scholarly journals UV-Induced Keratin 1 Proteolysis Mediates UV-Induced Skin Damage

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingchao Zhang ◽  
Dhruba Tara Maharjan ◽  
Hao He ◽  
Yujia Li ◽  
Wei Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cysteine Protease ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Cysteine Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Uv Dose ◽  
Spinous Layer ◽  
Keratin 1

AbstractKeratins play critical roles in intermediate filament formation, inflammatory responses and cellular signaling in epithelium. While keratins is a major epidermal fluorophore, the mechanisms underlying the autofluorescence (AF) of keratins and its biomedical implications have remained unknown. Our study used mouse skin as a model to study these topics, showing that UV dose-dependently induced increases in green AF at the spinous layer of the epidermis of mouse within 6 hr of the UV exposures, which may be used for non-invasive prediction of UV-induced skin damage. The UV-induced AF appears to be induced by cysteine protease-mediated keratin 1 proteolysis: 1) UV rapidly induced significant keratin 1 degradation; 2) administration of keratin 1 siRNA largely decreased the UV-induced AF; and 3) administration of E-64, a cysteine protease inhibitor, significantly attenuated the UV-induced AF and keratin 1 degradation. Our study has also suggested that the UV-induced keratin 1 proteolysis may be a novel crucial pathological factor in UV-induced skin damage, which is supported by both the findings that indicate critical biological roles of keratin 1 in epithelium and our observation that prevention of UV-induced keratin 1 proteolysis can lead to decreased UV-induced skin damage. Collectively, our study has suggested that UV-induced keratin 1 proteolysis may be a novel and valuable target for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of UV-induced skin damage.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress Mediates UVC-Induced Increases in Epidermal Autofluorescence of C57 Mouse Ears

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingchao Zhang ◽  
Dhruba Tara Maharjan ◽  
Yujia Li ◽  
Weihai Ying
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Cysteine Protease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Multiple Regions ◽  
Acetyl Cysteine ◽  
Keratin 1

AbstractOur recent study has reported that UV-induced epidermal autofluorescence (AF) can be used as a novel biomarker for predicting UV-induced skin damage, which is originated from UV-induced, cysteine protease-mediated keratin 1 degradation. A key question regarding these findings is: Does oxidative stress play a significant role in the UV-induced epidermal AF and keratin 1 proteolysis? In our current study, we administered the widely used antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) into the skin of mouse ears to test our hypothesis that oxidative stress mediates UV-induced increases in the epidermal AF and keratin 1 degradation. Our study has shown that NAC administration can significantly attenuate the UVC-induced AF increases. The NAC administration can also significantly decrease the UVC-induced keratin 1 degradation. Collectively, our findings have indicated that the oxidative stress induced by UVC is causative to the UVC-induced increases in epidermal AF and keratin 1 proteolysis. Moreover, since oxidative stress is significantly increased in multiple regions of the body in several major diseases, the oxidative stress-induced increases in epidermal AF may become a novel biomarker for diagnosis of major diseases.

scholarly journals A Novel Cysteine Protease Inhibitor of Naegleria fowleri That Is Specifically Expressed during Encystation and at Mature Cysts

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
Hương Giang Lê ◽  
A-Jeong Ham ◽  
Jung-Mi Kang ◽  
Tuấn Cường Võ ◽  
Haung Naw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Cysteine Protease ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cyst Formation ◽  
Cysteine Proteases ◽  
Cysteine Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Naegleria Fowleri ◽  
Nægleria Fowleri ◽  
Cystatin Family

Naegleria fowleri is a free-living amoeba that is ubiquitous in diverse natural environments. It causes a fatal brain infection in humans known as primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. Despite the medical importance of the parasitic disease, there is a great lack of knowledge about the biology and pathogenicity of N. fowleri. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel cysteine protease inhibitor of N. fowleri (NfCPI). NfCPI is a typical cysteine protease inhibitor belonging to the cystatin family with a Gln-Val-Val-Ala-Gly (QVVAG) motif, a characteristic motif conserved in the cystatin family of proteins. Bacterially expressed recombinant NfCPI has a dimeric structure and exhibits inhibitory activity against several cysteine proteases including cathespin Bs of N. fowleri at a broad range of pH values. Expression profiles of nfcpi revealed that the gene was highly expressed during encystation and cyst of the amoeba. Western blot and immunofluorescence assays also support its high level of expression in cysts. These findings collectively suggest that NfCPI may play a critical role in encystation or cyst formation of N. fowleri by regulating cysteine proteases that may mediate encystation or mature cyst formation of the amoeba. More comprehensive studies to investigate the roles of NfCPI in encystation and its target proteases are necessary to elucidate the regulatory mechanism and the biological significance of NfCPI.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of a Continuous and Non-Invasive Multi-Wavelength Optical Sensor for Measurement of Dermal Water Content

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2162
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mamouei ◽  
Subhasri Chatterjee ◽  
Meysam Razban ◽  
Meha Qassem ◽  
Panayiotis A. Kyriacou
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Optical Sensor ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Biophysical Parameter ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Multi Wavelength ◽  
Invasive Measurement

Dermal water content is an important biophysical parameter in preserving skin integrity and preventing skin damage. Traditional electrical-based and open-chamber evaporimeters have several well-known limitations. In particular, such devices are costly, sizeable, and only provide arbitrary outputs. They also do not permit continuous and non-invasive monitoring of dermal water content, which can be beneficial for various consumer, clinical, and cosmetic purposes. We report here on the design and development of a digital multi-wavelength optical sensor that performs continuous and non-invasive measurement of dermal water content. In silico investigation on porcine skin was carried out using the Monte Carlo modeling strategy to evaluate the feasibility and characterize the sensor. Subsequently, an in vitro experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance of the sensor and benchmark its accuracy against a high-end, broad band spectrophotometer. Reference measurements were made against gravimetric analysis. The results demonstrate that the developed sensor can deliver accurate, continuous, and non-invasive measurement of skin hydration through measurement of dermal water content. Remarkably, the novel design of the sensor exceeded the performance of the high-end spectrophotometer due to the important denoising effects of temporal averaging. The authors believe, in addition to wellbeing and skin health monitoring, the designed sensor can particularly facilitate disease management in patients presenting diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, malnutrition, and atopic dermatitis.

Effects of Acupuncture in Prevention and Treatment of Diseases by Regulating Chemokines

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-146
Author(s):  
Tian-tian Zhao ◽  
Fang-fang Mou ◽  
Han Li ◽  
Shui-jin Shao ◽  
Hai-dong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Acupuncture Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Chemokines are involved in multiple pathological processes mainly associated with inflammatory responses by stimulating cell migration. The article reviews changes in the expression of several important chemokines after acupuncture treatment in the last five years, elucidates the mechanism of action of acupuncture in the treatment of various diseases from the perspective of chemokines, and provides reference for promoting the application of acupuncture and enhancing its treatment efficacy.

Characterization of serine/cysteine protease inhibitor α1-antitripsin from meconium-instilled rabbit lungs

2005 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Zagariya ◽  
R. Bhat ◽  
E. Zhabotynsky ◽  
G. Chari ◽  
S. Navale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Cysteine Protease ◽  
Cysteine Protease Inhibitor
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