characteristic structure
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Author(s):  
Shigeru Koda ◽  
Yuichi Takabayashi ◽  
Tatsuo Kaneyasu ◽  
Yoshitaka Iwasaki

Abstract The intensification effect of edge radiation due to the periodic alignment of three-pole wigglers was analytically and numerically investigated. The radiation properties were studied using a simple model that had an alternating alignment of straight sections and large gradient orbit sections due to the use of three-pole wigglers. The angular distribution of the radiation was concentrated on a concentric circle. The peak intensity of the radiation was roughly on the same order as that of the peak radiation of a planar undulator. The spectrum of the radiation had a characteristic structure that was rather similar to the higher harmonic structure of undulator radiation. A numerical study showed that a planar undulator with a specific K value satisfies approximately the radiation intensification condition due to the periodic alignment of the three-pole wigglers. The intensified edge radiation is included in the undulator radiation.


Ekonomia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-61
Author(s):  
Mahmut Zeki Akarsu

Policymakers and economists consistently implement monetary and fiscal policy to control economic growth, inflation, and unemployment due to the fact that these three factors directly influence people’s living standards. Every country has a different economic characteristic structure. Economic growth and inflation have a strong correlation in some countries, while other countries have a strong correlation between economic growth and unemployment. Therefore, investigating the causal relationship among economic factors can provide us with a better understanding of how economic phenomena affect each other. In South Korea, economic growth, inflation, unemployment have been in balance since the 1998 Korean economic crisis. Hence, investigating the economic growth, inflation, and unemployment of South Korea will enlighten how these three economic indicators affect each other in a country that developed rapidly and had several economic crises. To investigate such a model, the Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR) is used with the data between the years 1980 and 2019 in order to verify whether Okun’s law or/and the Philips curve hold in South Korea. The research also determines if there is either a bi-directional or uni-directional relationship if economic growth, inflation, and unemployment have a causal relationship. The research demonstrates that GDP is the main factor in South Korea that influences the other economic factors. This research paper can contribute to academia, since it has a vital outcome which shows that the mobility of the unemployment rate in South Korea is directly correlated to the movement of GDP.


Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Naixu Liu ◽  
Qingguo Tang ◽  
Bin Huang ◽  
Yaping Wang

Graphene is a unique attractive material owing to its characteristic structure and excellent properties. To improve the preparation efficiency of graphene, reduce defects and costs, and meet the growing market demand, it is crucial to explore the improved and innovative production methods and process for graphene. This review summarizes recent advanced graphene synthesis methods including “bottom-up” and “top-down” processes, and their influence on the structure, cost, and preparation efficiency of graphene, as well as its peeling mechanism. The viability and practicality of preparing graphene using polymers peeling flake graphite or graphite filling polymer was discussed. Based on the comparative study, it is potential to mass produce graphene with large size and high quality using the viscoelasticity of polymers and their affinity to the graphite surface.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Zhuravleva

The resistance of the IC to all kinds of radiation is established by various types of integrated circuits with a characteristic structure, the criteria of which are allowed to record single or multiple transformations. The article considers that a significant influence on the suitability of microcircuits in the situation of exposure to ionizing radiation is manifested not by spatial phenomena in silicon, but by surface effects related to the silicon-dielectric distribution line.


Author(s):  
Wei Feng ◽  
Lupei Qin ◽  
Xinqi Li

Abstract Based on the many-particle-number-state treatment for transport through a pair of Majorana zero modes (MZMs) which are coupled to the leads via two quantum dots, we identify that the reason for zero cross correlation of currents at uncoupling limit between the MZMs is from a degeneracy of the teleportation and the Andreev process channels. We then propose a scheme to eliminate the degeneracy by introducing finite charging energy on the Majorana island which allows for coexistence of the two channels. We find nonzero cross correlation established even in the Majorana uncoupling limit (and also in the small charging energy limit), which demonstrates well the teleportation or nonlocal nature of the MZMs. More specifically, the characteristic structure of coherent peaks in the power spectrum of the cross correlation is analyzed to identify the nonlocal and coherent coupling mechanism between the MZMs and the quantum dots. We also display the behaviors of peak shift with variation of the Majorana coupling energy, which can be realized by modulating parameters such as the magnetic field.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchuan Cheng ◽  
Zihui Zhao ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Letian Hua ◽  
Aihua Sun ◽  
...  

Electrorheological (ER) fluids are a type of smart material with adjustable rheological properties. Generally, the high yield stress (>100 kPa) requires high electric field strength (>4 kV/mm). Herein, the TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized via the sol–gel method. Interestingly, the ER fluid-based TiO2 nanoparticles give superior high yield stress of 144.0 kPa at only 2.5 kV/mm. By exploring the characteristic structure and dielectric property of TiO2 nanoparticles and ER fluid, the surface polar molecules on samples were assumed to play a crucial role for their giant electrorheological effect, while interfacial polarization was assumed to be dominated and induces large yield stress at the low electric field, which gives the advantage in low power consumption, sufficient shear stress, low leaking current, and security.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 702-709
Author(s):  
A. Khorolskyi ◽  
V. Yevstafieva ◽  
S. Kravchenko ◽  
M. Pishchalenko ◽  
Y. Vakulenko ◽  
...  

Passalurus ambiguus (Nematoda, Oxyuroidae) is one of the most common parasites of digestive tract of domestic and wild rabbits and rodents. Passalurus spp. are cosmopolitan, and the mature nematodes are localized in the appendages and large intestine of animals. The passaluariasis infections remain quite relevant in modern rabbit breeding, because the disease is highly contagious, with the possibility of unlimited spread inducing significant economic losses. The aim of the study was to determine the identifying morphological species characteristics of P. ambiguus nematodes, which were isolated from the colon of domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus). The identifying characters of Passalurus include morphological features, namely the presence of a spherical bulb in the esophagus, and the presence of three teeth in the oral capsule. Males of P. ambiguus have a characteristic structure of the tail end, namely the presence of papillary protrusions and a massive narrowed part with a spicule handle, and five papillae around the cloaca. Twenty-eight metric indicators are proposed that characterize the size of the body, oral capsule, esophagus in different parts of it, the tail end, spicules, the location of the cloaca. Two different morphotypes of mature females of P. ambiguus were revealed – short-tailed and long-tailed, which were larger by 19 indicators (by 3.2–43.6%). The morphotypes of P. ambiguus females are characterized; the length of the tail, body length and width in different areas, depth of the oral capsule, esophageal size and its structural elements, the location of the vulva and nerve ring, the width of the caudal process. At the same time, the parameters of esophageal bulb length and caudal process in short-tailed females were higher (by 13.9% and 11.9%, respectively) than in the long-tailed females. A total of 25 morphometric parameters were proposed for the identification of P. ambiguus females. The obtained data indicate the feasibility of further research on the causes of occurrence of such morphotypes in P. ambiguus females and the need to take into account the existence of such forms of females for their differential diagnosis taking into account their proposed morphometric parameters.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Miopap Samvel Asatryan

Today, the changes of the education system conditioned by the new strategy of education are aimed not only at the modernization of the content and methodological tools of education but also at the reconstruction of the whole characteristic /structure/ of the subject implementing those changes. In this article, we have tried to present pedagogical facilitation in the context of modern education, the requirements for a pedagogue who has mastered the technology of facilitation, the content of the pedagogue-facilitator activity, and the research carried out in two stages reveals how the image of the facilitator-teacher is perceived in the students' consciousness. The quantitative and qualitative features of the facilitator-pedagogues were given.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiquan WANG ◽  
Shixuan LI ◽  
Kangguo WANG ◽  
Xi WANG ◽  
Hailin ZHANG ◽  
...  

Abstract In this study, 3MgO-B2O3-xwt%BCB-ywt%H3BO3 (2 ≤ x ≤ 8, 0 ≤ y ≤ 20) ceramics were sintered at the optimum temperature to form Mg3B2O6 and MgO phases. The effects of H3BO3 and BCB on product characteristics, phase transition, microstructure, and microwave properties of 3Mg-B2O3 ceramics were investigated. The intensities of diffraction peaks of two phases varied with changing the x and y values. After sintering at 950 °C, the ceramics with x = 6 and y = 15 achieved excellent microwave properties with a εr of 6.72, Q × f of 83205 GHz, and τf of −65.05 ppm/℃. Besides, the ceramic with x = 8 and y = 5 sintered at 925 ℃ also achieved good microwave dielectric properties with a εr of 6.64, Q × f of 78173 GHz, and τf of −57.27 ppm/℃. The sintering temperatures of above both ceramics are well lower than the melting point of Ag, showing promising applications in low temperature cofired ceramic devices. In particular, these two ceramics can be used as potential candidate materials for microwave ceramics for 5G technology, provided that τf can be further optimized.


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