholarly journals West Nile Virus Surveillance, Guadeloupe, 2003–2004

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1100-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Lefrançois ◽  
Bradley J. Blitvich ◽  
Jennifer Pradel ◽  
Sophie Molia ◽  
Nathalie Vachiéry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Virus Surveillance

scholarly journals Twenty Years of Progress Toward West Nile Virus Vaccine Development

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn A. Kaiser ◽  
Alan D.T. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Human Vaccine

Although West Nile virus (WNV) has been a prominent mosquito-transmitted infection in North America for twenty years, no human vaccine has been licensed. With a cumulative number of 24,714 neurological disease cases and 2314 deaths in the U.S. since 1999, plus a large outbreak in Europe in 2018 involving over 2000 human cases in 15 countries, a vaccine is essential to prevent continued morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. Currently, four veterinary vaccines are licensed, and six vaccines have progressed into clinical trials in humans. All four veterinary vaccines require multiple primary doses and annual boosters, but for a human vaccine to be protective and cost effective in the most vulnerable older age population, it is ideal that the vaccine be strongly immunogenic with only a single dose and without subsequent annual boosters. Of six human vaccine candidates, the two live, attenuated vaccines were the only ones that elicited strong immunity after a single dose. As none of these candidates have yet progressed beyond phase II clinical trials, development of new candidate vaccines and improvement of vaccination strategies remains an important area of research.

scholarly journals Usefulness of Eurasian Magpies (Pica pica) for West Nile virus Surveillance in Non-Endemic and Endemic Situations

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Napp ◽  
Montalvo ◽  
Piñol-Baena ◽  
Gómez-Martín ◽  
Nicolás-Francisco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pica Pica ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Virus Surveillance ◽  
Lineage 2 ◽  
First Time

: In September 2017, passive surveillance allowed the detection of West Nile virus (WNV) lineage 2 for the first time in northern Spain in a northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis). However, a cross sectional study carried out in Eurasian magpies (Pica pica) in a nearby area evidenced that WNV had been circulating two months earlier. Therefore, active surveillance in Eurasian magpies proved its effectiveness for the early detection of WNV in a non-endemic area. Further surveys in 2018 and the beginning of 2019 using young magpies (i.e., born after 2017) showed the repeated circulation of WNV in the same region in the following transmission season. Therefore, active surveillance in Eurasian magpies as well proved to be useful for the detection of WNV circulation in areas that may be considered as endemic. In this manuscript we present the results of those studies and discuss reasons that make the Eurasian magpies an ideal species for the surveillance of WNV, both in endemic and non-endemic areas.

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