scholarly journals Hemisphere-Specific Properties of the Ventriloquism Aftereffect in Humans and Monkeys

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Kopčo ◽  
Peter Lokša ◽  
I-fan Lin ◽  
Jennifer Groh ◽  
Barbara Shinn-Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Auditory Space ◽  
Spatial Reference ◽  
Visual Maps ◽  
Auditory Representation ◽  
Spatial Reference Frame ◽  
Ventriloquism Aftereffect

ABSTRACTVisual calibration of auditory space requires re-alignment of representations differing in 1) format (auditory hemispheric channels vs. visual maps) and 2) reference frames (head-centered vs. eye-centered). Here, a ventriloquism paradigm from Kopčo et al. (J Neurosci, 29, 13809-13814) was used to examine these processes in humans and monkeys for ventriloquism induced within one spatial hemifield. Results show that 1) the auditory representation is adapted even by aligned audio-visual stimuli, and 2) the spatial reference frame is primarily head-centered in humans but mixed in monkeys. These results support the view that the ventriloquism aftereffect is driven by multiple spatially non-uniform processes.PACS numbers: 43.66.Pn, 43.66.Qp, 43.66.Mk

scholarly journals Multiple spatial reference frames underpin perceptual recalibration to audio-visual discrepancies

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251827
Author(s):  
David Mark Watson ◽  
Michael A. Akeroyd ◽  
Neil W. Roach ◽  
Ben S. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frames ◽  
Perceptual System ◽  
Visual Signals ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Head Orientation ◽  
Auditory Space ◽  
Spatial Reference ◽  
Spatial Reference Frames ◽  
Spatial Disparities ◽  
Ventriloquism Aftereffect

In dynamic multisensory environments, the perceptual system corrects for discrepancies arising between modalities. For instance, in the ventriloquism aftereffect (VAE), spatial disparities introduced between visual and auditory stimuli lead to a perceptual recalibration of auditory space. Previous research has shown that the VAE is underpinned by multiple recalibration mechanisms tuned to different timescales, however it remains unclear whether these mechanisms use common or distinct spatial reference frames. Here we asked whether the VAE operates in eye- or head-centred reference frames across a range of adaptation timescales, from a few seconds to a few minutes. We developed a novel paradigm for selectively manipulating the contribution of eye- versus head-centred visual signals to the VAE by manipulating auditory locations relative to either the head orientation or the point of fixation. Consistent with previous research, we found both eye- and head-centred frames contributed to the VAE across all timescales. However, we found no evidence for an interaction between spatial reference frames and adaptation duration. Our results indicate that the VAE is underpinned by multiple spatial reference frames that are similarly leveraged by the underlying time-sensitive mechanisms.

Effect of Gravito-Inertial Cues on the Coding of Orientation in Pre-Attentive Vision

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Philippe Stivalet ◽  
Christian Marendaz ◽  
Lorna Barraclough ◽  
Christian Mourareau
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Pattern Search ◽  
Horizontal Axis ◽  
Search Pattern ◽  
Serial Search ◽  
Spatial Reference ◽  
Search Patterns ◽  
Spatial Reference Frame ◽  
Inertial Cues

To see if the spatial reference frame used by pre-attentive vision is specified in a retino-centered frame or in a reference frame integrating visual and nonvisual information (vestibular and somatosensory), subjects were centrifuged in a nonpendular cabin and were asked to search for a target distinguishable from distractors by difference in orientation (Treisman’s “pop-out” paradigm [1]). In a control condition, in which subjects were sitting Immobilized but not centrifuged, this task gave an asymmetric search pattern: Search was rapid and pre-attentional except when the target was aligned with the horizontal retinal/head axis, in which case search was slow and attentional (2). Results using a centrifuge showed that slow/serial search patterns were obtained when the target was aligned with the subjective horizontal axis (and not with the horizontal retinal/head axis). These data suggest that a multisensory reference frame is used in pre-attentive vision. The results are interpreted in terms of Riccio and Stoffregen’s “ecological theory” of orientation in which the vertical and horizontal axes constitute independent reference frames (3).

scholarly journals Brain Dynamics of Spatial Reference Frame Proclivity in Active Navigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Che-Sheng Yang ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Avinash Singh ◽  
Kuan-Chih Huang ◽  
Chin-Teng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Brain Dynamics ◽  
Alpha Band ◽  
Turning Angle ◽  
Spatial Reference ◽  
Spatial Reference Frames ◽  
Spatial Reference Frame

Recent research into navigation strategy of different spatial reference frame proclivities (RFPs) has revealed that the parietal cortex plays an important role in processing allocentric information to provide a translation function between egocentric and allocentric spatial reference frames. However, most studies merely focused on a passive experimental environment, which is not truly representative of our daily spatial learning/navigation tasks. This study investigated the factor associated with brain dynamics that causes people to switch their preferred spatial strategy in different environments in virtual reality (VR) based active navigation task to bridge the gap. High-resolution electroencephalography (EEG) signals were recorded to monitor spectral perturbations on transitions between egocentric and allocentric frames during a path integration task. Our brain dynamics results showed navigation involved areas including the parietal cortex with modulation in the alpha band, the occipital cortex with beta and low gamma band perturbations, and the frontal cortex with theta perturbation. Differences were found between two different turning-angle paths in the alpha band in parietal cluster event-related spectral perturbations (ERSPs). In small turning-angle paths, allocentric participants showed stronger alpha desynchronization than egocentric participants; in large turning-angle paths, participants for two reference frames had a smaller difference in the alpha frequency band. Behavior results of homing errors also corresponded to brain dynamic results, indicating that a larger angle path caused the allocentric to have a higher tendency to become egocentric navigators in the active navigation environment.

How Do Task Instructions Alter the Spatial Reference Frame of Scene-Based Processing?

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Mills ◽  
Stefan Van Der Stigchel ◽  
Andrew Hollingworth ◽  
Michael D. Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Spatial Reference ◽  
Task Instructions ◽  
Spatial Reference Frame

Where's the donut? Factors influencing spatial reference frame use

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly A. Taylor ◽  
David N. Rapp
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Spatial Reference ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Spatial Reference Frame

scholarly journals Reference frames in spatial communication for navigation and sports: an empirical study in ultimate frisbee players

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Weisberg ◽  
Anjan Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Spatial Reference ◽  
Spatial Reference Frames ◽  
The North ◽  
Communication Task ◽  
Spatial Communication ◽  
Spatial Domains ◽  
Ultimate Frisbee

Abstract Background Reference frames ground spatial communication by mapping ambiguous language (for example, navigation: “to the left”) to properties of the speaker (using a Relative reference frame: “to my left”) or the world (Absolute reference frame: “to the north”). People’s preferences for reference frame vary depending on factors like their culture, the specific task in which they are engaged, and differences among individuals. Although most people are proficient with both reference frames, it is unknown whether preference for reference frames is stable within people or varies based on the specific spatial domain. These alternatives are difficult to adjudicate because navigation is one of few spatial domains that can be naturally solved using multiple reference frames. That is, while spatial navigation directions can be specified using Absolute or Relative reference frames (“go north” vs “go left”), other spatial domains predominantly use Relative reference frames. Here, we used two domains to test the stability of reference frame preference: one based on navigating a four-way intersection; and the other based on the sport of ultimate frisbee. We recruited 58 ultimate frisbee players to complete an online experiment. We measured reaction time and accuracy while participants solved spatial problems in each domain using verbal prompts containing either Relative or Absolute reference frames. Details of the task in both domains were kept as similar as possible while remaining ecologically plausible so that reference frame preference could emerge. Results We pre-registered a prediction that participants would be faster using their preferred reference frame type and that this advantage would correlate across domains; we did not find such a correlation. Instead, the data reveal that people use distinct reference frames in each domain. Conclusion This experiment reveals that spatial reference frame types are not stable and may be differentially suited to specific domains. This finding has broad implications for communicating spatial information by offering an important consideration for how spatial reference frames are used in communication: task constraints may affect reference frame choice as much as individual factors or culture.

The Contact Diffusion of Linguistic Practices

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Bohnemeyer ◽  
Katharine T. Donelson ◽  
Randi E. Moore ◽  
Elena Benedicto ◽  
Alyson Eggleston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Indigenous Languages ◽  
Spatial Reference ◽  
Diffusion Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Spatial Reference Frame ◽  
Using Data

We examine the extent to which practices of language use may be diffused through language contact and areally shared, using data on spatial reference frame use by speakers of eight indigenous languages from in and around the Mesoamerican linguistic area and three varieties of Spanish. Regression models show that the frequency of L2-Spanish use by speakers of the indigenous languages predicts the use of relative reference frames in the L1 even when literacy and education levels are accounted for. A significant difference in frame use between the Mesoamerican and non-Mesoamerican indigenous languages further supports the contact diffusion analysis.

Frames of Reference for Hand Orientation

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Flanders ◽  
John F. Soechting
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Object Orientation ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Object Location ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Spatial Reference ◽  
Hand Orientation ◽  
Spatial Reference Frame

In reaching and grasping movements, information about object location and object orientation is used to specify the appropriate proximal arm posture and the appropriate positions for the wrist and fingers. Since object orientation is ideally defined in a frame of reference fixed in space, this study tested whether the neural control of hand orientation is also best described as being in this spatial reference frame. With the proximal arm in various postures, human subjects used a handheld rod to approximate verbally defined spatial orientations. Subjects did quite well at indicating spatial vertical and spatial horizontal but made consistent errors in estimating 45° spatial slants. The errors were related to the proximal arm posture in a way that indicated that oblique hand orientations may be specified as a compromise between a reference frame fixed in space and a reference frame fixed to the arm. In another experiment, where subjects were explicitly requested to use a reference frame fixed to the arm, the performance was consistently biased toward a spatial reference frame. The results suggest that reaching and grasping movements may be implemented as an amalgam of two frames of reference, both neurally and behaviorally.

The role of visual experience in spatial reference frame preference

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Achille Pasqualotto
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Spatial Representation ◽  
Visual Experience ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Object Locations ◽  
Congenitally Blind ◽  
Spatial Reference Frame

How do people remember the location of objects? Location is always relative, and thus depends on a reference frame. There are two types of reference frames: egocentric (or observer-based) and allocentric (or environmental-based). Here we investigated the reference frame people used to remember object locations in a large room. We also examined whether the choice of a given reference frame is dictated by visual experience. Thus we tested congenitally blind, late blind, and sighted blindfolded participants. Objects were organized in a structured configuration and then explored one-by-one with participants walking back and forth from a single point. After the exploration of the locations, a spatial memory test was conducted. The memory test required participants to imagine being inside the array of objects, being oriented along a given heading, and then pointing towards the required object. Crucially the headings were either aligned to the allocentric structure of the configuration, that is rows and columns, or aligned to the egocentric route walked during the exploration of the objects. The spatial representation used by the participants can be revealed by better performance when the imagined heading in the test matches the spatial representation used. We found that participants with visual experience, that is late blind and blindfolded sighted, were better with headings aligned to the allocentric structure of the configuration. On the contrary, congenitally blind were more accurate with headings aligned to the egocentric walked routes. This suggests that visual experience during early development determines a preference for an allocentric frame of reference.

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