scholarly journals A model of tuberculosis clustering in low incidence countries reveals more on-going transmission in the United Kingdom than the Netherlands between 2010 and 2015

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Brooks-Pollock ◽  
Leon Danon ◽  
Hester Korthals Altes ◽  
Jennifer A. Davidson ◽  
Andrew M. T. Pollock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Imported Infection ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Transmission Mechanisms ◽  
Recent Transmission ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is a major public health threat, including in low TB incidence countries, through a combination of imported infection and onward transmission. Using data from the Enhanced Tuberculosis Surveillance system in the United Kingdom (UK) and the Netherlands (NL) Tuberculosis Register, we developed a mathematical model of TB importation and transmission in low-incidence settings. We apply this method to compare the effective reproduction number for TB, the contribution of importation and the role of superspreaders in the UK and the NL. We estimate that on average, between 2010 and 2015, a TB case generated 0·41(0·30,0·60) secondary cases in the UK, and 0·24(0·14,0·48) secondary cases in the NL. A majority of cases did not generate any secondary cases. Recent transmission accounted for 26% (21%,36%) of UK cases and 19%(11%,31%) of NL cases. We predict that reducing UK transmission rates to those observed in NL would result in 538(266,818) fewer cases annually in the UK. This methodology reveals common transmission mechanisms across two low-incidence countries and can be applied to other settings. Control policies aimed at limiting spread have a role to play in eliminating TB in low incidence countries.

scholarly journals Gypsy–Traveller communities in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands: socially and digitally excluded?

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 637-653
Author(s):  
Leanne Townsend ◽  
Koen Salemink ◽  
Claire Denise Wallace
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Digital Communications ◽  
Digital Inclusion ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Mainstream Society ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Socially Excluded ◽  
The Impact

With the pervasiveness of digitisation communications, those that are left behind are seen as socially excluded. In both academic and policy discourses, it is assumed that digital inclusion as a route into mainstream society is a desirable solution to problems of multiple exclusion and has led to many studies of the digital inclusion/exclusion of ‘hard to reach’ groups. Yet, Gypsy–Travellers, among the most marginalised people in society, have received little attention. Using data from the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, we assess the impact of digital communications on Gypsy–Traveller communities. This article makes a contribution in the following ways: First, we address the theories of ‘fields of inclusion’ to show how exclusion and inclusion work together in different ways; Second, we explore how different policy frameworks in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom shape these possibilities; Third, we document the forms of inclusion that Gypsy–Travellers experience in terms of digital communications; Fourth, we look at how Gypsy–Travellers use digital communications to recreate their own cultures as well as selectively integrate with mainstream society.

scholarly journals A unique measles B3 cluster in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands linked to air travel and transit at a large international airport, February to April 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Nic Lochlainn ◽  
Sema Mandal ◽  
Rita de Sousa ◽  
Karthik Paranthaman ◽  
Rob van Binnendijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Virus Strain ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
The Uk ◽  
In Transit

This report describes a joint measles outbreak investigation between public health officials in the United Kingdom (UK) and the Netherlands following detection of a measles cluster with a unique measles virus strain. From 1 February to 30 April 2014, 33 measles cases with a unique measles virus strain of genotype B3 were detected in the UK and the Netherlands, of which nine secondary cases were epidemiologically linked to an infectious measles case travelling from the Philippines. Through a combination of epidemiological investigation and sequence analysis, we found that measles transmission occurred in flight, airport and household settings. The secondary measles cases included airport workers, passengers in transit at the same airport or travelling on the same flight as the infectious case and also household contacts. This investigation highlighted the particular importance of measles genotyping in identifying transmission networks and the need to improve vaccination, public health follow-up and management of travellers and airport staff exposed to measles.

scholarly journals Challenging Media (Mis)Representation: An Exploration of Available Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-20
Author(s):  
Karla Perez Portilla
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Mental Health Stigma ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk

This article is a theoretical analysis aimed at articulating the harm caused by media (mis)representation, and at showing existing ways in which this harm can be contested. The approaches analysed are largely from the United Kingdom. However, the issues they raise are not unique and the models explored are potentially transferable. The examples cover a range of media, including British right-wing press, television and Facebook; and characteristics protected by equality legislation in the UK such as sex, sexual orientation, race, religion and mental health stigma. Crucially, all the initiatives presented demonstrate the group-based nature of media (mis)representations, which cannot be understood and, therefore, cannot be addressed through individualistic approaches. Therefore, the article concludes that the role of groups as the targets of media (mis)representation and as potential claimants should be fully acknowledged and enabled.

Expanded Function Orthodontic Auxiliaries; a Proposal for their Introduction in the UK

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. O'Brien ◽  
W. C. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
The United States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Treatment Provision ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cost

The role of dental and orthodontic auxiliaries in Europe and the United States is reviewed, and the advantages of their employment in the United Kingdom are discussed in terms of increasing the cost-effectiveness of orthodontic treatment provision. A three-stage programme for the evaluation of Orthodontic Auxiliaries in the UK is proposed.

scholarly journals Health technology assessment: a sociological commentary on reflexive innovation

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Webster
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Priority Setting ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
The United Kingdom

This study provides a sociological commentary on the current debates within health technology assessment (HTA), specifically in response to the approaches taken in France, The Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. It argues that HTA is part of a wider reflexive innovation system that seeks to order current and prospective technologies. The study discusses the socio-political process of HTA priority setting, the rhetorical role of HTA, the localised and contingent use of HTA, and the policy gap between guidelines and practice. It argues for the development of new types of methodologies for assessment and for a stronger social embedding of HTA practice.

scholarly journals ‘HOW WELL ARE WE DOING?’ THE UNITED KINGDOM AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION OF THE OECD ANTI-BRIBERY CONVENTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-130
Author(s):  
John Hatchard
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
International Business ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Business Transactions ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Oecd Convention ◽  
The Uk

The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions (the OECD Convention) entered into force on 15 February 1999. As at 31 May 2017, there were 41 State Parties (the Parties) comprising the thirty-five OECD member countries and six non-member countries.The United Kingdom (UK) ratified the Convention in 1998. The OECD Convention is supplemented by the Revised Recommendations of the Council of the OECD on Combating Bribery in International Business Transactions (the 2009 Recommendations),Annex I of which contains “Good Practice Guidance on Implementing Specific Articles of the Convention.”In March 2017, the OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions (the WGB) published its Phase 4 Report on the United Kingdom’s implementation of the OECD Convention (Phase 4 Report).Having provided a short background section on the scope of the OECD Convention and the role of the WGB, the following section will review some of the key recommendations contained in the Phase 4 Report. In the final section, an assessment is made as to how well the UK is doing with regard to the implementation of its OECD Convention obligations.   

The United Kingdom: When a Coalition Meets the Westminster Model, Who Wins?

2021 ◽  
pp. 611-639
Author(s):  
Nick Barlow ◽  
Tim Bale
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Coalition Government ◽  
Party Government ◽  
Westminster Model ◽  
Liberal Democrats ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Uk

This chapter examines the United Kingdom’s sole post-war coalition government and how it interacted with the Westminster Model’s assumption of single-party government. It looks at the issue from two perspectives: firstly, how much the usual processes of single-party government changed to accommodate two parties in government, and secondly, how David Cameron’s Conservatives and Nick Clegg’s Liberal Democrats worked together as parties in government in ways that fitted with the expectations of the Westminster Model. It examines this single example of coalition government in its political and historical contexts, exploring why a coalition occurred in 2010 and how it managed to continue in office for a full parliamentary term. The chapter begins with the comparatively swift process of negotiation through which the coalition was formed, then proceeds to look at how the expectations of that negotiation survived contact with the actual processes of government. It concludes by examining what the procedural and political impacts of the coalition on the UK have been, including the role of the coalition’s Fixed-Term Parliament Act on the stability of it and future governments.

Ename International Colloquium: Between Objects and Ideas: Rethinking the Role of Intangible Heritage: Ghent, Belgium, March 26–28, 2008

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-442
Author(s):  
Neil Asher Silberman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Archaeology ◽  
International Colloquium ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Heritage Policy

The Fourth Annual Ename International Colloquium, entitled “Between Objects and Ideas: Rethinking the Role of Intangible Heritage,” was held in Ghent, Belgium, March 26–28, 2008. Focusing on the intellectual and practical relationship between tangible and intangible heritage and its implications for the shaping of international heritage policy, it featured 40 speakers representing universities, museums, universities, and heritage organizations in Belgium, Canada, China, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Thailand, Turkey, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. As in previous years, the colloquium was organized by the Ename Center for Public Archaeology and Heritage Presentation, with support from the Province of East Flanders.

scholarly journals The material role of digital media in connecting with, within and beyond museums

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Light ◽  
Gaynor Bagnall ◽  
Garry Crawford ◽  
Victoria Gosling
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Visitor Experience ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Visitor Experiences ◽  
Museum Objects ◽  
Sociology Of Translation ◽  
Using Data

The connective potentials of digital media have been positioned as a key part of a contemporary museum visitor experience. Using a sociology of translation, we construct a network of visitor experiences using data from a digital media engagement project at a large and multi-sited museum in the United Kingdom. These experiences relate to (dis)connections with the museum, museum objects and other visitors. Through this analysis, we disclose the often contradictory roles of the non-human, including and going beyond the digital, as contributors to the success and failure of attempts to change museum visitor experiences through engagement activities rooted in narratives of participation and connectivity.

scholarly journals The harmonisation of longitudinal data: a case study using data from cohort studies in The Netherlands and the United Kingdom

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1419-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER A. BATH ◽  
DORLY DEEG ◽  
JAN POPPELAARS
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Religious Attendance ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Using Data

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a case study of the challenges and requirements associated with harmonising data from two independently-conceived datasets from The Netherlands and the United Kingdom: the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) and the Nottingham Longitudinal Study of Activity and Ageing (NLSAA). The objectives were to create equivalent samples and variables, and to identify the methodological differences that affect the comparability of the samples. Data are available from the two studies' 1992–93 surveys for respondents born during 1908–20, and the common data set had 1,768 records and enabled the creation of 26 harmonised variables in the following domains: demographic composition and personal finances, physical health, mental health and loneliness, contacts with health services, physical activity, religious attendance and pet ownership. The ways in which the methodological differences between the two studies and their different selective attrition might lead to sample differences were carefully considered. It was concluded that the challenges of conducting cross-national comparative research using independent datasets include differences in sampling, study design, measurement instruments, response rates and selective attrition. To reach conclusions from any comparative study about substantive socio-cultural differences, these challenges must first be identified and addressed.

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