scholarly journals Major QTL controls adaptation to serpentine soils in Mimulus guttatus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica P. Selby ◽  
John H. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Serpentine Soils ◽  
Mimulus Guttatus ◽  
Fitness Effects ◽  
Spatially Varying ◽  
Spatially Varying Selection ◽  
Physical Challenges ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Major Qtl

ABSTRACTSpatially varying selection is a critical driver of adaptive differentiation. Yet, there are few examples where the fitness effects of naturally segregating variants that contribute to local adaptation have been measured in the field. This project investigates the genetic basis of adaption to serpentine soils in Mimulus guttatus. Reciprocal transplant studies show that serpentine and non-serpentine populations of M. guttatus are genetically differentiated in their ability to survive on serpentine soils. We mapped serpentine tolerance by performing a bulk segregant analysis on F2 survivors from a field transplant study and identify a single QTL where individuals that are homozygous for the non-serpentine allele do not survive on serpentine soils. This same QTL controls serpentine tolerance in a second, geographically distant population. A common garden study where the two serpentine populations were grown on each other′s soil finds that one of the populations has significantly lower survival on this “foreign” serpentine soil compared to its home soil. So, while these two populations share a major QTL they either differ at other loci involved in serpentine adaptation or have different causal alleles at this QTL. This raises the possibility that serpentine populations may not be broadly tolerant to serpentine soils but may instead be locally adapted to their particular patch. Nevertheless, despite the myriad chemical and physical challenges that plants face in serpentine habitats, adaptation to these soils in M. guttatus has a simple genetic basis.

scholarly journals Genome-wide patterns of local adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster: adding intra European variability to the map

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Mateo ◽  
Gabriel E. Rech ◽  
Josefa González
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Population Differentiation ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Spatially Varying ◽  
Spatially Varying Selection ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
European Populations

ABSTRACTSignatures of spatially varying selection have been investigated both at the genomic and transcriptomic level in several organisms. In Drosophila melanogaster, the majority of these studies have analyzed North American and Australian populations, leading to the identification of several loci and traits under selection. However, populations in these two continents showed evidence of admixture that likely contributed to the observed population differentiation patterns. Thus, disentangling demography from selection is challenging when analyzing these populations. European populations could be a suitable system to identify loci under spatially varying selection provided that no recent admixture from African populations would have occurred. In this work, we individually sequence the genome of 42 European strains collected in populations from contrasting environments: Stockholm (Sweden), and Castellana Grotte, (Southern Italy). We found low levels of population structure and no evidence of recent African admixture in these two populations. We thus look for patterns of spatially varying selection affecting individual genes and gene sets. Besides single nucleotide polymorphisms, we also investigate the role of transposable elements in local adaptation. We concluded that European populations are a good dataset to identify loci under spatially varying selection. The analysis of the two populations sequenced in this work in the context of all the available D. melanogaster data allowed us to pinpoint genes and biological processes relevant for local adaptation. Identifying and analyzing populations with low levels of population structure and admixture should help to disentangle selective from non-selective forces underlying patterns of population differentiation in other species as well.

Does climate-related in situ variability of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles have a genetic basis? Evidence from common garden experiments

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Jankowski ◽  
Tomasz P Wyka ◽  
Roma Żytkowiak ◽  
Darius Danusevičius ◽  
Jacek Oleksyn
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Common Garden Experiments

scholarly journals Spatial self-organization favors heterotypic cooperation over cheating

eLife ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Momeni ◽  
Adam James Waite ◽  
Wenying Shou
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Partner Choice ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Fitness Effects ◽  
Spatial Environment ◽  
Engineered Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Two Populations

Heterotypic cooperation—two populations exchanging distinct benefits that are costly to produce—is widespread. Cheaters, exploiting benefits while evading contribution, can undermine cooperation. Two mechanisms can stabilize heterotypic cooperation. In ‘partner choice’, cooperators recognize and choose cooperating over cheating partners; in ‘partner fidelity feedback’, fitness-feedback from repeated interactions ensures that aiding your partner helps yourself. How might a spatial environment, which facilitates repeated interactions, promote fitness-feedback? We examined this process through mathematical models and engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains incapable of recognition. Here, cooperators and their heterotypic cooperative partners (partners) exchanged distinct essential metabolites. Cheaters exploited partner-produced metabolites without reciprocating, and were competitively superior to cooperators. Despite initially random spatial distributions, cooperators gained more partner neighbors than cheaters did. The less a cheater contributed, the more it was excluded and disfavored. This self-organization, driven by asymmetric fitness effects of cooperators and cheaters on partners during cell growth into open space, achieves assortment.

Seasonal variation of picloram metabolism in broom (Gutierrezia sarothrae) and threadleaf (Gutierrezia microcephala) snakeweed populations in a common garden

Weed Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa A. Gibbs ◽  
Tracy M. Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Tissue Sensitivity ◽  
Gutierrezia Sarothrae ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Treatment Application

Broom and threadleaf snakeweed are major rangeland weeds in the western United States, and picloram is the major herbicide used for their management. Previous work has shown that these species are most susceptible to picloram applied in autumn or when precipitation is high and that differences in herbicide absorption and tissue sensitivity as measured by picloram-induced ethylene production do not fully explain variation in seasonal response. Therefore, the role of picloram metabolism in seasonal susceptibility to picloram was examined. Because snakeweed is characterized as highly genetically variable, picloram metabolism was evaluated monthly for 3 yr among populations from two species as well. Picloram metabolism was examined monthly for 3 yr among two populations of threadleaf and nine populations of broom snakeweed grown in a common garden. Metabolism ranged from 30 to 70% of picloram applied, and picloram was converted to two metabolites more polar than picloram regardless of species or population. Although metabolism was greatest in the year with the most precipitation, rate of metabolism was unrelated to precipitation received in the 7-d period before treatment. Application timing as defined by a given month or specific phenological stage was not related to the level of metabolism. We conclude that variation in picloram metabolism is not involved in differential susceptibility across season or population.

A Simple Exposition of Jensen’s Error

1978 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
Roger Milkman
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Simple Exposition

Jensen (1969 , 1973) has used within-population heritability data to support his contention that IQ differences between races have a considerable genetic basis. Criticism of this reasoning has been frequent, but perhaps never categorical. A method is now described for illustrating the error simply and quantitatively. An example shows that high heritability of a property within each of two populations is consistent with a vanishingly small heritability in the combined population.

scholarly journals Spatially varying selection shapes life history clines among populations of Drosophila melanogaster from sub-Saharan Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 826-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Fabian ◽  
J. B. Lack ◽  
V. Mathur ◽  
C. Schlötterer ◽  
P. S. Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Life History ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Spatially Varying ◽  
Spatially Varying Selection

scholarly journals The Genetic Consequences of Spatially Varying Selection in the Panmictic American Eel (Anguilla rostrata)

Genetics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 190 (2) ◽  
pp. 725-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Alexandre Gagnaire ◽  
Eric Normandeau ◽  
Caroline Côté ◽  
Michael Møller Hansen ◽  
Louis Bernatchez
Keyword(s):  
Anguilla Rostrata ◽  
American Eel ◽  
Spatially Varying ◽  
Spatially Varying Selection

scholarly journals Differences in the genetic basis of leaf dissection between two populations of Crepis tectorum (Asteraceae)

Heredity ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Crepis Tectorum ◽  
Two Populations

scholarly journals QTL Mapping and integration as well as candidate gene prediction for branch number in soybean

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhua Yang ◽  
Yang Lei ◽  
Zhiyuan Bai ◽  
Yichao Wei ◽  
Ruijun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Gene Prediction ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Orthologous Genes ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Lateral Organs ◽  
Major Qtl

AbstractBranch number is an important factor that affects crop plant architecture and yield in soybean. With the aim of elucidating the genetic basis of branch number, we identified 10 consensus quantitative trait loci (QTLs) through preliminary mapping, which were on chromosome A1, B2, C1, C2, D1a, D1b, F, L and N, explained 0.3-33.3% of the phenotypic variance. Of these, three QTLs were identical to previously identified ones, whereas the other seven were novel. In addition, one major QTL-qBN.C2 (R2=33.3%) was detected in all three environments and another new major QTL-qBN.N (R2=19.6%) was detected in two environments (Taiyuan 2017 and Taiyuan 2018), but only in Taiyuan. Thus, the QTL × environment interaction analysis confirmed that QTL-qBN.N was strongly affected by the environment. We compared the physical positions of the QTL intervals of the candidate genes potentially involved in branching development, and five orthologous genes were ultimately selected and related to the establishment of axillae meristem organization and lateral organs, qBN.A1 (SoyZH13_05G177000.m1), qBN.C2 (SoyZH13_06G176500.m1, SoyZH13_06G185600.m1), and qBN.D1b-1 (SoyZH13_02G035400.m1, SoyZH13_02G070000.m3). The results of our study reveal a complex and relatively complete genetic architecture and can serve as a basis for the positional gene cloning of branch number in soybean.

scholarly journals Experimental and field data support habitat expansion of the allopolyploid Arabidopsis kamchatica owing to parental legacy of heavy metal hyperaccumulation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Paape ◽  
Reiko Akiyma ◽  
Teo Cereghetti ◽  
Yoshihiko Onda ◽  
Akira Hirao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Serpentine Soils ◽  
Metal Hyperaccumulation ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Hydroponic Cultures ◽  
Arabidopsis Kamchatica ◽  
Native Soils ◽  
Two Populations

AbstractLittle empirical evidence is available whether allopolyploid species combine or merge adaptations of parental species. The allopolyploid species Arabidopsis kamchatica is a natural hybrid of the diploid parents A. halleri, a heavy metal hyperaccumulator, and A. lyrata, a non-hyperaccumulating species. Zinc and cadmium were measured in native soils and leaf tissues in natural populations, and in hydroponic cultures of A. kamchatica and A. halleri. Pyrosequencing was used to estimate homeolog expression ratios. Soils from human modified sites showed significantly higher Zn concentrations than non-modified sites. Leaf samples of A. kamchatica collected from 40 field localities had > 1,000 µg g-1 Zn in over half of the populations, with significantly higher amounts of Zn concentrations in plants from human modified sites. In addition, serpentine soils were found in two populations. Most genotypes accumulated >3000 µg g-1 of Zn in hydroponic culture with high variability among them. Genes involved in hyperaccumulation showed a bias in the halleri-derived homeolog. A. kamchatica has retained constitutive hyperaccumulation ability inherited from A. halleri. Our field and experimental data provides a compelling example in which the inheritance of genetic toolkits for soil adaptations likely contributed to the habitat expansion of an allopolyploid species.

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