scholarly journals Modulation of emotion perception and memory via sub-threshold amygdala stimulation in humans

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof A. Bujarski ◽  
Yinchen Song ◽  
Sophia I. Kolankiewicz ◽  
Gabriella H. Wozniak ◽  
Angeline S. Andrews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Electrical Brain Stimulation ◽  
Emotional Perception ◽  
Average Valence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractA common human experience is noticing that emotional life events are more vividly remembered than dull ones. Studies show that the amygdala plays a central role in such emotionally driven enhancement of memory. With this in mind, we investigated the effect of electrical brain stimulation of the left human amygdala on performance on an emotional perception and emotional memory task. We randomly applied sub-threshold 50 Hz stimulation to the left amygdala in 10 patients (5 female and 5 male) with intracranial electrodes during the encoding portion of an emotional valence perception and emotional memory task. We found that amygdala stimulation did not affect reported valence for neutral stimuli (non-stimulated group average valence 5.34, stimulated 5.38, p=0.68) but it did affect positively (non-stimulated group average valence 7.31, stimulated 6.70, p=0.004) and negatively (non-stimulated group average valence 2.79, stimulated 3.55, p=0.0002) valenced stimuli in effect reporting both valence categories as more neutral. Furthermore, we found that stimulation did not significantly disrupt memory for neutral stimuli (68% vs. 61% correctly remembered p=0.48) or positive stimuli (87% vs. 70% correct, trend towards significant difference p=0.09) but did for negative stimuli (83% vs. 67% correct, p=0.03). These results suggest that electrical brain stimulation by our parameters likely reversibly inhibits amygdala function disrupting neural networks responsible for emotional perception and memory. This effect may have clinical implications in treatment of certain neuropsychiatric disorders, such as emotional dysregulation and post-traumatic stress disorder.Statement of significanceThe current study builds and expands on extensive prior research into the function of the human amygdala. It provides the first systematic description in humans of a cognitive change brought about by direct electrical stimulation of the amygdala on perception of emotional valence and emotional memory. The results provide further evidence on the importance of the amygdala in human cognition. Likewise, out method utilized to study the function of the amygdala can be extended to study the function of other brain regions in humans, such as the cingulate. While these results are preliminary and need to be duplicated, we aim to further study the effects of amygdala stimulation on emotional processing including possible therapeutic application for diverse group of neuropsychiatric conditions.

scholarly journals Electrical stimulation in hippocampus and entorhinal cortex impairs spatial and temporal memory

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhinav Goyal ◽  
Jonathan Miller ◽  
Andrew J. Watrous ◽  
Sang Ah Lee ◽  
Tom Coffey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Electrical Brain Stimulation ◽  
Neurosurgical Patients

AbstractThe medial temporal lobe (MTL) is widely implicated in supporting episodic memory and navigation, but its precise functional role in organizing memory across time and space remains elusive. Here we examine the specific cognitive processes implemented by MTL structures (hippocampus and entorhinal cortex) to organize memory by using electrical brain stimulation, leveraging its ability to establish causal links between brain regions and features of behavior. We studied neurosurgical patients of both sexes who performed spatial-navigation and verbal-episodic memory tasks while brain stimulation was applied in various regions during learning. During the verbal memory task, stimulation in the MTL disrupted the temporal organization of encoded memories such that items learned with stimulation tended to be recalled in a more randomized order. During the spatial task, MTL stimulation impaired subjects’ abilities to remember items located far away from boundaries. These stimulation effects were specific to the MTL. Our findings thus provide the first causal demonstration in humans of the specific memory processes that are performed by the MTL to encode when and where events occurred.Significance StatementNumerous studies have implicated the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in encoding spatial and temporal memories, but they have not been able to causally demonstrate the nature of the cognitive processes by which this occurs in real-time. Electrical brain stimulation is able to demonstrate causal links between a brain region and a given function with high temporal precision. By examining behavior in a memory task as subjects received MTL stimulation, we provide the first causal evidence demonstrating the role of the MTL in organizing the spatial and temporal aspects of episodic memory.

scholarly journals Apathy following Bilateral Deep Brain Stimulation of Subthalamic Nucleus in Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Yongsheng Li ◽  
Xiaona Zhang ◽  
Anmu Xie
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stn Dbs ◽  
Deep Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Bilateral deep brain stimulation of subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) has proven effective in improving motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. However, psychiatric changes after surgery are controversial. In this study, we specifically analyzed apathy following bilateral STN-DBS in PD patients using a meta-analysis. Relevant articles utilized for this study were obtained through literature search on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Embase databases. The articles included were those contained both pre- and postsurgery apathy data acquired using the Starkstein Apathy Scale or Apathy Evaluation Scale with patient follow-up of at least three months. A total of 9 out of 86 articles were included in our study through this strict screening process. Standardized mean difference (SMD), that is, Cohen’s d, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to show the change. We found a significant difference between the presurgery stage and the postsurgery stage scores (SMD = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.17∼0.52, P<0.001). STN-DBS seems to relatively worsen the condition of apathy, which may result from both the surgery target (subthalamic nucleus) and the reduction of dopaminergic medication. Further studies should focus on the exact mechanisms of possible postoperative apathy in the future.

Electrical brain stimulation of the parietal lobe impairs the perception of verticality

2019 ◽  
Vol 266 (S1) ◽  
pp. 146-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Kremmyda ◽  
V. Kirsch ◽  
S. Bardins ◽  
H. Lohr ◽  
C. Vollmar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Electrical Brain Stimulation ◽  
Perception Of Verticality ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals An MRI Compatible Brain Probe for Signal Recording and Deep Brain Stimulation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey Cruttenden ◽  
Mahdi Ahmadi ◽  
Xiao-Hong Zhu ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Rajesh Rajamani
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Electrical Brain Stimulation ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Disease Therapy ◽  
Signal Recording ◽  
Deep Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Electrical stimulation of neural tissue is a promising therapy for a variety of neurological diseases. For example, electrical stimulation of deep thalamic nuclei has been used extensively to treat symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, and there is growing interest in treating other conditions including epilepsy and depression with similar techniques. However, the mechanisms of electrical brain stimulation for disease therapy are not fully understood [1].

Differences in Extinction in Electrical Brain-Stimulation under Traditional Procedures of Reward Presentation

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 909-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger W. McIntire ◽  
James E. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Water Reinforcement ◽  
Electrical Brain Stimulation ◽  
Resistance To Extinction ◽  
Dry Water ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
The Way

Rats were trained to bar-press for electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB) or H2O reinforcement in order to examine differences in resistance to extinction as related to method of presentation of reward. The methods of presentation of ESB were: (1) immediate with the appropriate bar-press, (2) immediate with the appropriate bar-press with addition of a momentarily presented dry water cup, (3) immediate with the licking of the water cup presented on appropriate bar-press. Also, a group working for one lick of water and no ESB was included. The data show clearly that H2O reinforcement is superior in producing higher resistance to extinction and that presentation of ESB reinforcement in a manner similar to the way in which a water reinforcement is presented gives higher resistance to extinction than presenting ESB reinforcement contingent only on the bar-press.

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