scholarly journals Host circadian rhythms are disrupted during malaria infection in parasite genotype-specific manners

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberley F. Prior ◽  
Aidan J. O’Donnell ◽  
Samuel S. C. Rund ◽  
Nicholas J. Savill ◽  
Daan R. van der Veen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Parasite Genotype ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

AbstractInfection can dramatically alter behavioural and physiological traits as hosts become sick and subsequently return to health. Such “sickness behaviours” include disrupted circadian rhythms in both locomotor activity and body temperature. Host sickness behaviours vary in pathogen species-specific manners but the influence of pathogen intraspecific variation is rarely studied. We examine how infection with the murine malaria parasite, Plasmodium chabaudi, shapes sickness in terms of parasite genotype-specific effects on host circadian rhythms. We reveal that circadian rhythms in host locomotor activity patterns and body temperature become differentially disrupted and in parasite genotype-specific manners. Locomotor activity and body temperature in combination provide more sensitive measures of health than commonly used virulence metrics for malaria (e.g. anaemia). Moreover, patterns of host disruption cannot be explained simply by variation in replication rate across parasite genotypes or the severity of anaemia each parasite genotype causes. It is well known that disruption to circadian rhythms is associated with non-infectious diseases, including cancer, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Our results reveal that disruption of host circadian rhythms is a genetically variable virulence trait of pathogens with implications for host health and disease tolerance.

Light-induced suppression of the rat circadian system

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (5) ◽  
pp. R1111-R1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Depres-Brummer ◽  
F. Levi ◽  
G. Metzger ◽  
Y. Touitou
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Circadian System ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Continuous Darkness

In a constant environment, circadian rhythms persist with slightly altered period lengths. Results of studies with continuous light exposure are less clear, because of short exposure durations and single-variable monitoring. This study sought to characterize properties of the oscillator(s) controlling the rat's circadian system by monitoring both body temperature and locomotor activity. We observed that prolonged exposure of male Sprague-Dawley rats to continuous light (LL) systematically induced complete suppression of body temperature and locomotor activity circadian rhythms and their replacement by ultradian rhythms. This was preceded by a transient loss of coupling between both functions. Continuous darkness (DD) restored circadian synchronization of temperature and activity circadian rhythms within 1 wk. The absence of circadian rhythms in LL coincided with a mean sixfold decrease in plasma melatonin and a marked dampening but no abolition of its circadian rhythmicity. Restoration of temperature and activity circadian rhythms in DD was associated with normalization of melatonin rhythm. These results demonstrated a transient internal desynchronization of two simultaneously monitored functions in the rat and suggested the existence of two or more circadian oscillators. Such a hypothesis was further strengthened by the observation of a circadian rhythm in melatonin, despite complete suppression of body temperature and locomotor activity rhythms. This rat model should be useful for investigating the physiology of the circadian timing system as well as to identify agents and schedules having specific pharmacological actions on this system.

Pharmacological effects of vinorelbine on body temperature and locomotor activity circadian rhythms in mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Mei Li ◽  
Marc Vincenti ◽  
Francis Lévi
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Pharmacological Effects

Internal synchronization among several circadian rhythms in rats under constant light

1978 ◽  
Vol 235 (5) ◽  
pp. R243-R249 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. I. Honma ◽  
T. Hiroshige
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Internal Oscillator ◽  
Free Running ◽  
Phase Angles

Three biological rhythms (locomotor activity, body temperature, and plasma corticosterone) were measured simultaneously in individual rats under light-dark cycles and continuous light. Spontaneous locomotor activity was recorded on an Animex and body temperature was telemetrically monitored throughout the experiments. Blood samples were obtained serially at 2-h intervals on the experimental days. Phase angles of these rhythms were calculated by a least-squares spectrum analysis. Under light-dark cycles, the acrophases of locomotor activity, body temperature, and plasma corticosterone were found at 0029, 0106, and 1940 h, respectively. When rats were exposed to 200 lx continuous light, locomotor activity and body temperature showed free-running rhythms with a period of 25.2 h on the average. Plasma corticosterone levels determined at 12 days after exposure to continuous light exhibited a circadian rhythm with the acrophase shifted to 0720. The acrophases of locomotor activity and body temperature, determined simultaneously on the same day, were found to be located at 1303 and 1358 h, respectively. Phase-angle differences among the three rhythms on the 12th day of continuous light were essentially the same with those under the light-dark cycle. These results suggest that circadian rhythms of locomotor activity, body temperature, and plasma corticosterone are most probably coupled to a common internal oscillator in the rat.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Circadian Rhythms of Body Temperature, Heart Rate, and Locomotor Activity in Three Species Hamsters

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruo HASHIMOTO ◽  
Naoki MORITANI ◽  
Toru R. SAITO
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Comparative Study

Circadian rhythms of body temperature and locomotor activity in aging BALB/c mice: early and late life span predictors

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Basso ◽  
Giovanna Del Bello ◽  
Francesco Piacenza ◽  
Robertina Giacconi ◽  
Laura Costarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Late Life

Relationships Between Photoperiodism and Circadian Rhythms of Activity in the House Finch

1967 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. HAMNER ◽  
J. T. ENRIGHT
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Carpodacus Mexicanus ◽  
House Finch ◽  
Phase Lead ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Circadian Time ◽  
Large Phase

1. The Bunning hypothesis proposes that many rhythmic physiological processes, including photoperiodic responsiveness, are all based upon a single, endogenous circadian time-measuring system (‘die physiologische Uhr’). We have attempted to test this hypothesis by examining correlations between the circadian waking-sleeping rhythm of the house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus), and the circadian rhythm of sensitivity to light, which underlies the photoperiodic testicular responses of this species. 2. Experimental techniques included (1) comparisons of locomotor activity patterns induced by specific non-daily light cycles which stimulate gametogenesis (LD 6:30 and 6:54) with those induced by other cycles which are non-inductive (LD 6:18, 6:42 and 6:66); (2) comparisons of gametogenesis resulting from light cycles which produce large phase-lead in the activity rhythms and thereby result in photic stimulation late in the ‘subjective day’ (LD 6:20 and 3:23) with results from similar cycles which cause no phase lead (LD 6:16 and 3:19); and (3) comparisons of gametogenesis under free-running (unsynchronized) conditions in which a 6 hr. stimulus was intermittently administered early in the ‘subjective day’, with other treatments in which the same stimulus was administered late in the ‘subjective day’. 3. In all experimental series, when only group responses are considered, there were clear and strong correlations between testicular growth and the patterns observed in locomotor activity. The nature of the large intra-group variability, however, convinces us that the Bünning hypothesis, as here interpreted, is inadequate to account for all the results. Either the two circadian rhythms may be independent, similar systems; or, if there is a single ‘master clock’, the two manifestations of this timing system are apparently not phase-locked under artificial laboratory conditions. It is not clear to us how these two alternatives are experimentally distinguishable.

The effects of ethanol on the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity and body temperature in rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
H. Egami ◽  
S. Tsujimaru ◽  
Y. Ida
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Circadian Rhythms

A Study of Fasting in Tree Sparrows (Spizella arborea) and Dark-Eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis): Ecological Implications

The Auk ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miki M. Stuebe ◽  
Ellen D. Ketterson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Food Choice ◽  
Junco Hyemalis ◽  
Specific Difference ◽  
Winter Distribution ◽  
Fasting Time ◽  
Ecological Implications ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Despite similarities in winter distribution, habitat selection, and food choice, Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) and Tree Sparrows (Spizella arborea) differ in the extent to which they store fat during winter, with juncos accumulating greater stores. Anticipating that Tree Sparrows might have some means of conserving energy during fasting and thus suffer no disadvantage when weather prevents feeding, we compared the species for weight loss, body temperature, and locomotor activity during fasting and noted relative fasting endurance. Because both species exhibit geographic variation in sex ratio during winter, we also made sexual comparisons, anticipating that males would be able to fast longer than females. The species responded similarly to fasting by (a) lowering body temperature, especially at night, and (b) becoming hyperactive, progressively more so as fasting time increased. Tree Sparrows did not exhibit these responses to a greater degree (although they became hyperactive sooner) and were not able to fast as long as juncos. No sexual differences in fasting ability were observed. Because the species-specific difference in tendency toward fat accumulation cannot be attributed to differences in energy expenditure while fasting, at least in the laboratory, other explanations are considered.

Chronopharmacological effects of nicotine repeated administration on heart rate, body temperature and locomotor activity circadian rhythms in rats

Life Sciences ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (24) ◽  
pp. 2189-2197 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. Pelissier ◽  
M. Gantenbein ◽  
B. Bruguerolle
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Repeated Administration
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