scholarly journals Surveillance of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness - a real-time case-control study in southern Sweden

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Bjork ◽  
Carl Bonander ◽  
Mahnaz Moghaddassi ◽  
Magnus Rasmussen ◽  
Ulf Malmqvist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Prior Infection ◽  
Population Controls ◽  
Control Study

The extensive register infrastructure available for COVID-19 surveillance in Scania county, Sweden, makes it possible to classify cases with respect to hospitalization and disease severity, stratify on time since last dose and demographic factors, account for prior infection, and extract data for population controls automatically. Estimated vaccine effectiveness 0-3 months after the last dose remained stable during the study period but waned markedly 6 months after the last dose in older persons.

SERUM PROLACTINE LEVEL IN PATIENTS OF PSORIASIS VULGARIS AND ITS CORRELATION WITH DISEASE SEVERITY: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawan Kumar Saini ◽  
Devendra Yadav ◽  
Rozy Badyal ◽  
Suresh Jain ◽  
Arti Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Prolactin Level ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
P Value ◽  
Serum Prolactin Level ◽  
R Value ◽  
Control Study

Background: Psoriasis is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the skin mediated by T-lymphocytes resulting in production of cytokines which cause hyperproliferation of keratinocytes.  Several factors and hormones like Prolactin have an action similar to these cytokines in promoting the multiplication of keratinocytes and other cells like lymphocytes and epithelial cells may have a role on the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis. Aim:-The aim of study is to compare the serum Prolactin levels in patients of psoriasis with a control group. Setting and study design: This is a case-control study conducted in the department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy GMC, Kota over a period of 1year from July 2017 to June 2018 Material and method: The study included 100 cases of psoriasis (60 males and 40 females) and 100 controls similar for age and sex. Serum Prolactin levels were measured by ECLIA and results were obtained. Statistical analysis: Mean and standard deviation were calculated for each variable. Statistical significance of the results was analyzed using correlation analysis (Pearson correlation coefficient) and independent samples t-test. Statistical significance was assumed at p value<0.05. Result: Serum Prolactin level was significantly higher in cases of psoriasis compared to controls (p-value <0.001). PASI score and serum Prolactin levels were found to have a positive correlation (r value = 0.337; p-value: 0.001). No significant  correlation was found between serum levels of Prolactin and duration of disease r value= -0.034, P value =0.733). Serum Prolactin level was higher in male patients compared to females patients. Conclusion:- High serum Prolactin may be a biological marker of disease severity in psoriasis and may have a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Further studies with large sample size are required to confirm this hypothesis.

scholarly journals 744. Effectiveness of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine and Influenza Vaccine Against Pneumococcal Pneumonia Among Elderly Patients Aged 65 Years and Older in the Republic of Korea: A Case–Control Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S267-S267
Author(s):  
Jong Hun Kim ◽  
Byung Chul Chun ◽  
Joon Young Song ◽  
Hyo Youl Kim ◽  
In-Gyu Bae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background The national immunization program (NIP) of annual influenza vaccination to the elderly population (≥65 years of age) in the Republic of Korea (ROK) has been implemented since 1987. Recently, the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) through the NIP has been provided to the elderly population in the ROK since May 2013. The aim of this study was to assess PPV23 and influenza vaccine (IV) effectiveness in preventing pneumococcal pneumonia (PP) among elderly patients ≥65 years of age. Methods A case–control study using a hospital-based cohort was conducted. Cases of PP including bacteremic PP and nonbacteremic PP were collected from 14 hospitals in the pneumococcal diseases surveillance program from March 2013 to October 2015. Controls matched by age and sex in the same hospital were selected. Demographic, clinical information, and vaccination histories were collected. Previous immunization was categorized into “vaccinated” if a patient had received vaccines as follows: PPV23 (4 weeks to 5 years) and IV (2 weeks to 6 months) prior to the diagnosis of PP for case patients and prior to the hospital admission for control patients. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) was calculated, controlling for underlying medical conditions. Vaccine effectiveness was defined as (1 – OR) × 100. Results During the study period, a total of 661 cases (104 bacteremic PP cases and 557 nonbacteremic PP cases) and 661 controls were enrolled for analyses. For overall patients ≥65 years of age, there was no significant vaccine effectiveness against PP. For young elderly patients with 65–74 years, IV alone (1.2%, [95% confidence interval (CI) −95.3% to 50.0%]) and PPV23 alone (21.9%, [95% CI −39.0% to 56.1%]) were not effective. However, significant vaccine effectiveness of PPV23 plus IV against PP was noted (54.4%, [95% CI 6.9–77.7%], P = 0.031). For older elderly patients ≥75 years of age, no significant vaccine effectiveness was observed. Conclusion Our study indicates that PPV23 plus IV may be effective in preventing PP among young elderly patients with 65–74 years, suggesting additive benefits of influenza plus PPV23 vaccination. Further studies are required to confirm the persistent additive protective effectiveness. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Diphtheria Toxoid Vaccine Effectiveness: A Case‐Control Study in Russia

2000 ◽  
Vol 181 (s1) ◽  
pp. S184-S187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine M. Bisgard ◽  
Philip Rhodes ◽  
Iain R. B. Hardy ◽  
Irina L. Litkina ◽  
Nikolai N. Filatov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Diphtheria Toxoid ◽  
Control Study

Strong association between infection with human papillomavirus and oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A population-based case-control study in southern Sweden

2005 ◽  
Vol 125 (12) ◽  
pp. 1337-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bengt Göran Hansson ◽  
Kerstin Rosenquist ◽  
Annika Antonsson ◽  
Bengt Göran Hansson ◽  
Kerstin Rosenquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Case-Control Study of Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness Compared to Test-Negative Controls or Hospital Controls

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 282-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaoru Araki ◽  
Megumi Hara ◽  
Chisato Shimanoe ◽  
Yuichiro Nishida ◽  
Muneaki Matsuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Effectiveness of CoronaVac, ChAdOx1, BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S among individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Cerqueira-Silva ◽  
Jason R Andrews ◽  
Viviane S Boaventura ◽  
Otavio T Ranzani ◽  
Vinicius de Araujo Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Symptomatic Infection ◽  
Series Completion ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Prior Infection ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Dose Vaccine

Background. COVID-19 vaccines have proven highly effective among SARS-CoV-2 naive individuals, but their effectiveness in preventing symptomatic infection and severe outcomes among individuals with prior infection is less clear. Methods. Utilizing national COVID-19 notification, hospitalization, and vaccination datasets from Brazil, we performed a case-control study using a test-negative design to assess the effectiveness of four vaccines (CoronaVac, ChAdOx1, Ad26.COV2.S and BNT162b2) among individuals with laboratory-confirmed prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. We matched RT-PCR positive, symptomatic COVID-19 cases with RT-PCR-negative controls presenting with symptomatic illnesses, restricting both groups to tests performed at least 90 days after an initial infection. We used multivariable conditional logistic regression to compare the odds of test positivity, and the odds of hospitalization or death due to COVID-19, according to vaccination status and time since first or second dose of vaccines. Findings. Among individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic infection ≥ 14 days from vaccine series completion was 39.4% (95% CI 36.1-42.6) for CoronaVac, 56.0% (95% CI 51.4-60.2) for ChAdOx1, 44.0% (95% CI 31.5-54.2) for Ad26.COV2.S, and 64.8% (95% CI 54.9-72.4) for BNT162b2. For the two-dose vaccine series (CoronaVac, ChAdOx1, and BNT162b2), effectiveness against symptomatic infection was significantly greater after the second dose compared with the first dose. Effectiveness against hospitalization or death ≥ 14 days from vaccine series completion was 81.3% (95% CI 75.3-85.8) for CoronaVac, 89.9% (95% CI 83.5-93.8) for ChAdOx1, 57.7% (95% CI -2.6-82.5) for Ad26.COV2.S, and 89.7% (95% CI 54.3-97.7) for BNT162b2.

scholarly journals The association of male infertility with telomere length: A case control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-332
Author(s):  
Kate Deepali Rajesh ◽  
Puranam Vatsalaswamy ◽  
Manvikar Purshotam Rao
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Sperm Telomere Length

To study the relevance of sperm telomere length and infertility in men. : Our case-control study included twenty-five males in couple with sub-fertility/infertility (test group) and twenty five healthy males (control group) with proven paternity in the age group 25 to 35 years. The Absolute Sperm Telomere length (aSTL) was measured by real-time PCR. We investigated whether any significant difference in the aSTL value existed between the groups and analysed the relationship between aSTL and other sperm parameters.The mean (SE) aSTL recorded in the infertile cases was significantly shorter than for the control group being 140.60 (6.66) Kb/genome and 239.63 (12.32) Kb/genome respectively (p &#60;0.001) A weak correlation was eminent between aSTL kb/genome and the total sperm count mil/ml (rho= 0.04, p - 0.86), progressive sperm motility (rho= - 0.02, p=0.934) and sperm viability (rho= - 0.07 p=0.741) in the infertile group. The measurement of aSTL by real-time PCR is a simple and rapid method that offers further paramount information with respective to the quality of sperm. It is befitted for epidemiological studies, hence opening new perspectives in the evaluation of male infertility. Limitations - Our study was confined to men aged between 25 and 35 years. Further comparative studies are needed to explore the significance of STL and infertility in older males. Additional studies will help illumine the significance of aSTL as a prognostic biomarker in assisted reproduction.

scholarly journals Early estimates of seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness in Europe, 2010/11: I-MOVE, a multicentre case–control study

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Kissling ◽  
M Valenciano ◽  
Collective I-MOVE case–control studies team
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Seasonal Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Binary File ◽  
Control Study

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches

scholarly journals Sex hormone exposure and reproductive factors in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a case–control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 204589402090878
Author(s):  
Jessica B. Badlam ◽  
David Badesch ◽  
Evan Brittain ◽  
Shannon Cordell ◽  
Tan Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Reproductive Factors ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Hormone Exposure ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Control Study

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a sexually dimorphic disease that for unknown reasons affects women more than men. The role of estrogens, both endogenous and exogenous, and reproductive factors in this female susceptibility is still poorly understood. It has been strongly suggested that sex hormones may influence the development and progression of the disease. We sought to determine whether sex hormone exposures and reproductive factors associate with PAH patients compared to control subjects, using a questionnaire and interview to obtain information regarding these potential risk factors. We conducted a single-center unmatched case–control study. Six hundred and thirty-four women and men with PAH, as well as 27 subjects with BMPR2 mutations but no PAH and 132 healthy population controls were enrolled from the Vanderbilt Pulmonary Hypertension Research Cohort and researchmatch.org. Questionnaires and nurse-led interviews were conducted to obtain information regarding sex hormone exposures and reproductive factors. Additional history was obtained on enrolled patients including disease severity variables and comorbidities. Responses to the questionnaires were analyzed to describe these exposures in this population as well as assess the association between disease severity variables and sex hormone exposures. Reproductive and endogenous factors that determine lifelong estrogen exposure were similar between PAH cases and controls. Patients with associated PAH were significantly more likely to be postmenopausal compared to controls. There were similar rates of “ever-use” and duration of use of oral contraceptive pills and hormone replacement therapy in patients when compared to controls. Disease severity variables were not significantly affected by any exposure after adjusting for PAH sub-group. In contrast to our hypothesis, that a greater exposure to exogenous sources of female sex hormones associates with PAH case status, we found similar rates of endogenous and exogenous sex hormone exposure between PAH patients and unmatched controls.

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