scholarly journals Role of DCP1-DCP2 complex regulated by viral and host microRNAs in DNA virus infection

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuechao Sun ◽  
Xiaobo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
White Spot Syndrome Virus ◽  
Antiviral Immunity ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Rnai Pathway ◽  
Dna Virus ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Negative Effect

AbstractThe DCP1-DCP2 complex can regulate the animal antiviral immunity by the decapping of retrovirus RNAs and the suppression of RNAi pathway. However, the influence of DCP1-DCP2 complex on DNA virus infection and the regulation of DCP1-DCP2 complex by microRNAs (miRNAs) remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of miRNA-regulated DCP1-DCP2 complex in DNA virus infection. Our results suggested that the DCP1-DCP2 complex played a positive role in the infection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), a DNA virus of shrimp. The N-terminal regulatory domain of DCP2 was interacted with the EVH1 domain of DCP1, forming the DCP1-DCP2 complex. Furthermore, a host shrimp miRNA (miR-87) inhibited WSSV infection by targeting the host DCP2 gene and a viral miRNA (WSSV-miR-N46) took a negative effect on WSSV replication by targeting the host DCP1 gene. Therefore, our study provided novel insights into the underlying mechanism of DCP1-DCP2 complex and its regulation by miRNAs in virus-host interactions.The DCP1-DCP2 complex can regulate the animal antiviral immunity by the decapping of retrovirus RNAs and the suppression of RNAi pathway. In the present study, the findings indicated that the silencing of the DCP1-DCP2 complex inhibited the infection of WSSV, a DNA virus of shrimp, suggesting that the DCP1-DCP2 complex facilitated DNA virus infection. Due to the suppressive role of the DCP1-DCP2 complex in RNAi pathway against virus infection, the DCP1-DCP2 complex could promote WSSV infection in shrimp. In this context, our study contributed a novel aspect of the DCP1-DCP2 complex in virus-host interactions. Our study revealed that the host and viral miRNAs could regulate the DCP1-DCP2 complex to affect virus infection. Therefore, our study provided novel insights into the miRNA-mediated regulation of DCP1-DCP2 complex took great effects on RNAi immunity of invertebrates against virus infection.

The Role of Family Ownership in Survival and Bouncing Back

2020 ◽  
pp. 261-282
Author(s):  
María Iborra ◽  
Vicente Safón ◽  
Consuelo Dolz
Keyword(s):  
Family Firms ◽  
Good News ◽  
Family Ownership ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Bankruptcy Risk ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Litmus Test ◽  
The Relationship

The latest global economic and financial crisis has been a litmus test for companies, especially for SMEs. These companies have had to demonstrate their ability to be resilient, surviving first and then recovering. This chapter studies the role of family ownership in the survival and recovery of SMEs during a stressful event. From a perspective based on the complementarity or substitutability of goals that family firms pursue, the authors propose that family ownership has a positive effect on survival but a negative effect on recovery. Furthermore, they propose that the risk of bankruptcy before a crisis moderates the relationship between family ownership and survival. Hypotheses have been tested with a dataset of 3,133 Spanish manufacturing MEs finding evidence for the positive role of family ownership in survival and for the moderating effect of previous bankruptcy risk. The empirical data confirms good news for family-owned firms.

scholarly journals Role of DCP1-DCP2 complex regulated by viral and host microRNAs in DNA virus infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuechao Sun ◽  
Xiaobo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Dna Virus

scholarly journals Two White Spot Syndrome Virus MicroRNAs Target the Dorsal Gene To Promote Virus Infection in Marsupenaeus japonicus Shrimp

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Ren ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
Yalei Cui ◽  
Jiejie Sun ◽  
Wen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
White Spot Syndrome Virus ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Viral Mirnas ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Toll Signaling ◽  
White Spot Syndrome

ABSTRACT In eukaryotes, microRNAs (miRNAs) serve as regulators of many biological processes, including virus infection. An miRNA can generally target diverse genes during virus-host interactions. However, the regulation of gene expression by multiple miRNAs has not yet been extensively explored during virus infection. This study found that the Spaztle (Spz)-Toll-Dorsal-antilipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) signaling pathway plays a very important role in antiviral immunity against invasion of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus). Dorsal, the central gene in the Toll pathway, was targeted by two viral miRNAs (WSSV-miR-N13 and WSSV-miR-N23) during WSSV infection. The regulation of Dorsal expression by viral miRNAs suppressed the Spz-Toll-Dorsal-ALF signaling pathway in shrimp in vivo, leading to virus infection. Our study contributes novel insights into the viral miRNA-mediated Toll signaling pathway during the virus-host interaction. IMPORTANCE An miRNA can target diverse genes during virus-host interactions. However, the regulation of gene expression by multiple miRNAs during virus infection has not yet been extensively explored. The results of this study indicated that the shrimp Dorsal gene, the central gene in the Toll pathway, was targeted by two viral miRNAs during infection with white spot syndrome virus. Regulation of Dorsal expression by viral miRNAs suppressed the Spz-Toll-Dorsal-ALF signaling pathway in shrimp in vivo, leading to virus infection. Our study provides new insight into the viral miRNA-mediated Toll signaling pathway in virus-host interactions.

scholarly journals A DNA-sensing–independent role of a nuclear RNA helicase, DHX9, in stimulation of NF-κB–mediated innate immunity against DNA virus infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (17) ◽  
pp. 9011-9026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yee Ching Ng ◽  
Woo-Chang Chung ◽  
Hye-Ri Kang ◽  
Hye-Jeong Cho ◽  
Eun-Byeol Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Rna Helicase ◽  
Dna Sensing ◽  
Dna Virus ◽  
Nuclear Rna ◽  
Stimulation Of

When Essentialism Facilitates Intergroup Conflict Resolution: The Positive Role of Perspective-Taking

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna J. Yao ◽  
Melody M. Chao ◽  
Angela K.-y. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Conflict Management ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Intragroup Conflict ◽  
Constructive Conflict ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts

Essentialism, a fundamental belief of the fixedness of social group essences, is often associated with negative intergroup outcomes. However, research is yet to explore the role of essentialism in intergroup conflicts, despite their prevalence. To address this gap, we conducted the first direct examination on how essentialism influences conflict management toward out-group members. Moreover, we examined perspective-taking as a positive factor in improving conflict management among essentialist individuals relative to their non-essentialist counterparts in intergroup contexts. Results across three experiments provided little support to the negative effect of essentialism on intergroup (vs. intragroup) conflict management. Yet, we found that perspective-taking promoted the use of problem solving and improved one’s own gain and the dyad’s joint gain among essentialist individuals, but not non-essentialist individuals, in intergroup (vs. intragroup) conflict situations. This research suggests that when coupled with perspective-taking, essentialism can promote constructive conflict resolution in intergroup contexts.

Role of Marsupenaeus japonicus crustin-like peptide against Vibrio penaeicida and white spot syndrome virus infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheryll Grospe Hipolito ◽  
Aiko Shitara ◽  
Hidehiro Kondo ◽  
Ikuo Hirono
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
White Spot Syndrome Virus ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Marsupenaeus Japonicus ◽  
White Spot Syndrome

scholarly journals Induction and Suppression of NF-κB Signalling by a DNA Virus ofDrosophila

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Palmer ◽  
Joep Joosten ◽  
Gijs J. Overheul ◽  
Pascal W. Jansen ◽  
Michiel Vermeulen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Antiviral Immunity ◽  
Toll Pathway ◽  
Dna Virus ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTInteractions between the insect immune system and RNA viruses have been extensively studied inDrosophila, in which RNA interference, NF-κB, and JAK-STAT pathways underlie antiviral immunity. In response to RNA interference, insect viruses have convergently evolved suppressors of this pathway that act by diverse mechanisms to permit viral replication. However, interactions between the insect immune system and DNA viruses have received less attention, primarily because fewDrosophila-infecting DNA virus isolates are available. In this study, we used a recently isolated DNA virus ofDrosophila melanogaster, Kallithea virus (KV; familyNudiviridae), to probe known antiviral immune responses and virus evasion tactics in the context of DNA virus infection. We found that fly mutants for RNA interference and immune deficiency (Imd), but not Toll, pathways are more susceptible to Kallithea virus infection. We identified the Kallithea virus-encoded protein gp83 as a potent inhibitor of Toll signalling, suggesting that Toll mediates antiviral defense against Kallithea virus infection but that it is suppressed by the virus. We found that Kallithea virus gp83 inhibits Toll signalling through the regulation of NF-κB transcription factors. Furthermore, we found that gp83 of the closely related Drosophila innubila nudivirus (DiNV) suppressesD. melanogasterToll signalling, suggesting an evolutionarily conserved function of Toll in defense against DNA viruses. Together, these results provide a broad description of known antiviral pathways in the context of DNA virus infection and identify the first Toll pathway inhibitor in aDrosophilavirus, extending the known diversity of insect virus-encoded immune inhibitors.IMPORTANCECoevolution of multicellular organisms and their natural viruses may lead to an intricate relationship in which host survival requires effective immunity and virus survival depends on evasion of such responses. Insect antiviral immunity and reciprocal virus immunosuppression tactics have been well studied inDrosophila melanogaster, primarily during RNA, but not DNA, virus infection. Therefore, we describe interactions between a recently isolatedDrosophilaDNA virus (Kallithea virus [KV]) and immune processes known to control RNA viruses, such as RNA interference (RNAi) and Imd pathways. We found that KV suppresses the Toll pathway and identified gp83 as a KV-encoded protein that underlies this suppression. This immunosuppressive ability is conserved in another nudivirus, suggesting that the Toll pathway has conserved antiviral activity against DNA nudiviruses, which have evolved suppressors in response. Together, these results indicate that DNA viruses induce and suppress NF-κB responses, and they advance the application of KV as a model to study insect immunity.

scholarly journals The roles of grouper clathrin light chains in regulating the infection of a novel marine DNA virus, Singapore grouper iridovirus

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqun Wang ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Songwei Ni ◽  
Youhua Huang ◽  
Jingguang Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Light Chains ◽  
Dna Virus ◽  
Virus Attachment ◽  
Heavy Chains ◽  
Fish Virus ◽  
Early Endosomes ◽  
Epinephelus Akaara ◽  
First Time

Abstract Clathrins, composed of clathrin heavy chains (CHCs) and clathrin light chains (CLCs), are usually hijacked by viruses for infection. However, the role of CLCs, especially in regulating fish virus infection, remains poorly understood. Here, two isoforms of CLCs were cloned from the red-spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara) (EaCLCa and EaCLCb). Both EaCLC transcripts were expressed in all examined tissues, and the expression of EaCLCa was much higher than that of EaCLCb. Over-expressing EaCLCa-W119R mutant significantly reduced Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) infectivity. However, no effect of EaCLCb-W122R on SGIV infection was observed. The detailed steps were further studied, mainly including virus attachment, entry and the following transport to early endosomes. EaCLCa-W119R mutant notably inhibited internalization of SGIV particles with no effect on SGIV attachment. Furthermore, EaCLCa-W119R mutant obviously impaired the delivery of SGIV to early endosomes after virus internalization. In addition, the EaCLCa-W119R mutant markedly reduced the colocalization of SGIV and actin. However, EaCLCb is not required for such events during SGIV infection. Taken together, these results demonstrate for the first time that EaCLCa and EaCLCb exerted different impacts on iridovirus infection, providing a better understanding of the mechanisms of SGIV infection and opportunities for the design of new antiviral strategies.

scholarly journals Know Thyself: RIG-I-Like Receptor Sensing of DNA Virus Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhao ◽  
John Karijolich
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Intrinsic Immunity ◽  
Dna Virus ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Recent Advances

ABSTRACT The RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) are double-stranded RNA-binding proteins that play a role in initiating and modulating cell intrinsic immunity through the recognition of RNA features typically absent from the host transcriptome. While they are initially characterized in the context of RNA virus infection, evidence has now accumulated establishing the role of RLRs in DNA virus infection. Here, we review recent advances in the RLR-mediated restriction of DNA virus infection with an emphasis on the RLR ligands sensed.

The T cell factor, pangolin, from Litopenaeus vannamei play a positive role in the immune responses against white spot syndrome virus infection

2021 ◽  
pp. 104041
Author(s):  
Lulu Zhu ◽  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Cuihong Hou ◽  
Xueping Liang ◽  
Mustafa Abdo Saif Dehwah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
White Spot Syndrome Virus ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
T Cell Factor ◽  
White Spot Syndrome
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