scholarly journals Changes choroidal area following trabeculectomy: long-term effect of intraocular pressure reduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Kojima ◽  
Kazuyuki Hirooka ◽  
Shozo Sonoda ◽  
Taiji Sakamoto ◽  
Yoshiaki Kiuchi
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Binary Images ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Method Factors ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Purpose: To investigate the long-term effects of intraocular pressure (IOP) changes after trabeculectomy on the macular and peripapillary choroidal areas. Methods: This prospective longitudinal study examined 30 eyes of 30 patients with glaucoma that was uncontrolled by medical therapy. At 1 day before and at 1 year after the trabeculectomy surgery, macular and peripapillary choroidal images were recorded by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). Luminal and interstitial areas were converted to binary images using the Niblack method. Factors influencing the macular choroidal and peripapillary area were examined by multivariate analysis. Results: After trabeculectomy, the mean IOP was 10.8±3.2 mmHg compared to 17.8±7.2 mmHg at baseline (P < 0.001). The total macular choroidal area after the surgery increased from 317,735±77,380 to 338,120±90,700 μm2, while the interstitial area increased from 108,598±24,502 to 119,172±31,495 μm2 (all P < 0.05). The total peripapillary choroidal area after the surgery also increased from 1,557,487±431,798 to 1,650,253±466,672 μm2, while the interstitial area increased from 689,891±149,476 to 751,816±162,457 μm2 (all P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences observed in the luminal area before and after the surgery. A decrease in the IOP was among the factors associated with the changes in the peripapillary choroidal area. Conclusions: IOP reductions after trabeculectomy led to increases in the macular and peripapillary choroidal areas for at least 1 year postoperative. Increases in the interstitial areas were the primary reason for observed changes in the choroidal area after trabeculectomy.

A prospective, longitudinal study of the long-term effect of treatment on bone density in children with celiac disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Mora ◽  
Graziano Barera ◽  
Sabrina Beccio ◽  
Laura Menni ◽  
Maria Carla Proverbio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

scholarly journals Feasibility and Enjoyment of Exercise Video Games in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 559-559
Author(s):  
Sara Freed ◽  
Briana Sprague ◽  
Lesley Ross
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Game Design ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Xbox Kinect ◽  
Game Developers

Abstract Interventions using exercise video games, or exergames, have shown short-term cognitive and physical benefits to older adults, though long-term effects are less promising. Enjoyment of exergames may promote exergame use after the intervention period, though little work has examined older adults’ views of exergames before and after gameplay experience. We invited 20 older adults between 65 and 84 years of age (M=73.30, SD=5.95) to play two Xbox Kinect games, Just Dance and Kinect Sports Rivals, for twenty minutes. In our presentation, we will present qualitative and quantitative findings of this pilot study, including findings that older adults reported that they were not likely to play similar exergames in the future and that they did not find the exergames to be more fun compared to other ways of exercising. We will discuss implications for game design and research relevant to game developers, manufacturers, and researchers. Part of a symposium sponsored by Technology and Aging Interest Group.

scholarly journals Chikungunya Virus-associated Long-term Arthralgia: A 36-month Prospective Longitudinal Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e2137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clémentine Schilte ◽  
Frédérik Staikovsky ◽  
Thérèse Couderc ◽  
Yoann Madec ◽  
Florence Carpentier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

scholarly journals Long-Term Effect of Interferon on Keratinocytes That Maintain Human Papillomavirus Type 31

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (17) ◽  
pp. 8864-8874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijan E. Chang ◽  
Loren Pena ◽  
Ganes C. Sen ◽  
Jung K. Park ◽  
Laimonis A. Laimins
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Inducible Promoter ◽  
Interferon Treatment ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Rates Of Growth

ABSTRACT The long-term effects of interferon treatment on cell lines that maintain human papillomavirus type 31 (HPV-31) episomes have been examined. High doses and prolonged interferon treatment resulted in growth arrest of HPV-positive cells, with a high percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis. These effects were not seen with interferon treatment of either normal human keratinocytes or cells derived from HPV-negative squamous carcinomas, which exhibited only slight decreases in their rates of growth. Within 2 weeks of the initiation of treatment, a population of HPV-31-positive cells that were resistant to interferon appeared consistently and reproducibly. The resistant cells had growth and morphological characteristics similar to those of untreated cells. Long-term interferon treatment of HPV-positive cells also resulted in a reduction in HPV episome levels but did not significantly decrease the number of integrated copies of HPV. Cells that maintained HPV genomes lacking E5 were sensitive to interferon, while cells expressing only the E6/E7 genes were resistant. In contrast, cells that expressed E2 from a tetracycline-inducible promoter were found to be significantly more sensitive to interferon treatment than parental cells. This suggests that at least a portion of the sensitivity to interferon could be mediated through the E2 protein. These studies indicate that cells maintaining HPV episomes are highly sensitive to interferon treatment but that resistant populations arise quickly.

scholarly journals The Long-Term Effect of an Independent Capacity Protocol on Emergency Department Length of Stay: A before and after Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won Chul Cha ◽  
Kyoung Jun Song ◽  
Jin Sung Cho ◽  
Adam J. Singer ◽  
Sang Do Shin
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Before And After Study

scholarly journals UK legislation on analgesic packs: before and after study of long term effect on poisonings

BMJ ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 329 (7474) ◽  
pp. 1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Hawton ◽  
Sue Simkin ◽  
Jonathan Deeks ◽  
Jayne Cooper ◽  
Amy Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Term Effect ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Before And After Study

scholarly journals Nutritional deficiencies and later behavioural development

2000 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Grantham-McGregor ◽  
S. P. Walker ◽  
S. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

The literature on the long-term effects of nutritional deficiencies in early life is reviewed. The severity and duration of the deficiency, the stage of the children’s development, the biological condition of the children and the socio-cultural context may all modify the effect. There is substantial evidence that reduced breast-feeding, small-for-gestational-age birth weight, Fe and I deficiency, and protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) are associated with long-term deficits in cognition and school achievement. However, all these conditions are associated with poverty and poor health, which may account for the association. It is difficult to establish that the long-term relationship is causal, as it requires a randomized treatment trial with long-term follow-up. Such studies are only available for I deficiency in utero and early childhood PEM. Results from these studies indicate that I deficiency has a long-term effect and PEM probably has a long-term effect.

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