scholarly journals The successful invasion of the European earwig across North America reflects adaptations to thermal regimes but not mean temperatures

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Tourneur ◽  
Joël Meunier
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
North America ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Forficula Auricularia ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Thermal Regimes ◽  
European Earwig

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the mechanisms by which an introduced species adapt to newly encountered habitats is a major question in ecology. A key method to address this question is to collect data on introduced species that have successfully invaded a broad diversity of novel environments, and analyze how their life-history traits changed with these new constraints. Here, we present and analyze such a unique data set in the European earwig Forficula auricularia L, an insect that invaded North America during the last century. We conducted a common garden experiment, in which we measured 13 life-history traits in 4158 individuals from 19 populations across North America. Our results demonstrate that the successful invasion of this species came with changes in 10 of their life-history traits in response to thermal regimes (winter-summer and autumn-spring temperatures), but with no change in response to the overall mean temperatures of the invaded locations. Importantly, we show that some of these changes are by-products of novel thermal regimes, whereas others reflect adaptive strategies of females to these constraints. Overall, our findings reveal the importance of thermal regimes over mean temperatures in climate adaptation, and emphasize that studying adaptive capabilities is crucial to predict the limits of biological invasions.

Demographic life history traits of reproductive natterjack toads (Bufo calamita) vary between northern and southern latitudes

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delfi Sanuy ◽  
Christoph Leskovar ◽  
Neus Oromi ◽  
Ulrich Sinsch
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Large Female ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Female Size ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Bufo Calamita ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Age Variation ◽  
The Cost

AbstractDemographic life history traits were investigated in three Bufo calamita populations in Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate: Urmitz, 50°N; 1998-2000) and Spain (Catalonia: Balaguer, Mas de Melons, 41°N; 2004). We used skeletochronology to estimate the age as number of lines of arrested growth in breeding adults collected during the spring breeding period (all localities) and during the summer breeding period (only Urmitz). A data set including the variables sex, age and size of 185 males and of 87 females was analyzed with respect to seven life history traits (age and size at maturity of the youngest first breeders, age variation in first breeders, longevity, potential reproductive lifespan, median lifespan, age-size relationship). Spring and summer cohorts at the German locality differed with respect to longevity and potential reproductive lifespan by one year in favour of the early breeders. The potential consequences on fitness and stability of cohorts are discussed. Latitudinal variation of life history traits was mainly limited to female natterjacks in which along a south-north gradient longevity and potential reproductive lifespan increased while size decreased. These results and a review of published information on natterjack demography suggest that lifetime number of offspring seem to be optimized by locally different trade-offs: large female size at the cost of longevity in southern populations and increased longevity at the cost of size in northern ones.

Effects of fluctuating thermal regimes on cold survival and life history traits of the spotted wing Drosophila ( Drosophila suzukii )

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Enriquez ◽  
David Ruel ◽  
Maryvonne Charrier ◽  
Hervé Colinet
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Thermal Regimes

scholarly journals Vulnerability to Fishing and Life History Traits Correlate with the Load of Deleterious Mutations in Teleosts

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 2192-2196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Rolland ◽  
Dolph Schluter ◽  
Jonathan Romiguier
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Deleterious Mutation ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Synonymous Substitution ◽  
Deleterious Mutations ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
Genome Data

Abstract Understanding why some species accumulate more deleterious substitutions than others is an important question relevant in evolutionary biology and conservation sciences. Previous studies conducted in terrestrial taxa suggest that life history traits correlate with the efficiency of purifying selection and accumulation of deleterious mutations. Using a large genome data set of 76 species of teleostean fishes, we show that species with life history traits associated with vulnerability to fishing have an increased rate of deleterious mutation accumulation (measured via dN/dS, i.e., nonsynonymous over synonymous substitution rate). Our results, focusing on a large clade of aquatic species, generalize previous patterns found so far in few clades of terrestrial vertebrates. These results also show that vulnerable species to fishing inherently accumulate more deleterious substitutions than nonthreatened ones, which illustrates the potential links among population genetics, ecology, and fishing policies to prevent species extinction.

Report on the life history traits of the generalist predatorForficula auricularia(Dermaptera: Forficulidae) in organic apple orchards in southeastern France

2016 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazem Dib ◽  
Benoît Sauphanor ◽  
Yvan Capowiez
Keyword(s):  
Life History Traits ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Forficula Auricularia ◽  
Reproduction Study ◽  
Brood Number ◽  
Population Structure And Dynamics ◽  
European Earwig

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to provide detailed data on the reproduction of the European earwigForficula auriculariaLinnaeus (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) under natural conditions. We also describe its spring field population structure and dynamics in organic apple orchards in southeastern France using artificial and natural shelters. Two nymph cohorts could be distinguished in a laboratory reproduction study. The first brood, following the first egg-laying event in late November, had significantly higher pre-imaginal survival (1.74-fold) than the second brood in early April. The egg phase was the most vulnerable with a higher mortality rate in the first brood than the second. Independent of brood number, nymphal survival increased from second nymphal instars (N2) onwards with values higher than 96%. In orchards, N3 were generally observed in natural and artificial shelters from the end of April to mid-June. N4 was the most abundant life stage sampled and the only stage present at the majority of sampling dates, especially from early May onwards. Beginning in June, the abundance of new adults of a given year gradually increased especially in the artificial shelters. This descriptive study can now be used to develop phenological models aimed at limiting earwig mortality due to horticultural management practices and increasing their predation level in conservative or augmentative approaches.

LIFE HISTORY AND POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EUROPEAN EARWIG, FORFICULA AURICULARIA (DERMAPTERA: FORFICULIDAE), AT VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (8) ◽  
pp. 819-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Lamb ◽  
W. G. Wellington
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Forficula Auricularia ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Developmental Rates ◽  
History Of ◽  
European Earwig

AbstractThe life history of the European earwig at Vancouver, B.C., is described and divided into two periods: the nesting phase and the free-foraging phase. Seasonal changes in population characteristics are documented and compared in sparsely and densely vegetated habitats. The developmental rates, population sizes, and sex ratios, but not the body weights, differ between the two habitats. Suggested reasons for these differences are advanced.

Genetic variation in plasticity of life-history traits between Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) populations exposed to contrasting thermal regimes

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekah A. Oomen ◽  
Jeffrey A. Hutchings
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Life History ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Environments ◽  
Thermal Regimes

We employed common-garden experiments to test for genetic variation in responses of larval life-history traits to temperature between two populations of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L., 1758) that naturally experience contrasting thermal environments during early life due to spatial and temporal differences in spawning. Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence cod larvae experienced faster growth in warmer water and low, uniform survival across all experimental temperatures (3, 7, 11 °C), consistent with previous studies on this spring-spawning population. In contrast, larvae from fall-spawning Southwestern Scotian Shelf cod collected near Sambro, Nova Scotia, lacked plasticity for growth but experienced much lower survival at higher temperatures. Phenotypes that are positively associated with fitness were observed at temperatures closest to those experienced in the wild, consistent with the hypothesis that these populations are adapted to local thermal regimes. The lack of growth plasticity observed in Sambro cod might be due to costly maintenance of plasticity in stable environments or energy savings at cold temperatures. However, additional experiments need to be conducted on Sambro cod and other fall-spawning marine fishes to determine to what extent responses to projected changes in climate will differ among populations.

Snail–trematode life history interactions: past trends and future directions

Parasitology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 123 (7) ◽  
pp. S3-S18 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. SORENSEN ◽  
D. J. MINCHELLA
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Trematode Species ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Host Growth ◽  
History Of

Life history traits expressed by organisms vary due to ecological and evolutionary constraints imposed by their current environmental conditions and genetic heritage. Trematodes often alter the life history of their host snails by inducing parasitic castration. Our understanding of the variables that influence the resulting changes in host growth, fecundity and survivorship is insufficient to confidently predict specific outcomes of novel snail–trematode combinations. In a literature review of the last 30 years, we found 41 publications examining various life history characteristics of trematode-infected snails. These publications reported 113 different field and laboratory experiments involving 30 snail species and 39 trematode species and provided a data set for assessing factors that potentially affect life history outcomes. Analysis of the diverse responses across various snail–trematode systems and experimental conditions teased out general patterns for the expression of host growth, fecundity and survival. These were used to address existing hypotheses and develop several new ones relating the response of snail-trematode interactions to environmental and genetic factors. Finally, we propose directions for future experiments that will better assess the ecological and evolutionary factors influencing snail life history responses to trematode parasitism.

scholarly journals Life history traits and reproductive ecology of North American chorus frogs of the genus Pseudacris (Hylidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P. Ethier ◽  
Aurore Fayard ◽  
Peter Soroye ◽  
Daeun Choi ◽  
Marc J. Mazerolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
North America ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Reproductive Ecology ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Chorus Frogs ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Chorus Frog

AbstractAmphibian biodiversity is declining globally, with over 40% of species being considered threatened to become extinct. Crucial to the success of conservation initiatives are a comprehensive understanding of life history and reproductive ecology of target species. Here we provide an overview of the Pseudacris genus, including breeding behaviour, reproduction, development, survival and longevity. We present an updated distribution map of the 18 species found throughout North America. We also summarize the conservation status at the national and subnational (state, provincial, and territorial) levels, in Canada, USA, and Mexico, to evaluate the relationship between life history traits and extinction risk. Results show a high degree of consistency in the life history traits of Pseudacris species considering their relative diversity and wide distribution in North America. However, data are lacking for several species, particularly in the Fat Frog and West Coast clades, causing some uncertainties and discrepancies in the literature. We also found that the most threatened populations of chorus frog were located in the east coast of the USA, potentially as a result of increased levels of anthropogenic disturbance. We suggest that the similarities in life history traits among chorus frog species provides an opportunity for collaboration and united efforts for the conservation of the genus.

Life-history strategies of native and introduced fish species from a Mediterranean lake

2003 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
High Fecundity

AbstractSeven life-history traits were used to describe the life-history strategies of 12 native and introduced species from a permanent lake in Spain. Multivariate analysis identified a continuum of life-history patterns between two extremes: 1) species with one or few spawnings per year, short breeding season, long generation time, large size, high fecundity, and no parental care. This set of life-history traits corresponded to the periodic life-history strategy described by Winemiller (1989) and Winemiller and Rose (1992); and 2) species with multiple spawnings per year, prolonged breeding season, short generation time, small size, low fecundity, parental care, and small to medium size of eggs. This association of life-history traits corresponded to the opportunistic life-history strategy described by Winemiller (1989) and Winemiller and Rose (1992). It seems that there were no apparent differences in life-history strategies between native and introduced species in Lake Banyoles. Native and introduced species were found among periodic and opportunistic strategists. Observed differences in the success of native and introduced species with comparable life-history strategies seems to suggest that the success of fish species in Lake Banyoles could not be explained on the basis of life-history features. Nevertheless, it seems that successful invasive species in Lake Banyoles display a suite of traits such as high fecundity, late maturity, and large body size. These characteristics may perhaps be viewed as biological predictors of successful invaders but more information is needed about life-history features of successful introduced species from other ecosystems.

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