SERUM PROLACTINE LEVEL IN PATIENTS OF PSORIASIS VULGARIS AND ITS CORRELATION WITH DISEASE SEVERITY: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawan Kumar Saini ◽  
Devendra Yadav ◽  
Rozy Badyal ◽  
Suresh Jain ◽  
Arti Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Prolactin Level ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
P Value ◽  
Serum Prolactin Level ◽  
R Value ◽  
Control Study

Background: Psoriasis is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the skin mediated by T-lymphocytes resulting in production of cytokines which cause hyperproliferation of keratinocytes.  Several factors and hormones like Prolactin have an action similar to these cytokines in promoting the multiplication of keratinocytes and other cells like lymphocytes and epithelial cells may have a role on the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis. Aim:-The aim of study is to compare the serum Prolactin levels in patients of psoriasis with a control group. Setting and study design: This is a case-control study conducted in the department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy GMC, Kota over a period of 1year from July 2017 to June 2018 Material and method: The study included 100 cases of psoriasis (60 males and 40 females) and 100 controls similar for age and sex. Serum Prolactin levels were measured by ECLIA and results were obtained. Statistical analysis: Mean and standard deviation were calculated for each variable. Statistical significance of the results was analyzed using correlation analysis (Pearson correlation coefficient) and independent samples t-test. Statistical significance was assumed at p value<0.05. Result: Serum Prolactin level was significantly higher in cases of psoriasis compared to controls (p-value <0.001). PASI score and serum Prolactin levels were found to have a positive correlation (r value = 0.337; p-value: 0.001). No significant  correlation was found between serum levels of Prolactin and duration of disease r value= -0.034, P value =0.733). Serum Prolactin level was higher in male patients compared to females patients. Conclusion:- High serum Prolactin may be a biological marker of disease severity in psoriasis and may have a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Further studies with large sample size are required to confirm this hypothesis.

scholarly journals TO DETERMINE THE SERUM PROLACTIN LEVELS IN BREAST CARCINOMA: A CASE CONTROL STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahun . ◽  
Sumita A. Jain ◽  
Ashutosh . ◽  
Dikhsa Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Prolactin Level ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Serum Insulin Level ◽  
Serum Prolactin Level ◽  
Control Study

Background: Breast cancer is the most common female cancer worldwide representing nearly a quarter (25%) of all cancers with an estimated 1.67 million new cancer cases diagnosed in 2012. Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, SMS Hospital, Jaipur. Study duration: From March 2018 to February 2019 (1 year). Results: In Cancer cases, Mean Serum Prolactin level was found to be 14.71±16.73 while in control it was 8.26±5.60 .Mean Serum insulin level was higher in Cancer cases (14.71) as compared to control (8.26).Range of prolactin level in breast cancer cases from 2.84 to 103.71 and Range of prolactin level in controls was from 2.79 to 33.12 Difference was found to significant. Conclusion: By this study we can interpretate that serum prolactin level is an independent factor and can be used to know the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausl women. whenever serum prolactin level is raised in these women, we can advise necessary measure to these women to prevent or identify early breast cancer. Keywords: Breast, cancer, Female

scholarly journals Determinants of Birth Asphyxia At Public Hospitals in Ilu Aba Bor Zone Southwest, Ethiopia: A Case Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarekegn Fekede Wolde ◽  
Firomsa Bekele ◽  
Abeya Fufa
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Local Context ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Despite birth asphyxia is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in newborn; its determinants were not investigated according to local context especially in this area. Thus, this study aims to investigate the determinants of birth asphyxia at Illu Aba Bor zone public health facilities. Study Design: An Institution based a case-control study. Methods: Systematic random sampling technique was used to select 308 (103 cases and 205 controls) newborn. Data were collected using checklist for record review & interviewer administered questionnaire and entered in to Epi-data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 24. Variables with P-value <0.25 were taken to multi-variable regression. Backward likelihood ratio with 0.1 probability removal was used to develop the model. Collinearity, goodness fit of final model using Hosmer Lemeshow test considering good fit at P-value ≥ 0.05 (0.208), omnibus likelihood test <0.05(0.000) and model classification of accuracy (77.9%) were checked. Odds Ratio estimated with 95% CI was used to show strength of association and P-value < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results: A total of 308 (103 cases and 205 controls) mothers of newborns were interviewed yielding a response rate of 100%. The mean age (±Standard deviation) of mothers for the cases and the controls were 25.97 (SD: ±4.47) and 25.52(SD: ±4.17), respectively. Being not educated (non-formal education) [AOR=2.44; (95%CI:1.37, 4.34)], having antenatal care follow up <4 [AOR=2.30; (95% CI:1.17, 4.53)], Prolonged duration of labour [AOR=4.12; (95% CI:1.78, 9.50)], non-cephalic fetal presentation [AOR=4.35; (95%CI:1.77, 10.67)] and being primi-gravida [AOR=2.14; (95%CI:1.20, 3.83)] were the predictors of birth asphyxia. Whereas, neonatal factor such as: being preterm [AOR=5.77; (l95%:2.62, 12.69)] and low birth weight [AOR=4.43; (95% CI: 1.94, 10.13)] were also the predictors of birth asphyxia Conclusion: Predictors were maternal and newborn related characteristics. Therefore, interventions focusing in this area should give priority for these identified determinants.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Serum Gonadotropin and Prolactin Level among Sudanese Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Fathalla ◽  
AbdElkarim A. Abdrabo ◽  
GadAllah Modawe
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
P Value ◽  
Serum Hormones ◽  
Serum Gonadotropin ◽  
Plasma Hormones ◽  
Control Study

Background: Generally, patients on hemodialysis for chronic renal failure also have endocrine defects and sexual function disorders. In this study, we aimed to assess the serum prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in patients with chronic renal failure. Methods: This hospital-based case–control study was conducted at Jabal Aulia Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan. The study was carried out between August 2019 and February 2020. A total of 100 subjects were enrolled – 50 chronic renal failure patients and 50 as controls. The serum hormones were estimated using Tosoh 360. SPSS version 25 was used to analyze the results. Results: The serum PRL, LH, and FSH were significantly increased among chronic renal failure patients than their healthy counterparts (p-value = 0.000). The age of patients was positive correlated with plasma hormones, PRL (r = 0.332, p = 0.001), LH (r = 0.387, p = 0.000), and FSH (r = 0.320, p = 0.001). No correlation was found between the duration of the disease and serum hormones. Conclusion: Patients with chronic renal failure had a highly significant increase of serum PRL, LH, and FSH and also the age of the patients was positively correlated with serum hormones. Keywords: chronic renal failure, prolactin, gonadotropin, hemodialysis

scholarly journals Adherence to the Mediterranean diet decreases the risk of stroke in the Lebanese population: a case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 2157
Author(s):  
Maya El-Hajj ◽  
Pascale Salameh ◽  
Samar Rachidi ◽  
Amal Al-Hajje ◽  
Hassan Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Case Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Lebanese Population ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Control Study

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeD) and the risk of stroke in the Lebanese population. Methods: A hospital based case-control study was conducted in Lebanon between January 1st, 2015 and December 31st, 2016. Data were collected prospectively using a standardized questionnaire. Adherence to the MeD was assessed based on the total number of points a patient can have on the MeD scale. Data were analysed using SPSS version 24. The strength of association between the risk of stroke and adherence to MeD was expressed in odds ratio (OR) through 95% confidence interval. P-value <0.05 determined statistical significance. Results: Around 205 stroke cases and 445 hospitalized stroke-free patients were included in this study. In the total study sample, the MeD had a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 11 points with a median of 7 points. Stroke patients had a lower MeD median compared to controls (6 vs 8 points). Around 29.5% of the total sample had a MeD score within the first quartile (52.3% of them had a stroke) and 24% of all included subjects scored within the last quartile (7% of them hospitalized for stroke) (p<0.001). The higher the adherence to MeD the lower the risk of stroke. High adherence to MeD was associated with a decreased risk of stroke, OR 0.1 (95%CI, 0.04-0.24; p<0.001). Conclusions: Higher adherence to MeD significantly decreases the risk of stroke in the Lebanese population. Good lifestyle choices are encouraged in order to prevent many vascular diseases including stroke.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Its Symptoms’ Panoply: A Case-Control Study of 919 Suspected Cases in Locked-Down Ovar, Portugal

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Regina Sá ◽  
Tiago Pinho-Bandeira ◽  
Guilherme Queiroz ◽  
Joana Matos ◽  
João Duarte Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Suspected Case ◽  
Risk Characteristics ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Control Study

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Ovar was the first Portuguese municipality to declare active community transmission of SARS-CoV-2, with total lockdown decreed on March 17, 2020. This context provided conditions for a large-scale testing strategy, allowing a referral system considering other symptoms besides the ones that were part of the case definition (fever, cough, and dyspnea). This study aims to identify other symptoms associated with COVID-19 since it may clarify the pre-test probability of the occurrence of the disease. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This case-control study uses primary care registers between March 29 and May 10, 2020 in Ovar municipality. Pre-test clinical and exposure-risk characteristics, reported by physicians, were collected through a form, and linked with their laboratory result. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The study population included a total of 919 patients, of whom 226 (24.6%) were COVID-19 cases and 693 were negative for SARS-CoV-2. Only 27.1% of the patients reporting contact with a confirmed or suspected case tested positive. In the multivariate analysis, statistical significance was obtained for headaches (OR 0.558), odynophagia (OR 0.273), anosmia (OR 2.360), and other symptoms (OR 2.157). The interaction of anosmia and odynophagia appeared as possibly relevant with a borderline statistically significant OR of 3.375. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> COVID-19 has a wide range of symptoms. Of the myriad described, the present study highlights anosmia itself and calls for additional studies on the interaction between anosmia and odynophagia. Headaches and odynophagia by themselves are not associated with an increased risk for the disease. These findings may help clinicians in deciding when to test, especially when other diseases with similar symptoms are more prevalent, namely in winter.

scholarly journals Association of placental chorangiosis with pregnancy complication and prenatal outcome: a case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Homeira Vafaei ◽  
Zinat Karimi ◽  
Mojgan Akbarzadeh-Jahromi ◽  
Fatemeh Asadian
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Index ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Chorangiosis is a vascular change involving the terminal chorionic villi in the placenta. It results from longstanding, low-grade hypoxia in the placental tissue, and is associated with such conditions as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), diabetes, and gestational hypertension in pregnancy. Chorangiosis rarely occurs in normal pregnancies. However, its prevalence is 5–7% of all placentas from infants admitted to newborn intensive care units. The present study was aimed at determining the association of chorangiosis with pregnancy complications and perinatal outcomes. Methods In this case-control study, 308 chorangiosis cases were compared with 308 controls (with other diagnoses in pathology) in terms of maternal, placental, prenatal, and neonatal characteristics derived from the medical records of participants retrospectively. R and SPSS version 22 software tools were used, and the statistical significance level was considered 0.05 for all the tests. Results Preeclampsia, diabetes mellitus, maternal hemoglobin, maternal hematocrit, C/S, oligohydramnios, fetal anomaly, dead neonates, NICU admissions were significantly higher in the chorangiosis group OR = 1.6, 3.98, 1.68, 1.92, 2.1, 4.47, 4.22, 2.9, 2.46, respectively (p-value< 0.05 for all). Amniotic fluid index, birth weight, cord PH amount, 1st, and 5th Apgar score was lower in the chorangiosis group OR = 0.31, 1, 0.097, 0.83, 0.85, respectively (p-value< 0.05 for all). Moreover, fundal placenta, retro placental hemorrhage, perivillous fibrin deposition, calcification, and acute chorioamnionitis were higher in the chorangiosis group OR = 2.1, 11.8, 19.96, 4.05, and 6.38 respectively, (p-value< 0.05). There was a high agreement between the two pathologists, and the power of the study was estimated at 99%. Conclusion Although chorangiosis is an uncommon condition, it is associated with a higher incidence of perinatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it should be considered an important clinical sign of adverse pregnancy outcomes and should be reported in the pathology evaluation.

ANALISIS FAKTOR RISIKO YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN PNEUMONIA BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA UPTD PUSKESMAS BANDA RAYA KOTA BANDA ACEH TAHUN 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Miftahul Jannah ◽  
Asnawi Abdullah ◽  
Melania Hidayat ◽  
Qatratul Asrar
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Banda Aceh

Latar Belakang: Pneumonia merupakan pembunuh utama balita di seluruh dunia. Berdasarkan Laporan Dinas Kesehatan Banda Aceh tahun 2018, jumlah balita penderita Pneumonia meningkat setiap tahunnya. Kasus Pneumonia balita yang paling banyak terdapat di UPTD Puskesmas Banda Raya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian Pneumonia pada Balita di wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas Banda Raya Kota Banda Aceh tahun 2019. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Case Control Study atau Retrospective Study. Penelitian ini menggunakan total populasi dengan jumlah sampel adalah 142 anak balita berusia 12–59 bulan. Data dianalisis secara Univariat dan Bivariat. Analisis Bivariat menggunakan Uji Chi-Square dengan derajat kepercayaan 95% (p value0.05). Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia adalah luas ventilasi rumah (OR=15.81; CI 95%=4.70-53.12; p value=0.0001); sedangkan umur balita (OR=1.15; CI 95%=0.54-2.43; p value=0.705); jenis kelamin (OR=1.11; CI 95%=0.57-2.16; p value=0.737); pengetahuan ibu (OR=0.38; CI 95%=0.12-1.24; p value=0.112); dan kepadatan hunian (OR=1.80; CI 95%=0.78-4.13; p value=0.163), tidak terbukti secara signifikan sebagai faktor risiko pneumonia balita di UPTD Puskesmas Banda Raya Kota Banda Aceh. Kesimpulan: Faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian Pneumonia balita adalah luas ventilasi rumah. Oleh karena itu diperlukannya sanitasi lingkungan yang sehat sebagai upaya preventif terhadap kejadian Pneumonia, serta memperbaiki pola perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat.

Antioxidant potential of diet: Association between dietary antioxidant index and odds of coronary heart disease: A case-control study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Farhad Vahid ◽  
Zahra Nasiri ◽  
Amir Abbasnezhad ◽  
Ezatollah Fazeli Moghadam
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dietary Antioxidants ◽  
Dietary Antioxidant ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are among the leading causes of coronary heart disease (CHD). Studies investigated the relationship between dietary antioxidants and the risk/odds of CHD, and contradictory results have been reported. Dietary antioxidant index (DAI) is a novel and reliable nutritional tool that examines the diet’s overall antioxidant capacity. Its validity was examined using serum total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between DAI score and odds of CHD. METHODS: In this incidence case-control study, 320 individuals with a definitive diagnosis of CHD and 320 participants without CHD or related risk factors attending the same hospitals/polyclinics were selected as the case and control groups. We estimated the DAI by summing up six standardized intakes of major dietary antioxidants, including manganese, vitamin E, A, C, selenium, and zinc. RESULTS: Modeling DAI categorized according to the median (–0.38), in multi-adjusted model showed a significant protective association with the odd of CHD (OR = 0.72; 95%CI:0.51–0.99, p-value = 0.05). Also, modeling DAI as a continuous variable in multi-adjusted models (OR = 0.94;95%CI:0.90–0.95; p-value = 0.01) showed significant results. CONCLUSION: Using the DAI to investigate the relationship between dietary antioxidants and CHD can show more realistic results than a single study of antioxidants.

Risk Factors Associated With Dengue Fever Outbreak in Taiz Governorate, Yemen, 2018: Case-control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulkareem Ali Hussein Nassar ◽  
Amr Abdulaziz Torbosh ◽  
Yassin Abdulmalik Mahyoub ◽  
Mohammed Abdullah Al Amad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
P Value ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Dengue Fever (DF) is a significant health problem in Yemen especially in the coastal areas. On November 6, 2018, Taiz governorates surveillance officer notified the Ministry of Public Health and Population on an increase in the number of suspected DF in Al Qahirah and Al Mudhaffar districts, Taiz governorate. On November 7, 2018, Field Epidemiology Training Program sent a team to perform an investigation. The aims were to confirm and describe the outbreak by person, place and time in Taiz governorate, and identify its risk factors.Methodology: Descriptive and case-control study (1:2 ratio) were conducted. WHO case definition was used to identify cases in Al Qahirah or Al Mudhaffar districts during August-November 2018. Control was selected from the same districts who did not suffer from DF. Predesigned questionnaire was used to collect data related to sociodemographic, behavioral and environmental characteristics. Bivariate and multivariate backward stepwise analyses were used. The adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. A P value < 0.05 was considered as the cut point for statistically significant. Epi info version 7.2 was used.Results: A total of 50 DF cases were found. Almost 52% were males and 76% were <30 years of age. The overall attack rate was 1/10,000 of the population. Case fatality rate was 4%. In multivariate analysis, not working (aOR = 26.6, 95% CI: 6.8–104.7), not using mosquito repellent (aOR = 13.9, 95% CI:1.4–136.8), wearing short sleeves/pants (aOR = 27.3, 95% CI: 4.8–156.8), poor sanitation (aOR = 5.4, 95% CI: 1.4–20.3), presence of outdoor trees (aOR = 13.2, 95% CI: 2.8–63.0) and houses without window nets (aOR = 15.7, 95% CI: 3.9–63.4) were statistically significant risk factors associated with DF outbreak. Eleven 11 (58%) of blood samples were positive for DF IgM.Conclusions: DF outbreak in Al Qahirah and Al Mudhaffar districts, Taiz governorate was confirmed. This study provides evidence-based information regarding the identified risk factors that contributed to the occurrence of this outbreak. Raising community awareness on the importance of personal protection measures and improving the sanitation services are strongly recommended.

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