scholarly journals Multiple-Strain Infections of Human Cytomegalovirus with High Genomic Diversity are Common In Breast Milk from HIV-Positive Women in Zambia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás M. Suárez ◽  
Kunda G. Musonda ◽  
Eric Escriva ◽  
Margaret Njenga ◽  
Anthony Agbueze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Strain Diversity ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Hiv Negative

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn developed countries, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major pathogen in congenitally infected and immunocompromised individuals, in whom multiple-strain infection is linked to disease severity. The situation is less documente in developing countries. In Zambia, breast milk is a key route for transmitting HCMV and carries higher viral loads in HIV-positive women. We investigated HCMV strain diversity.MethodsHigh-throughput sequence datasets were generated from 28 HCMV-positive breast milk samples donated by 22 mothers (15 HIV-positive and seven HIV-negative) at 4 or 16 weeks (or both) postpartum and analysed by genotyping 12 hypervariable HCMV genes.ResultsAmong the 20 samples from 14 donors (13 HIV-positive and one HIV-negative) that yielded data meeting quality thresholds, 89 of the possible 109 genotypes were detected, and multiple-strain infections involving up to five strains per person were apparent in nine HIV-positive women. Strain diversity was extensive among individuals but conserved compartmentally and longitudinally within them. Genotypic linkage was maintained within the hypervariable UL73/UL74 and RL12/RL13/UL1 loci for virus-entry and immunomodulation, but not between genes more distant from each other.ConclusionsBreast milk from HIV-positive women contains multiple HCMV strains of high genotypic complexity and thus constitutes a major source for transmitting viral diversity.

scholarly journals Multiple-Strain Infections of Human Cytomegalovirus With High Genomic Diversity Are Common in Breast Milk From Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Women in Zambia

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (5) ◽  
pp. 792-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás M Suárez ◽  
Kunda G Musonda ◽  
Eric Escriva ◽  
Margaret Njenga ◽  
Anthony Agbueze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Strain Diversity ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Background In developed countries, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major pathogen in congenitally infected and immunocompromised individuals, where multiple-strain infection appears linked to disease severity. The situation is less documented in developing countries. In Zambia, breast milk is a key route for transmitting HCMV and carries higher viral loads in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected women. We investigated HCMV strain diversity. Methods High-throughput sequence datasets were generated from 28 HCMV-positive breast milk samples donated by 22 mothers (15 HIV-infected and 7 HIV-negative) at 4–16 weeks postpartum, then analyzed by genome assembly and novel motif-based genotyping in 12 hypervariable HCMV genes. Results Among the 20 samples from 14 donors (13 HIV-infected and one HIV-negative) who yielded data meeting quality thresholds, 89 of the possible 109 genotypes were detected, and multiple-strain infections involving up to 5 strains per person were apparent in 9 HIV-infected women. Strain diversity was extensive among individuals but conserved compartmentally and longitudinally within them. Genotypic linkage was maintained within hypervariable UL73/UL74 and RL12/RL13/UL1 loci for virus entry and immunomodulation, but not between genes more distant from each other. Conclusions Breast milk from HIV-infected women contains multiple HCMV strains of high genotypic complexity and thus constitutes a major source for transmitting viral diversity.

scholarly journals Cervical Cytopathology in a Population of HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Women

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Abreu Pinheiro de Lemos ◽  
Marco Túlio Antonio García-Zapata ◽  
Suelene Brito do Nascimento Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Abnormal Cervical Cytology ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Hiv Negative

The association between abnormal cervical cytology and HIV infection status in women was evaluated to correlate with CD4 cell count and viral load in HIV-positive patients with the presence of low-grade (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). Cervical samples were collected at the Tropical Disease Hospital, Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital and at theNascer CidadãoMaternity Hospital in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. An Ayre’s spatula was used to collect samples from the ectocervix and a cytology brush to collect samples from the endocervix. Of a total of 237 women, 125 were HIV positive and 112 were HIV negative. Abnormal cytology (; 8.9%) was more common in the HIV positive group (; 12.1%) compared to the HIV-negative group (; 5.4%) (). Cytological abnormalities were not found to be associated with immunosuppression, defined as CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3. A higher frequency was found between higher viral loads (>10,000/mm3) and the presence of abnormal cytology. Pregnant women, irrespective of whether they were HIV positive or negative, were less likely to have lesions compared to the nonpregnant women in the same groups. The higher frequency of abnormal findings in Papanicolaou cytology in HIV-positive women with higher viral loads suggests the association between preinvasive cervical lesions and human immunodeficiency.

Incidence of Cytological Abnormalities in Pap's Smear in HIV Positive Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. e000136
Author(s):  
Suhana Jotva ◽  
Hemani Desai ◽  
Hansa Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions ◽  
Squamous Cells ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Cytological Abnormalities ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesions ◽  
Hiv Negative

Aims and Objectives: The aim of present study is to estimate the frequency of abnormal PAP’s smears and mainly to detect precancerous and cancerous lesions as well as inflammatory lesions in HIV infected women. Methodology: Our study was a retrospective study of total 130 cases and PAP’s smears were examined in cytology section in Department of Pathology, BJ Medical College, Ahmedabad from 1st March 2017 to 31st August 2017. Both HIV positive and HIV negative patients were included in the study. 80 patients were HIV negative and 50 patients were HIV positive. The clinical history and relevant parameters were noted. All the smears were processed by a conventional method using Papanicolaou stain.  Results: Out of 130 cases, 118 cases were reported negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy (NILM). Five cases were positive for squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) out of which four were HIV positive. Seven cases were of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) out of which 5 were HIV positive. Three cases were showing bacterial vaginosis. 1 case was showing Trichomonas Vaginalis. 19 cases were showing changes of non-specific inflammation. 6 cases were showing atrophic changes.  Conclusion: HIV infected women are at more risk to develop cervical cytological abnormalities. The study revealed a maximum number of non-specific inflammatory smears followed by smears showing atrophic changes. Smears suspicious for malignancy (ASCUS) and smears showing squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) were more common in HIV positive patients. Thus regular PAP’s smears screening as recommended by National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) will help in early detection of cervical abnormalities in HIV positive women. 

Distribution of Human Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein H Genotypes in Different Samples from Chinese Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Lu-Yan Chen ◽  
Ran Tao ◽  
Shi-Qiang Shang
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Throat Swab ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Predominant Genotype ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Glycoprotein H

Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate characteristics of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein H (gH) genotypes in urine, throat swab, and serum from children and breast milk from children's mothers. Methods Fresh urine samples, throat swabs, or serum samples from children and breast milk samples from children's mothers were collected for HCMV DNA detection. The positive samples of HCMV DNA were further detected by fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with gH typing. Results Of 1,703 HCMV DNA-positive samples, the highest proportion (83.3%, 85/102) of children aged between 21 days and 3 months was detected positive in breast milk samples (p = 0.002), and the highest proportion (70.5%, 110/156) of children aged above 3 months was detected positive in throat swab samples (p = 0.002). HCMV in throat swab specimens is mainly high copy (p < 0.0001), and low-copy HCMV is prevalent in breast specimens (p < 0.0001). Among them, 1,059 samples were identified as gH1 genotype, 530 samples were gH2, and 114 samples were coinfection (gH1/2). There had the highest gH2 rates (32.3%) and lowest gH1 (61.0%) rates in urine samples (p = 0.041), whereas the highest gH1 rates (71.6%) and lowest gH2 rates (19.6%) were found in breast milk samples (p = 0.032). Concerning age groups, patients aged between 21 days and 3 months had the highest gH1 proportion (p = 0.017), while patients aged above 3 months had the highest gH1 and gH2 HCMV coinfection proportion (p = 0.002). Among 43 pairs of maternal and child samples corresponding to positive samples, gH genotype of 35 pairs of samples was consistent with a rate of 81.4%. Conclusion gH1 is the predominant genotype of HCMV in each kind of sample in China. However, the distribution of the HCMV gH genotype is different among different samples.

scholarly journals Persistent Low-Risk and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infections of the Uterine Cervix in HIV-Negative and HIV-Positive Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally N. Adebamowo ◽  
Oluwatoyosi Olawande ◽  
Ayotunde Famooto ◽  
Eileen O. Dareng ◽  
Richard Offiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Papillomavirus Infections ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Hiv Negative

scholarly journals Human papillomavirus prevalence, genomic diversity and related risk factors in HIV-positive women from a countryside city in the state of Rio de Janeiro

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Charbell Miguel Haddad Kury ◽  
Katia Cristina Da Silva Santos ◽  
Fernanda Nahoum Carestiato ◽  
Gabriela Rapozo ◽  
Cinthia Guimaraes Leandro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
The State ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Related Risk

scholarly journals Human papillomavirus type-specific risk of cervical cancer in a population with high human immunodeficiency virus prevalence: case–control study

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 2784-2791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pontus Naucler ◽  
Flora Mabota da Costa ◽  
Joao Leopoldo da Costa ◽  
Otto Ljungberg ◽  
Antonio Bugalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
Cervical Cancer Risk ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Negative

There are limited data on human papillomavirus (HPV) type-specific cervical cancer risk among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women. Previous studies have suggested that HPV 16 would be relatively less important as a causative agent among HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative women. This study investigates HPV type-specific cervical cancer risk in a population in which HIV is endemic. At the Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique, 221 cervical cancer cases and 203 hospital-based controls were consecutively enrolled. HPV typing from cervical samples, HIV testing and recording of socio-demographic factors were performed. Logistic regression modelling was used to assess HPV type-specific risk and effect modification between HIV and HPV infection. Infection with HPV 16, 18 and ‘high-risk non-HPV 16/18 types’ (HPV 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58 and 59) was associated with cervical cancer in both crude and adjusted analyses. HPV 16 and 18 were the most common types detected in cancer biopsies among both HIV-negative and HIV-positive women. There was no significant evidence of effect modification between any HPV type and HIV infection, and there were no significant differences in the HPV type-specific prevalence when cervical cancers among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women were compared. Within the limitations of the study, the relative importance of different HPV types in cervical carcinogenesis appears not to be modified greatly by HIV infection, suggesting that HPV vaccines might not need to be type-specifically modified to be suitable for populations where HIV is endemic.

scholarly journals Human polyomaviruses 6, 7, 9, 10 and Trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus in HIV-infected men

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 928-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Wieland ◽  
Steffi Silling ◽  
Martin Hellmich ◽  
Anja Potthoff ◽  
Herbert Pfister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Human Polyomaviruses ◽  
Hiv Negative

Recently, several novel human polyomaviruses (HPyVs) have been detected. HPyV6, 7, 9 and 10 are not associated with any disease so far. Trichodysplasia spinulosa (TS)-associated polyomavirus (TSPyV) can cause the rare skin disease TS. We have evaluated cutaneous DNA prevalence and viral loads of five HPyVs in HIV-infected men compared to healthy male controls. 449 forehead swabs were analysed by HPyV-specific real-time PCR. HPyV6, HPyV7, TSPyV and HPyV10 were found significantly more frequently on the skin of 210 HIV-infected compared to 239 HIV-negative men (HPyV6, 39.0 vs 27.6 %; HPyV7, 21.0 vs 13.4 %; TSPyV, 3.8 vs 0.8 %; HPyV10, 9.3 vs 3.4 %; P<0.05, respectively). HPyV9 was not detected. Multiple infections were more frequent in HIV-positive men, but HPyV-DNA loads did not differ significantly in both groups. In contrast to HPyV6, 7 and 10, TSPyV and HPyV9 do not seem to be a regular part of the human skin microbiome.

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