Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces increased epidermal green autofluorescence of mouse

AbstractOur recent studies have suggested that characteristic ‘Pattern of Autofluorescence (AF)’ of each disease could be a novel biomarker for non-invasive diagnosis of multiple major diseases such as acute ischemic stroke. It is necessary to determine if increased epidermal green AF may be produced by major pathological factors such as inflammation. In our current study, we used C57BL/6Slac mice exposed to LPS to test our hypothesis that inflammation may induce increased epidermal green AF: LPS rapidly induced significant increases in the epidermal green AF of the mice’s ears at 1 hr after LPS injection. LPS also dose-dependently increased the epidermal green AF. The AF intensity had a linear relationship with the LPS dosages at both 3 and 7 days after the LPS administration. The AF images exhibited the characteristic structure of the keratinocytes in Stratum Spinosum, suggesting that the origin of the increased AF was keratin 1 and/or keratin 10. Collectively, our current study has provided the first evidence indicating that inflammation can rapidly and dose-dependently induce increased epidermal green AF, suggesting that the green AF may be the first biomarker for non-invasive and rapid detection of systemic inflammation. Since inflammation is a key pathological factor of numerous diseases, our finding has highlighted the value of the epidermal AF as a novel diagnostic biomarker for numerous diseases.

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Non invasive detection of hypoperfusion and deoxygenation by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in acute ischemic stroke

Klinische Neurophysiologie ◽

10.1055/s-2006-939302 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 37 (01) ◽

Author(s):

C Terborg ◽

K Gröschel ◽

OW Witte ◽

A Kastrup

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽

Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Non Invasive

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Non-contrast head CT alone for thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke: analysis of the ANGEL-ACT registry

Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery ◽

10.1136/neurintsurg-2021-017940 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. neurintsurg-2021-017940

Author(s):

Zeguang Ren ◽

Gaoting Ma ◽

Maxim Mokin ◽

Ashutosh P Jadhav ◽

Baixue Jia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Primary Outcome ◽

Ct Perfusion ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Vessel Imaging ◽

Baseline Characteristics ◽

Procedural Outcomes ◽

Head Computed Tomography

BackgroudThe goal of this study was to determine if the choice of imaging paradigm performed in the emergency department influences the procedural or clinical outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy (MT).MethodsThis is a retrospective comparative outcome study which was conducted from the ANGEL-ACT registry. Comparisons were made between baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing MT with non-contrast head computed tomography (NCHCT) alone versus patients undergoing NCHCT plus non-invasive vessel imaging (NVI) (including CT angiography (with or without CT perfusion) and magnetic resonance angiography). The primary outcome was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 90 days. Secondary outcomes included change in mRS score from baseline to 90 days, the proportions of mRS 0–1, 0–2, and 0–3, and dramatic clinical improvement at 24 hours. The safety outcomes were any intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), symptomatic ICH, and mortality within 90 days.ResultsA total of 894 patients met the inclusion criteria; 476 (53%) underwent NCHCT alone and 418 (47%) underwent NCHCT + NVI. In the NCHCT alone group, the door-to-reperfusion time was shorter by 47 min compared with the NCHCT + NVI group (219 vs 266 min, P<0.001). Patients in the NCHCT alone group showed a smaller increase in baseline mRS score at 90 days (median 3 vs 2 points; P=0.004) after adjustment. There were no significant differences between groups in the remaining clinical outcomes.ConclusionsIn patients selected for MT using NCHCT alone versus NCHCT + NVI, there were improved procedural outcomes and smaller increases in baseline mRS scores at 90 days.

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Abstract W MP20: Automation and Quantification of the Angiographic Capillary Blush in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke undergoing Endovascular Intervention

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.46.suppl_1.wmp20 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 46 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Jason Tarpley ◽

Fabien Scalzo ◽

Jeffry R Alger ◽

Amin Aghaebrahim ◽

Conrad Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽

Cerebral Blood Volume ◽

Spatial Information ◽

Endovascular Intervention ◽

Ordinal Scale ◽

Conventional Angiography ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Angiography Suite ◽

Scale Properties

Background: In acute ischemic stroke, non-invasive perfusion imaging can guide the decision to perform endovascular intervention. A subset of these patients who are ineligible for IV TPA or for whom it has failed may benefit by going directly to endovascular intervention without delays imposed by non-invasive imaging. In these patients, an angiographic biomarker of viable brain tissue such as the capillary blush described by the Capillary Index Score (CIS) will be important for decision making in the angiography suite. Indeed, a favorable CIS score is associated with good outcomes when recanalization is achieved. However, any ordinal angiographic scale is observer dependent and limited by scale properties. Methods: Here we used our novel perfusion angiography software (PerfAngio) to extract cerebral blood volume (CBV) maps from conventional angiograms acquired during endovascular intervention at either UPMC or UCLA. Areas of angiographic blush were selected manually from a subset of the angiograms. These blush areas trained a machine learning model to identify features of angiographic blush from CBV maps to produce blush maps. Results: In the figure, we show PerfAngio’s blush map in a patient with acute proximal MCA occlusion prior to endovascular recanalization. At each pixel cool colors represent low likelihood of capillary blush and hotter colors represent higher likelihood of blush. These color maps allow for spatial characterization of the blush and quantifies it as a continuous variable rather than according to an ordinal scale. Conclusions: PerfAngio blush maps allow for automation and quantification of the blush seen during conventional angiography. These maps render data that does not depend on observer interpretation and provide spatial information about the capillary blush that is not captured by the CIS. Since PerfAngio blush maps can be acquired in real time, they are amenable for use in the angiography suite to inform the decision to recanalize or not.

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The distribution indices of erythrocytes: which one for acute ischemic stroke?

Turkish Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1515/tjb-2019-0103 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 65-75

Author(s):

Nahide Ekici Günay ◽

Nurullah Günay

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽

Linear Relationship ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Prognostic Significance ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Reference Intervals ◽

Stroke Severity ◽

Severity Scores ◽

Poor Outcomes

Abstract Background The erythrocytes distribution indices are reported from same histogram but they have different reference intervals and calculated by distinct measurements. Objectives To explore whether the RDW-CV and RDW-SD values may predictive and prognostic significance in ischemic stroke patients and to clarify the relation each of these indices with stroke severity and 3-months survival. Materials and methods Cumulative survival rates were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method, and life curves were compared to RDW-CV, RDW-SD quartiles. The risk factors were described with a multivariable cox proportional hazard model. Results In acute ischemic stroke, RDW-CV was more specific and RDW-SD was more sensitive (92% vs. 80%) (52% vs. 48%). RDW-CV values higher than 14.7% are associated with 11-fold increase in the risk of stroke; and the level of RDW-CV does show a linear relationship with the severity of stroke. However, when we evaluated RDW-SD, higher 43.55 fL RDW-SD values was have 16-fold increase in severity of stroke and have a relatively high linear relationship with stroke severity scores to RDW-CV. Conclusions RDW-CV and RDW-SD levels have different prognostic poor outcomes for interpreting in ischemic stroke events approach and these should be used alone and comparatively with the AIS predictive and prognostic approach.

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Brain Natriuretic Peptide is a Predictor of Cardiac Thrombus in Critically Ill Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2020.4441 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (B) ◽

pp. 119-124

Author(s):

Hossam A. Mowafy ◽

Hossam El Sherif ◽

Khaled A. Wahab ◽

Nora I. Abbas ◽

Gihan El Hilaly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Brain Natriuretic Peptide ◽

Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽

Natriuretic Peptide ◽

Significant Positive Correlation ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

International Normalized Ratio ◽

Diagnostic Biomarker ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Cardiac Thrombus

CONTEXT: Plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels are elevated in patients with acute ischemic stroke, particularly when accompanied by atrial fibrillation (AF). Plasma BNP might be a useful marker of vulnerability to thromboembolism in non-valvular AF patients. AIM: The aim of the present study was to assess whether the BNP level can serve as a biomarker of the left atrial (LA) thrombus in AF patients with acute ischemic stroke. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This was a multicenter prospective cohort study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty AF patients with acute ischemic stroke were included in the study. Their transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and BNP were assessed. RESULTS: There was a positive significant relation between serum BNP levels and LA thrombus detection by TEE. BNP with a cutoff value >498 pg/l can be used as a diagnostic biomarker for the presence of the LA thrombus. A significant positive correlation existed between serum BNP and LA diameter. Furthermore, a statistically significant positive correlation between serum BNP and AF rate and duration was found in all patients. In addition, a statistically significant inverse correlation was detected between serum BNP and direct bilirubin, international normalized ratio, and albumin. A statistically significant positive correlation existed between serum BNP and prothrombin concentration. CONCLUSION: BNP can be a good diagnostic biomarker for the detection of the LA thrombus in chronic AF patients with acute ischemic stroke.

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