Report on the life history traits of the generalist predatorForficula auricularia(Dermaptera: Forficulidae) in organic apple orchards in southeastern France

2016 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazem Dib ◽  
Benoît Sauphanor ◽  
Yvan Capowiez
Keyword(s):  
Life History Traits ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Forficula Auricularia ◽  
Reproduction Study ◽  
Brood Number ◽  
Population Structure And Dynamics ◽  
European Earwig

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to provide detailed data on the reproduction of the European earwigForficula auriculariaLinnaeus (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) under natural conditions. We also describe its spring field population structure and dynamics in organic apple orchards in southeastern France using artificial and natural shelters. Two nymph cohorts could be distinguished in a laboratory reproduction study. The first brood, following the first egg-laying event in late November, had significantly higher pre-imaginal survival (1.74-fold) than the second brood in early April. The egg phase was the most vulnerable with a higher mortality rate in the first brood than the second. Independent of brood number, nymphal survival increased from second nymphal instars (N2) onwards with values higher than 96%. In orchards, N3 were generally observed in natural and artificial shelters from the end of April to mid-June. N4 was the most abundant life stage sampled and the only stage present at the majority of sampling dates, especially from early May onwards. Beginning in June, the abundance of new adults of a given year gradually increased especially in the artificial shelters. This descriptive study can now be used to develop phenological models aimed at limiting earwig mortality due to horticultural management practices and increasing their predation level in conservative or augmentative approaches.

scholarly journals The successful invasion of the European earwig across North America reflects adaptations to thermal regimes but not mean temperatures

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Tourneur ◽  
Joël Meunier
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
North America ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Forficula Auricularia ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Thermal Regimes ◽  
European Earwig

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the mechanisms by which an introduced species adapt to newly encountered habitats is a major question in ecology. A key method to address this question is to collect data on introduced species that have successfully invaded a broad diversity of novel environments, and analyze how their life-history traits changed with these new constraints. Here, we present and analyze such a unique data set in the European earwig Forficula auricularia L, an insect that invaded North America during the last century. We conducted a common garden experiment, in which we measured 13 life-history traits in 4158 individuals from 19 populations across North America. Our results demonstrate that the successful invasion of this species came with changes in 10 of their life-history traits in response to thermal regimes (winter-summer and autumn-spring temperatures), but with no change in response to the overall mean temperatures of the invaded locations. Importantly, we show that some of these changes are by-products of novel thermal regimes, whereas others reflect adaptive strategies of females to these constraints. Overall, our findings reveal the importance of thermal regimes over mean temperatures in climate adaptation, and emphasize that studying adaptive capabilities is crucial to predict the limits of biological invasions.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of the European earwig Forficula auricularia to insecticide residues on apple leaves

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.W. Shaw ◽  
D.R. Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Laboratory Bioassay ◽  
Forficula Auricularia ◽  
Insecticide Residues ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
Integrated Fruit Production ◽  
Insecticide Sprays ◽  
European Earwig

The European earwig (Forficula auricularia) is potentially a predator of a number of insect pests in apple orchards However its effectiveness as a natural enemy in apple orchards may be compromised by insecticide sprays A laboratory bioassay of eight insecticides currently used in Integrated Fruit Production (IFP) apple orchards and one asyet unregistered product was undertaken to determine their effects on earwigs Adult earwigs were placed in ventilated containers where they were exposed to insecticide residues on apple leaves and monitored on four occasions over 10 days Indoxacarb thiacloprid spinosad and diazinon caused the greatest mortality to earwigs while carbaryl appeared to be less harmful Chlorantraniliprole spirotetramat emamectin benzoate and methoxyfenozide caused no increased mortality of earwigs compared with the control Identification and avoidance of harmful insecticides may help to enhance the potential of earwigs as natural enemies in apple orchards

Molecular and Reproductive Characterization of Sibling Species in the European Earwig (Forficula auricularia)

Evolution ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Wirth ◽  
Rene Le Guellec ◽  
Michel Vancassel ◽  
Michel Veuille
Keyword(s):  
Sibling Species ◽  
Forficula Auricularia ◽  
European Earwig

Effects of some crop management practices on reproduction of Meloidogyne javanica on Brassica napus

Nematology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-386
Author(s):  
Christopher Steel ◽  
John Kirkegaard ◽  
Rod McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Soil Temperatures

AbstractThe effects of seed treatments with pesticides, soil temperature at sowing, cutting of plants with and without glyphosate herbicide, root disruption and age of crop at inoculation on reproduction of Meloidogyne javanica on Brassica napus were investigated. When inoculated at sowing, plants grown from fodder rape cv. Rangi seed treated with fenamiphos (0.35 g a.i. per 100 g) and from fodder swede cv. Highlander seed with a coating including imidacloprid had fewer galls than plants from seed untreated or treated with omethoate (0.7 g a.i. per 100 g). When nematode inoculation was delayed until 4 weeks after sowing, omethoate and the imadacloprid treatments had no effect while fenamiphos (0.7 g a.i. per 100 g seed) suppressed galling but also impaired seedling emergence and induced chlorosis. Green manure rape plants cvs Rangi and Humus transplanted into infested soil in the field in mid-autumn (soil temperature 17°C) remained nematode and gall-free, but tomato cv. Grosse Lisse plants were heavily galled. All three cultivars were gall-free when transplanted and grown in early winter (soil temperatures 8-14°C). Cutting off the tops of cv. Rangi plants at from 6 to 11 weeks after sowing and inoculation had no effect on egg production compared to that on intact plants. Predominant nematode stages in cut plants ranged from developing juveniles to egg-laying females. Application of glyphosate to freshly cut stems had no effect on egg production at any stage. Infesting soil with roots of cv. Rangi, finely chopped while nematodes in them were still juveniles, resulted in a low incidence of infection of bioassay tomato plants compared with infesting soil with rape roots chopped later, when females and females with eggs predominated. Young females in tomato roots laid eggs despite fine chopping of the roots. When cv. Rangi plants were inoculated at 3, 5 and 7 weeks after sowing, the 7-week-old plants were the least invaded and fewer eggs were produced on the 5 and 7-week-old plants than on the 3-week-old ones.

Note on Control of the European Earwig, Forficula auricularia L., in Newfoundland With Traps and Attractants

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 1075-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray F. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Forficula Auricularia ◽  
Four Corners ◽  
Set Up ◽  
European Earwig

In a test at St. John's from 20 August to 9 September 1964, grooved-board traps captured more specimens of the Eluropean earwig, Forficula auricularia L., than pitfall traps containing attractants. On 19 August two replicates of one grooved-board and eight Legner traps (Fig. 1) containing bran flakes plus an attractant were set up on a city lot. The Legner traps were set in the soil so that their tops were level with the surface. They were protected from rain by a 12 in. × 12 in. board held in position over the opening by short legs at the four corners. The attractants used were: peanut butter, cod oil, sugar, molasses, honey and macerated earwigs. The traps were attended from 21 August to 9 September and all earwigs removed daily and counted in the laboratory.

scholarly journals Native insect pollinators in Apple orchards under different management practices in the Kashmir Valley

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Muzaffar Ahmad Ganie ◽  
Amit Kumar Pal ◽  
Nazeer Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
The Family ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Family Contribution

It is now clear that over use of pesticides and intensive management of orchards can lead to drastic declines in apple pollinator abundance and crop failures. During the period of study a grower’s survey was conducted to know about knowledge of farmers on native insect pollinators, pollinator management practices, their perceptions of the importance and utility of native pollinators, and their attitudes regarding pesticide application. Despite of having significant knowledge of managed pollination, only few farmers (2%) adopted supplementary methods of pollination (renting honey bee colonies, hand pollination etc.). In Pulwama, 60% of farmers had knowledge about native insect pollinators and 40% did not have any idea of native pollinators and in case of Shopian, the figures were fifty-fifty i.e. 50% had knowledge about native insect pollinators and 50% were unaware. During the period of investigation, native insect pollinators were sampled from different apple orchards under different management systems in early spring during apple flowering. A total of 17 species of insect pollinators belonging to 11 families and 3 orders_ Hymenoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera registered their occurrence at all the studied apple orchards of the Kashmir Valley. At all the study sites i.e. apple orchards under different management systems, family Halictidae and Empididae registered their presence as dominant groups. The % family contribution of the former at different orchard types decreased with increase in the intensity of the management system and the % family contribution of the later however, showed a direct relationship with the management system found, i.e. the more intense the system, the more abundant was the group. Other groups in general did not show any greater differences in abundances at different sites studied.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Flower and Grass Strips for Augmentation of Beneficial Arthropods in Apple Orchards

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoke Dong ◽  
Mengjing Xia ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
Baofeng Mu ◽  
Zhiyong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Habitat Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alternative Prey ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Beneficial Arthropods ◽  
Arthropod Predators

Sowing plants that provide food resources in orchards is a potential habitat management practice for enhancing biological control. Flowering plants (providing pollen and nectar) and grasses (providing alternative prey) can benefit natural enemies in orchards; however, little is known about their relative importance. We studied the effect of management practices (flower strips, grass strips, and spontaneous grass) on arthropod predators under organic apple management regimes in apple orchards in Beijing, China. Orchards located at two different sites were assessed for 3 years (2017–2019). The cover crops had a significant impact on the abundance and diversity of arthropod predators. The grass treatment consistently supported significantly greater densities of alternative prey resources for predators, and predators were more abundant in the grass than in the other treatments. The Shannon–Wiener diversity was significantly higher for the cover crop treatment than for the control. Community structure was somewhat similar between the grass and control, but it differed between the flower treatment and grass/control. Weak evidence for an increase in mobile predators (ladybirds and lacewings) in the orchard canopy was found. Ladybirds and lacewings were more abundant in the grass treatment than in the other treatments in 2019 only, while the aphid abundance in the grass treatment was lowest. The fact that grass strips promoted higher predator abundance and stronger aphid suppression in comparison to the flower strips suggests that providing alternative prey for predators has great biocontrol service potential. The selection of cover crops and necessary management for conserving natural enemies in orchards are discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Host phylogeny drives the structure and diversity of insect microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonino Malacrino'
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Insect Nutrition ◽  
Common Framework ◽  
Host Phylogeny ◽  
Insect Taxonomy ◽  
Outstanding Question

Microorganisms have an enormous impact on most of the life that inhabits our planet. Insects are an excellent example, as research showed that several microbial species are essential for insect nutrition, reproduction, fitness, defence and many other functions. More recently, we assisted to an exponential growth of studies describing the taxonomical composition of bacterial communities across insects' phylogeny. However, there is still an outstanding question that needs to be answered: which factors contribute most in shaping insects' microbiomes? This study tries to find an answer to this question by taking advantage of publicly available sequencing data and reanalysing over 4,000 samples of insect-associated bacterial communities under a common framework. Results suggest that insect taxonomy has a wider impact on the structure and diversity of their associated microbial communities than the other factors considered (diet, sex, life stage, sample origin and treatment). Also, a survey of the literature highlights several methodological limitations that needs to be considered in future research endeavours. This study proofs the amount of collective effort that lead to the current understanding of insect-microbiota interactions and their influence on insect biology, ecology and evolution with potential impact on insect conservation and management practices.

Influence of diet on development and oviposition of Forficula auricularia (Dermaptera: Forficulidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghislain Berleur ◽  
Jean Gingras ◽  
Jean-Claude Tourneur
Keyword(s):  
Food Preference ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Forficula Auricularia ◽  
Content Analyses ◽  
European Earwig ◽  
Preference Tests ◽  
Daylight Period ◽  
Better Than

In North America, the life cycle of the European earwig (Forficula auricularia L.) can be divided into a nesting phase (hypogean phase) and a free-foraging phase (epigean phase) (Crumb et al. 1941; Behura 1956; Lamb and Wellington 1975). Adults spend the nesting phase in the soil; females burrow into the ground at the onset of the cold weather, lay eggs, and then care for the eggs. Hatching occurs in spring; first- or second-instar nymphs move to the soil surface for the free-foraging period. The earwig, a nocturnal insect, spends the entire daylight period of hiding under trash or in dark crevices. Where two broods occur, females reenter the ground a second time (Lamb and Wellington 1975). Stomach content analyses (Crumb et al. 1941; Sunderland and Vickerman 1980) and food preference tests (McLeod and Chant 1952; Buxton and Madge 1976) revealed that the European earwig is omnivorous. Under laboratory conditions, nymphs fed freshly frozen aphids, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), survive better than those fed green algae or carrots, develop faster, and produce heavier females (Phillips 1981; Carrillo 1985).

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