scholarly journals Characteristics of executive control network function based on a lateralized version of the ANT-R test in athletes from open skill sports: An fNIRS study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Yu ◽  
Yi B. Liu ◽  
Guang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Executive Control Network ◽  
Network Function ◽  
Frontoparietal Network ◽  
The Right ◽  
Flanker Interference

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to investigate the executive control network function characteristics of interceptive and strategic sports athletes from open skill sports. In order to do so, we used a revised lateralized attention network task to measure executive control efficiency and activation related to flanker interference changes on the right frontoparietal network using functional near-infrared spectroscopy in athletes from different sport sub-categories. Strategic athletes had higher accuracy and lower flanker conflict effects on accuracy, as well as longer reaction time and stronger conflict effects under the valid cue and invalid cue conditions. This was accompanied by higher activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus. These results extend the evidence suggesting that differences among interceptive sports and strategic sports athletes are due to the former using higher velocities to solve conflicts, and the latter using higher accuracy in the same tasks. These effects are attributed to differences in the right frontoparietal network.

Group independent component analysis reveals alternation of right executive control network in Internet gaming disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 300-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingxiao Wang ◽  
Yifen Zhang ◽  
Xiao Lin ◽  
Hongli Zhou ◽  
Xiaoxia Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Independent Component Analysis ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Executive Control Network ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group Independent Component Analysis

ObjectivePrevious studies have demonstrated that individuals with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) showed attentional bias toward gaming-related cues and exhibited impaired executive functions. The purpose of this study was to explore the alternations in related functional brain networks underlying attentional bias in IGD subjects.MethodsEighteen IGD subjects and 19 healthy controls (HC) were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging while they were performing an addiction Stroop task. Networks of functional connectivity were identified using group independent component analysis (ICA).ResultsICA identified 4 functional networks that showed differences between the 2 groups, which were related to the right executive control network and visual related networks in our study. Within the right executive control network, in contrast to controls, IGD subjects showed increased functional connectivity in the temporal gyrus and frontal gyrus, and reduced functional connectivity in the posterior cingulate cortex, temporal gyrus, and frontal gyrus.ConclusionThese findings suggest that IGD is related to abnormal functional connectivity of the right executive control network, and may be described as addiction-related abnormally increased cognitive control processing and diminished response inhibition during an addiction Stroop task. The results suggest that IGD subjects show increased susceptibility towards gaming-related cues but weakened strength of inhibitory control.

Functional segregation of executive control network and frontoparietal network in Alzheimer's disease

Cortex ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 36-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinghua Zhao ◽  
Xiaoshuang Sang ◽  
Hichem Metmer ◽  
Zar nawab N.K. Swati ◽  
Jianfeng Lu
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Executive Control Network ◽  
Frontoparietal Network

scholarly journals Frequency-Specific Regional Homogeneity Alterations in Tourette Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Ting Lou ◽  
Xiao-Long Li ◽  
Ye Wang ◽  
Gong-Jun Ji ◽  
Yu-Feng Zang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Regional Homogeneity ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Executive Control Network ◽  
Superior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
The Right ◽  
Local Synchronization

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a developmental neuropsychiatric disorder with onset during childhood. Because of its complex spectrum of phenotypes, the underlying pathophysiology of TS is still unclear. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated aberrant spontaneous neural synchronization in conventional frequency band (0.01–0.08 Hz) in TS. No published studies have reported abnormalities of local synchronization across different frequency bands. We estimated the alterations of local synchronization across five bands ranging from 0 to 0.25 Hz. Seventy-nine children with TS and 63 age-, sex-, and handedness-matched healthy children were recruited. Frequency-specific regional homogeneity (ReHo) and independent component analysis were used to identify functional alterations between TS and healthy children. TS patients showed significantly increased ReHo in the left precentral gyrus and decreased ReHo in the right operculum. Abnormal ReHo alterations of the superior frontal gyrus, superior parietal gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus, putamen, superior temporal gyrus, and operculum were observed in different frequency bands. TS patients showed increased connectivity of the right superior frontal gyrus within the left executive control network. In addition, a significantly negative correlation was found between Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) vocal score and ReHo values of the right operculum in the highest frequency bands (0.198–0.25 Hz), while a significant positive correlation was found between YGTSS motor score and altered connectivity of the right superior frontal gyrus. The present study revealed frequency-specific abnormal alterations of ReHo in the whole brain and altered connectivity within the executive control network of TS children. Its neural importance and clinical practicability require further investigation.

scholarly journals Trait Rumination and Social Anxiety Separately Predict Stress Induced Rumination and Hemodynamic Responses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik Laicher ◽  
Isabell Int-Veen ◽  
Florian Torka ◽  
Agnes Kroczek ◽  
Isabel Bihlmaier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Behavioral Level ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
The Right

Abstract We aimed to investigate the stress-reactive rumination response to social stress and its association with social anxiety and trait rumination. From previous investigations we know that people with a certain vulnerability to rumination show increased stress-reactive rumination. However, up to date the possible influence of social anxiety to this relationship is still unclear. Therefore, we reanalyzed the data of two of our previous studies assessing healthy low and high trait ruminators and depressed patients performing the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). We measured cortical oxygenation using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) as well as different behavioral outcome measures (subjective stress levels, negative affect, state rumination). On a behavioral level, we found an influence of both, social anxiety and trait rumination, on state rumination, even when correcting for the other factor, respectively, implying two potentially independent factors of influence. On a neural level, we observed reduced activation in socially anxious subjects in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), as well as time-dependent changes in the left IFG and in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Results indicate a specific role of social anxiety, at least on a behavioral level, and therefore implicate a crucial factor to be considered in the treatment of depression.

scholarly journals Disrupted dynamic network reconfiguration of the executive and reward networks in internet gaming disorder: Why IGD subjects cannot control their gaming cravings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Wang ◽  
Hui Zheng ◽  
Weiran Zhou ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Lingxiao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Executive Control Network ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
The Right ◽  
Male Subjects

AbstractBackgroundStudies have shown that people with internet gaming disorder (IGD) show impaired executive control over their gaming cravings; however, the neural mechanisms underlying this process remain unknown. In addition, these conclusions were based on the hypothesis that brain networks were temporally stationary and neglected changes in cognitive processes.MethodsResting-state fMRI data were collected from 402 subjects (162 subjects with IGD and 240 recreational game users (RGUs)). The community structure (recruitment and integration) of the executive control network and the basal ganglia network (BGN, representing the reward network) of patients with IGD and healthy controls were analyzed and compared. Mediation effects were analyzed among the different networks.ResultsWhen compared to RGUs, subjects with IGD had a lower recruitment coefficient within the right executive control network (ECN). Further analysis showed that only male subjects had a lower recruitment coefficient. Mediation analysis showed that the integration coefficient of the right ECN mediated the relationship between the recruitment coefficients of both the right ECN and the BGN in RGUs.ConclusionsSubjects with IGD had a lower recruitment coefficient than RGUs, and this feature was only observed in male subjects, making them less efficient at impulse control. The meditation results suggest a top-down control mechanism of the ECN is missing in subjects with IGD. All of these findings could explain why subjects with IGD have impaired executive control over their gaming cravings.

scholarly journals Interbrain Synchrony of Team Collaborative Decision-Making: An fNIRS Hyperscanning Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingming Zhang ◽  
Huibin Jia ◽  
Guanghai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Collaborative Decision Making ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
The Right ◽  
Collaborative Decision

In many situations, decision-making behaviors are mostly composed of team patterns (i.e., more than two persons). However, brain-based models that inform how team interactions contribute and impact team collaborative decision-making (TCDM) behavior, is lacking. To examine the neural substrates activated during TCDM in realistic, interpersonal interaction contexts, dyads were asked to model TCDM toward their opponent, in a multi-person prisoner’s dilemma game, while neural activity was measured using functional near infrared spectroscopy. These experiments resulted in two main findings. First, there are different neural substrates between TCDM and ISDM, which were modulated by social environmental cues. i.e., the low incentive reward yielded higher activation within the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), in individual separately decision-making (ISDM) stage while the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the middle frontopolar area was activated in TCDM stage. The high incentive reward evoked a higher interbrain synchrony (IBS) value in the right IFG in TCDM stage. Second, males showed higher activation in the DLPFC and the middle frontopolar area during ISDM, while females evoked higher IBS in the right IFG during TCDM. These sex effects suggest that in individual social dilemma situations, males and females may separately depend on non-social and social cognitive ability to make decisions, while in the social interaction situations of TCDM, females may depend on both social and non-social cognitive abilities. This study provide a compelling basis and interesting perspective for future neuroscience work of TCDM behaviors.

scholarly journals Functional Integrity of Executive Control Network Contributed to Retained Executive Abilities in Mild Cognitive Impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Liu ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Xinxin Cheng ◽  
Honglin Ge ◽  
Guanjie Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Cerebellar Vermis ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Executive Control Network ◽  
Regional Brain ◽  
The Right

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered to be a transitional state between normal aging and Alzheimer's dementia (AD). Recent studies have indicated that executive function (EF) declines during MCI. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated the neural basis of EF deficits in MCI. Herein, we investigate the changes of regional brain spontaneous activity and functional connectivity (FC) of the executive control network (ECN) between high EF and low EF groups.Methods: According to EF composite score (ADNI-EF) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), we divided MCI into two groups, including the MCI-highEF group and MCI-lowEF group. Resting-state functional MRI was utilized to investigate the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and ECN functional connectivity across 23 healthy controls (HC), 11 MCI-highEF, and 14 MCI-lowEF participants. Moreover, a partial correlation analysis was carried out to examine the relationship between altered fALFF or connectivity of the ECN and the ADNI-EF.Results: Compared to HC, the MCI-highEF participants demonstrated increased fALFF in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG), as well as decreased fALFF in the right precentral gyrus, right postcentral gyrus, and left middle frontal gyrus (MFG). The MCI-lowEF participants demonstrated increased fALFF in the cerebellar vermis and decreased fALFF in the left MFG. Additionally, compared to HC, the MCI-highEF participants indicated no significant difference in connectivity of the ECN. Furthermore, the MCI-lowEF participants showed increased ECN FC in the left cuneus and left MFG, as well as decreased ECN functional connectivity in the right parahippocampal gyrus (PHG). Notably, the altered fALFF in the left MFG was positively correlated to ADNI-EF, while the altered fALFF in cerebellar vermis is negatively correlated with ADNI-EF across the two MCI groups and the HC group. Altered ECN functional connectivity in the right PHG is negatively correlated to ADNI-EF, while altered ECN functional connectivity in the left cuneus is negatively correlated to ADNI-EF across the three groups.Conclusions: Our current study demonstrates the presence of different patterns of regional brain spontaneous activity and ECN FC in the MCI-highEF group and MCI-lowEF group. Furthermore, the ECN FC of the MCI-highEF group was not disrupted, which may contribute to retained EF in MCI.

scholarly journals Fatigue in Gulf War Illness is associated with tonically high activation in the executive control network

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 101641 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.R. Wylie ◽  
H. Genova ◽  
E. Dobryakova ◽  
J. DeLuca ◽  
N. Chiaravalloti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Gulf War ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Gulf War Illness ◽  
High Activation ◽  
Executive Control Network

The neural correlates of inhibitory control in 10-month-old infants: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Fiske ◽  
Carina de Klerk ◽  
Katie Y. K. Lui ◽  
Liam H Collins-Jones ◽  
Alexandra Hendry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Inhibition Performance ◽  
The Right

Inhibitory control, a core executive function, emerges in infancy and develops rapidly across childhood. Methodological limitations have meant that studies investigating the neural correlates underlying inhibitory control in infancy are rare. Employing functional near-infrared spectroscopy alongside a novel touchscreen task that measures response inhibition, this study aimed to uncover the neural underpinnings of inhibitory control in 10-month-old infants (N = 135). We found that when inhibition is required, the right prefrontal and parietal cortices were more activated than when there is no inhibitory demand. Further, activation in right prefrontal areas was associated with individual differences in response inhibition performance. This demonstrates that inhibitory control in infants as young as 10 months of age is supported by similar brain areas as in older children and adults. With this study we have lowered the age-boundary for localising the neural substrates of response inhibition to the first year of life.

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