scholarly journals Revisiting the Origin of the Octoploid Strawberry

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Liston ◽  
Na Wei ◽  
Jacob Tennessen ◽  
Junmin Li ◽  
Ming Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Diploid Progenitor ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
Direct Ancestor

AbstractThe cultivated strawberry, Fragaria ×ananassa, originated in France approximately 270 years ago via hybridization between two wild species introduced from North and South America. Both the cultivated strawberry and its parental species are octoploids with 2n=8x=56 chromosomes. In the recent publication of the genome of the cultivated strawberry, the authors present a novel phylogenetic hypothesis, proposing that each of the four subgenomes originated from a different 2n=2x=14 diploid progenitor. They further suggest that the hexaploid species Fragaria moschata was a direct ancestor of the strawberries. We reanalyzed the four octoploid subgenomes in a phylogenomic context, and found that only two extant diploids were progenitors, a result that is consistent with several previous studies. We also conducted a phylogenetic analysis of genetic linkage-mapped loci in the hexaploid F. moschata, and resolved its origin as independent of the octoploids. We identified assumptions in their tree-searching algorithm that prevented it from accepting extinct or unsampled progenitors, and we argue that this is a critical weakness of their approach. Correctly identifying their diploid progenitors is important for understanding and predicting the responses of polyploid plants to climate change and associated environmental stress.

scholarly journals An early bothremydid (Testudines, Pleurodira) from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of Utah, North America

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter G. Joyce ◽  
Tyler R. Lyson ◽  
James I. Kirkland
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Depositional Settings ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
Early Late

BackgroundBothremydidae is a clade of extinct pleurodiran turtles known from the Cretaceous to Paleogene of Africa, Europe, India, Madagascar, and North and South America. The group is most diverse during the Late Cretaceous to Paleogene of Africa. Little is known, however, about the early evolution of the group.MethodsWe here figure and describe a fossil turtle from early Late Cretaceous deposits exposed at MacFarlane Mine in Cedar Canyon, southwestern Utah, USA. The sediments associated with the new turtle are utilized to infer its stratigraphic provenience and the depositional settings in which it was deposited. The fossil is compared to previously described fossil pleurodires, integrated into a modified phylogenetic analysis of pelomedusoid turtles, and the biogeography of bothremydid turtles is reassessed. In light of the novel phylogenetic hypotheses, six previously established taxon names are converted to phylogenetically defined clade names to aid communication.ResultsThe new fossil turtle can be inferred with confidence to have originated from a brackish water facies within the late Cenomanian Culver Coal Zone of the Naturita Formation. The fossil can be distinguished from all other previously described pleurodires and is therefore designated as a new taxon,Paiutemys tibertgen. et. sp. nov. Phylogenetic analysis places the new taxon as sister to the EuropeanPolysternon provinciale,Foxemys trabantiandFoxemys mechinorumat the base of Bothremydinae. Biogeographic analysis suggests that bothremydids originated as continental turtles in Gondwana, but that bothremydines adapted to near-shore marine conditions and therefore should be seen as having a circum-Atlantic distribution.

scholarly journals Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 129-175
Author(s):  
Christopher H. Dietrich ◽  
Dmitry A. Dmitriev
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
New World ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Branch Support ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

The 35 previously described species (including 4 junior synonyms) of the New World erythroneurine leafhopper genus Zyginama are reviewed and descriptions are provided for 43 new species, 2 from U.S.A., 26 from Mexico, 1 from Panama, and 14 from the Amazon region of South America. The following new synonyms are recognized: Z. aucta (McAtee) equals Erythroneura bilocularis Van Duzee, syn. n., and E. inclita Beamer, syn. n.; Z. nicholi (Beamer) equals E. canyonensis Beamer, syn. n., and E. ales Beamer, syn. n. Separate keys are provided for identification of males from North and South America, all known species are illustrated, and data on their distributions are summarized. Phylogenetic analysis of 40 morphological characters of the 71 species for which males are known yielded a reasonably well resolved estimate of relationships among the included species, but branch support was low overall.

scholarly journals First records of representatives of the genus Lysurus (Phallaceae, Basidiomycota) in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 399-406
Author(s):  
M.P. Prydiuk ◽  
◽  
O.M. Balahura ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South America ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

The first records in Ukraine of two species of the genus Lysurus (Phallaceae, Phallales) are reported. Lysurus mokusin is a rare species in Europe distributed mainly in Southeast Asia. Lysurus sphaerocephalum is widespread in North and South America and thus it is also the first record for Europe. In Ukraine, they both are alien species and their appearance in the country is evidence of climate change. The article provides detailed descriptions of fruit bodies of the collected fungi, including macro- and microscopic characters, their locations, as well as distribution data in Ukraine and worldwide. The distinctions from the related species, L. cruciatus and L. periphragmoides, are described. The article is illustrated by original photographs and drawings.

scholarly journals Potential effects of climate change on the temperate zones of North and South America

2004 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
W.K. LAUENROTH ◽  
H.E. EPSTEIN ◽  
J.M. PARUELO ◽  
I.C. BURKE ◽  
M.R. AGUIAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South America ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Gerald H. Thayer's ornithological work in St Vincent and the Grenadines, Lesser Antilles

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Wiley
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
West Indies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lesser Antilles ◽  
American Museum ◽  
The West ◽  
Comparative Zoology ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Gerald Handerson Thayer (1883–1939) was an artist, writer and naturalist who worked in North and South America, Europe and the West Indies. In the Lesser Antilles, Thayer made substantial contributions to the knowledge and conservation of birds in St Vincent and the Grenadines. Thayer observed and collected birds throughout much of St Vincent and on many of the Grenadines from January 1924 through to December 1925. Although he produced a preliminary manuscript containing interesting distributional notes and which is an early record of the region's ornithology, Thayer never published the results of his work in the islands. Some 413 bird and bird egg specimens have survived from his work in St Vincent and the Grenadines and are now housed in the American Museum of Natural History (New York City) and the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Cambridge, Massachusetts). Four hundred and fifty eight specimens of birds and eggs collected by Gerald and his father, Abbott, from other countries are held in museums in the United States.

IV.—The Geological Development, Descent and Distribution of the Mammalia

1893 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 401-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl A. von Zittel
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
The Past ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
North And South America ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North And South ◽  
Animal World

In a spirited treatise on the ‘Origin of our Animal World’ Prof. L. Rütimeyer, in the year 1867, described the geological development and distribution of the mammalia, and the relationship of the different faunas of the past with each other and with that now existing. Although, since the appearance of that masterly sketch the palæontological material has been, at least, doubled through new discoveries in Europe and more especially in North and South America, this unexpected increase has in most instances only served as a confirmation of the views which Rutimeyer advanced on more limited experience. At present, Africa forms the only great gap in our knowledge of the fossil mammalia; all the remaining parts of the world can show materials more or less abundantly, from which the course followed by the mammalia in their geological development can be traced with approximate certainty.

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