scholarly journals Oxidative Stress Mediates UVC-Induced Increases in Epidermal Autofluorescence of C57 Mouse Ears

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingchao Zhang ◽  
Dhruba Tara Maharjan ◽  
Yujia Li ◽  
Weihai Ying
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Cysteine Protease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Multiple Regions ◽  
Acetyl Cysteine ◽  
Keratin 1

AbstractOur recent study has reported that UV-induced epidermal autofluorescence (AF) can be used as a novel biomarker for predicting UV-induced skin damage, which is originated from UV-induced, cysteine protease-mediated keratin 1 degradation. A key question regarding these findings is: Does oxidative stress play a significant role in the UV-induced epidermal AF and keratin 1 proteolysis? In our current study, we administered the widely used antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) into the skin of mouse ears to test our hypothesis that oxidative stress mediates UV-induced increases in the epidermal AF and keratin 1 degradation. Our study has shown that NAC administration can significantly attenuate the UVC-induced AF increases. The NAC administration can also significantly decrease the UVC-induced keratin 1 degradation. Collectively, our findings have indicated that the oxidative stress induced by UVC is causative to the UVC-induced increases in epidermal AF and keratin 1 proteolysis. Moreover, since oxidative stress is significantly increased in multiple regions of the body in several major diseases, the oxidative stress-induced increases in epidermal AF may become a novel biomarker for diagnosis of major diseases.

scholarly journals N-Acetyl-Cysteine supplementation lowers high homocysteine plasma levels and increases Glutathione synthesis in the trans-sulfuration pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-240
Author(s):  
Federico Cacciapuoti
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Active Form ◽  
The Body ◽  
Glutamate Cysteine Ligase ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Transsulfuration Pathway ◽  
Antioxidant Function ◽  
Acetyl Cysteine ◽  
Rate Limiting

Glutathione (GSH), a compound derived of a combination of three amino acids – cysteine, glycine and glutamine – is the final product of homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism  in the transsulfuration pathway. The major determinants of GSH synthesis are the availability of cysteine and the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme, glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL). A deficiency in  transsulfuration pathway leads to excessive Hcy production (HHcy) and reduced GSH synthesis. This tripeptide, that exists in the reduced or active  form (GSH) and oxidized variant (GSH), is the main antioxidant of the  body.  Independently of its antioxidant function, the compound  has an anti-inflammatory role too, reducing the production of interleukines and the expression of TNF-alfa and iNOS synthase. A dysregulation of GSH synthesis is recognized as contributing factor to the pathogenesis of many pathological conditions. But, the insufficiency of the transsulfuration pathway is also responsible of HHcy. Besides, this condition  decreases the activity of cellular “gluthatione peroxidase”, an intracellular antioxidant enzyme that reduces hydrogen peroxide to water with the prevalence of GSSH on GSH. The consequent GSH/GSSH impaired ratio also causes some common cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. In both occurrences, N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) supplementation supplies the cysteine necessary for GSH synthesis and contemporarily reduces HHcy, improving  the GPx1 activity and further reducing oxidative stress.

scholarly journals UV-Induced Keratin 1 Proteolysis Mediates UV-Induced Skin Damage

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingchao Zhang ◽  
Dhruba Tara Maharjan ◽  
Hao He ◽  
Yujia Li ◽  
Wei Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cysteine Protease ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Cysteine Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Uv Dose ◽  
Spinous Layer ◽  
Keratin 1

AbstractKeratins play critical roles in intermediate filament formation, inflammatory responses and cellular signaling in epithelium. While keratins is a major epidermal fluorophore, the mechanisms underlying the autofluorescence (AF) of keratins and its biomedical implications have remained unknown. Our study used mouse skin as a model to study these topics, showing that UV dose-dependently induced increases in green AF at the spinous layer of the epidermis of mouse within 6 hr of the UV exposures, which may be used for non-invasive prediction of UV-induced skin damage. The UV-induced AF appears to be induced by cysteine protease-mediated keratin 1 proteolysis: 1) UV rapidly induced significant keratin 1 degradation; 2) administration of keratin 1 siRNA largely decreased the UV-induced AF; and 3) administration of E-64, a cysteine protease inhibitor, significantly attenuated the UV-induced AF and keratin 1 degradation. Our study has also suggested that the UV-induced keratin 1 proteolysis may be a novel crucial pathological factor in UV-induced skin damage, which is supported by both the findings that indicate critical biological roles of keratin 1 in epithelium and our observation that prevention of UV-induced keratin 1 proteolysis can lead to decreased UV-induced skin damage. Collectively, our study has suggested that UV-induced keratin 1 proteolysis may be a novel and valuable target for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of UV-induced skin damage.

scholarly journals Cloves Regulate Na+-K+-ATPase to Exert Antioxidant Effect and Inhibit UVB Light-Induced Skin Damage in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Xi Gao ◽  
Fuling Luo ◽  
Hengguang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Membrane ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Damage ◽  
Tnf Α

The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of cloves (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry) on the mouse skin using a UVB-induced skin injury mouse model. The serum, liver, and skin indexes of mice were determined by kits, H&E tissue staining, and qPCR assay. The compound composition of cloves was determined by HPLC. The results showed that cloves increased the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase in the skin and then maintained the sodium and potassium pump in the damaged skin muscle membrane. Cloves alleviated the oxidative stress injury induced by UVB irradiation by normalizing the related oxidative stress indexes (T-SOD, CAT, AGEs, and H2O2) in serum and skin. Inhibition of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and increased activation of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 occurred after treatment with cloves, which ultimately reduced the inflammatory damage to the body. Further results showed that cloves upregulate SOD1, SOD2, CAT, GSH, IL-10, IκB-α, AMPK, SIRT1, LKB1, PGC-1α, APPL1, and FoxO1 and downregulate NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-6, and mTOR mRNA expression in the skin tissues of UVB-damaged mice. The results of composition analysis showed that the five most abundant compounds in cloves are rutin, isoquercitrin, ferulic acid, dihydroquercetin, and quercitrin. Cloves regulate the skin sarcomembrane Na+-K+-ATPase through these five compounds, and because they regulate the oxidation, inflammation, and ATP energy consumption of the body, they subsequently protect the skin from UVB damage.

Iron Metabolism in the Human Body and Setting its Hygienic Limits for Drinking Water. Review. Part 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 504-508
Author(s):  
Natalija A. Egorova ◽  
N. V. Kanatnikova
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Urogenital System ◽  
High Iron Content ◽  
Labile Iron Pool

Iron is an assential element for the growth, division, differentiation and functioning of any cell in the body. Iron is virtually important for human and danger at the same time, because with excessive accumulation it causes oxidative stress with formation of highly active oxygen radicals and reactive form of nitrogen that can destroy cell membranes, proteins, nucleic acids, reduce cell viability, with, according to modern concepts, can contribute to the development of many diseases (cardiovascular, rheumatic, gastrointestinal, neurodegenerative, oncological, metabolic and others), and also accelerate the aging process. Part 1 of this review discussed the issues of iron metabolism in human, including its regulation at the cellular and systemic levels, the intake, transport, use, accumulation and export of iron in cells, the role of the labile iron pool in the cytoplasm of cells and plasma non-transferrin bound iron. Data are provided on the causes, frequency and significance of iron overload in the formation of free radicals and the development of oxidative stress. Part 2 of the review provides information on diseases associated with iron overload as well as information on ferroptosis - a new type of iron-dependent regulated cell death. Attention is paid to the works of domestic authors, where it was found that prolonged use of drinking water with a high iron content is unfavorable for the population and leads to an increase in the overall incidence, the development of the diseases of the blood, skin and subcutaneous tissue, musculoskeletal system, digestive system, urogenital system, and allergic diseases. Separate publications are cited on the possibility of a negative effect of iron at concentrations in water of 0.3 mg/l and lower. The material of the review emphasizes the preventive significance of caution attitude to regulating iron in the water in the Russian Federation, where 1/3 of the population uses iron-containing water for drinking, and substantiate the feasibility of establishing a hygienic limit for iron in water not higher than 0.3 mg/l.

A Good Sentencing Precedent is Hard to Find

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Brian A. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
College Admissions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Federal Sentencing

In federal criminal cases, federal law requires that judges consider the sentences other courts have imposed in factually similar matters. Courts and parties, however, face significant challenges in finding applicable sentencing precedents because judges do not typically issue written sentencing opinions, and transcripts of sentencings are not readily available in advanced searchable databases. At the same time, particularly since the Supreme Court’s 2005 decision in United States v. Booker, sentencing precedent has come to play a significant role in federal sentencing proceedings. By way of example, this article discusses recent cases involving defendants with gambling addictions, and recent cases involving college admissions or testing fraud. The article explores the ways the parties in those cases have used sentencing precedent in their advocacy, as well as the ways the courts involved have used sentencing precedent to justify their decisions. Given the important role of sentencing precedent in federal criminal cases, the article finally looks at ways in which the body of sentencing law could be made more readily available to parties and courts alike.

Assessment of indicators of nervous and emotional stress in medical center personnel depending on the characteristics of their professional activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 650-657
Author(s):  
Irina V. Fedotova ◽  
Tatyana N. Vasilyeva ◽  
Tatyana V. Blinova ◽  
Irina A. Umnyagina ◽  
Yuliya V. Lyapina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Emotional Stress ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
The Body ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Glutathione System ◽  
Medical Centers

Introduction. Digital technologies are actively used in the work of specialists of medical centers of various profiles, which causes the impact on employees of a number of professional factors that determine the characteristics of their work. The aim of the study is to evaluate the influence of professional factors on the functional state of the employees' body and the glutathione system as an objective indicator of stress based on the analysis of the subjective perception of the medical center employees of the specifics of working with personal computers and psychophysiological testing. Materials and methods. The study involved 109 specialists of medical centers (25 ophthalmologists, 31 representatives of the secondary medical staff - nurses and paramedics, 53 office employees). The anonymous survey concerned the assessment of working conditions and their impact on the functional state of the body of the respondents. Performance and stress tolerance indicators were evaluated using three standard questionnaires. The study of 66 subjects' levels of glutathione in the blood: total, reduced, oxidized and the ratio of reduced and oxidized - was used to analyze the relationship of the neuro-emotional nature of labor with the reaction of oxidative stress. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using traditional methods of variation statistics and calculating the value of the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results. The survey revealed a significant proportion of people in all groups of respondents who constantly use computer technology in their work. Describing the quality of the processed information, doctors more than representatives of other groups note its complexity, importance, negative emotional color, a high degree of responsibility and tension. Doctors more often than average medical staff and office workers associate the manifestation of fatigue with an uncomfortable state of the visual organ, nervous system, and musculoskeletal system. The subjects showed reduced performance and stress tolerance with the most pronounced negative trends in the group of doctors. Changes in the glutathione system were detected, indicating the presence of oxidative stress in 40% of ophthalmologists and office workers, and in half of nurses. Conclusions. The work of specialists of medical centers of various profiles in accordance with their assessment is characterized by high nervous and emotional stress, due to the need to process a significant amount of complex and important professionally significant information. Subjectively noted by respondents the influence of working conditions on the functional state of the body is confirmed by indicators of the glutathione system, which can be used as indicators of nervous and emotional stress.

Gender differences in biochemical measurement reflecting the state of free-radical oxidation and antioxidant protection among workers in metallurgical production

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 877-881
Author(s):  
I. A. Umnyagina ◽  
L. A. Strakhova ◽  
T. V. Blinova
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Metallurgical Production ◽  
Production Factors

Introduction. To date, age and sex differences have been established for many biochemical parameters. Gender differences in indicators for systems such as antioxidant, thiol-disulfide, oxidative stress and inflammation systems are absent or under study.The aim of the study was to identify gender differences in biochemical parameters reflecting the functioning of antioxidant systems of the body and free radical oxidation in workers of metallurgical production, in contact with harmful production factors.Materials and methods. The blood of men and women working at the metallurgical enterprise of the Nizhny Novgorod region (n=80) under the influence of a complex of physical and chemical production factors was studied. Total oxidative stress, total antioxidant capacity of serum, glutathione levels were studied by photometric biochemical methods. Levels of C-reactive protein and 8-hydroxy–2-deoxyguanosine were studied by ELISA.Results. The average amount of peroxides in the serum of women exceeded 1.6 times this figure in men. In the group of men, the content of 8-Ondg was higher by 26% (p=0.012), the level of GS-by 12% (p=0.019), the activity of SOD — by 1.5–2 times (p=0.0001), the level of CRP — by 2 times (p=0.008) compared to similar indicators in women.Conclusions. Studies of gender differences in workers under the influence of harmful production factors will allow more effective approach to the etiology, treatment and prognosis of production-related diseases. Indicators of oxidative stress and antioxidant protection can be indicators of the health of workers under the influence of harmful industrial factors and be important in the prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress.

Evaluation of Salivary Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress Markers in Male Smokers

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 496-501
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ahmadi-Motamayel ◽  
Parisa Falsafi ◽  
Hamidreza Abolsamadi ◽  
Mohammad T. Goodarzi ◽  
Jalal Poorolajal
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background: Cigarette smoke free radicals can cause cellular damage and different diseases. All the body fluids have antioxidants which protect against free radicals. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary total antioxidant capacity and peroxidase, uric acid and malondialdehyde levels in smokers and a nonsmoking control group. Methods: Unstimulated saliva was collected from 510 males. A total of 259 subjects were current smokers and 251 were non-smokers. The levels of salivary total antioxidant capacity, uric acid, peroxidase and malondialdehyde were measured using standard procedures. Data were analyzed with t test and ANOVA. Results: The smokers were younger and dental hygiene index was higher than healthy nonsmoking controls. The mean total antioxidant capacity in smokers and nonsmokers was 0.13±0.07 and 0.21±011, respectively (P=0.001). Smokers had significantly lower peroxidase and uric acid levels than healthy controls. In addition, the mean malondialdehyde levels in the smokers and nonsmokers were 4.55 ±2.61 and 2.79 ±2.21, respectively (P=0.001). Conclusion: Cigarette smoke produces free radical and oxidative stress, causing many side effects. Salivary antioxidant levels decreased and malondialdehyde levels increased in smokers, indicating the high oxidative stress among smokers compared to nonsmokers. Cigarette smoke had deleterious effects on main salivary antioxidants levels.

Concept of Artavavaha Srotas

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Shraddha Singh ◽  
Shivaji Pawar ◽  
Preeti Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Disease Condition

In Ayurveda, the concept of Srotas has been propagated very specifically. They are integral part of the body. Body is composed of numerous Srotas which have a significant role in maintenance of equilibrium of body elements. They are responsible for maintenance of health as well as disease condition. Srotas is a channel through which different elements undergo transformation, circulation and transportation. Pathological changes occurs in the body due to Srotodushti, Srotosanga etc.

scholarly journals Hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities of ethanol seed extract of Hunteria umbellate (Hallier F.) on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olubanke O. Ogunlana ◽  
Babatunde O. Adetuyi ◽  
Miracle Rotimi ◽  
lohor Esalomi ◽  
Alaba Adeyemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Group 5

Abstract Background Diabetes, a global cause of mortality in developing countries is a chronic disorder affecting the metabolism of macromolecules and has been attributed to the defective production and action of insulin characterized by persistent hyperglycemic properties. This global disorder harms organs of the body such as the liver, kidney and spleen. Medicinal plants such as Hunteria umbellate have been shown to possess hypoglycemic, antioxidative and anti-diabetic properties owing to the high concentration of active phytochemical constituents like flavonoids and alkaloids. The present study seeks to evaluate the hypoglycemic activities of ethanolic seed extract of Hunteria umbellate on streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats. Methods Thirty (30) female experimental rats were randomly divided into five groups with six rats per group and were administered streptozotocin (STZ) and Hunteria umbellate as follows. Group 1 served as control and was given only distilled water, group 2 rats were administered 60 mg/kg STZ; Group 3 was administered 60 mg/kg STZ and 100 mg/kg metformin; group 4 rats were administered 60 mg/kg STZ and 800 mg/kg Hunteria umbellate, group 5 rats 60 mg/kg STZ and 400 mg/kg Hunteria umbellate. The fasting blood glucose level of each rat was measured before sacrifice. Rats were then sacrificed 24 h after the last dose of treatment. Results The results showed that Hunteria umbellate significantly reversed STZ-induced increase in fasting blood glucose and increase in body and organs weight of rats. Hunteria umbellate significantly reversed STZ-induced decrease in antioxidant enzyme in liver, kidney and spleen of rats. Hunteria umbellate significantly reversed STZ-induced increase in oxidative stress markers in liver, kidney and spleen of rats. Conclusion Collectively, our results provide convincing information that inhibition of oxidative stress and regulation of blood glucose level are major mechanisms through which Hunteria umbellate protects against streptozotocin-induced diabketes rats.

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