scholarly journals Lymphocyte subpopulations and mast cells intestinal changes as indicators of inflammatory bowel disease in dogs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Espinoza-Zambrano ◽  
Carlos Manuel González
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Mucosal Permeability ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a disease with recurring gastrointestinal symptoms. Lymphocytes and mast cells are proposed as important components in the immunopathology of IBD in dogs. Mast cells depend on degranulation, a process that compromises mucosal permeability and normal intestinal barrier function, which alters the normal inflammatory process by allowing recruitment of lymphocytes in dogs with IBD. In this study, T and B lymphocyte populations and mast cells were examined in situ in 39 intestinal samples of dogs affected by IBD, by immunohistochemistry. Both T lymphocytes and mast cells numbers were significantly higher in the lamina propria of the intestinal wall of dogs with IBD compared with control dogs. Out of the total number of mast cells detected by CD117 expression significantly less cells appear to be granulated according to granule staining with Toluidine Blue, suggesting that an important degranulation process takes place in IBD. Single and double immune staining for tryptase and chymase showed that mast cells can express only one or both enzymes. Tryptase positive cells were significantly higher in number that chymase positive and tryptase/chymase positive cells. T lymphocytes were concentrated mostly at the upper portion of the intestinal villi lamina propria while mast cells were distributed mainly among crypts. These results suggest that populations of T lymphocytes and mast cells play a role in the immunopathology and development of IBD in dogs, also these changes could be helpful as complementary indicators of canine IBD.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus Reuteri DSM 17938 (Limosilactobacillus reuteri) in Diarrhea and Constipation: Two Sides of the Same Coin?

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Angela Saviano ◽  
Mattia Brigida ◽  
Alessio Migneco ◽  
Gayani Gunawardena ◽  
Christian Zanza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Chronic Constipation ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Background and Objectives: Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (L. reuteri) is a probiotic that can colonize different human body sites, including primarily the gastrointestinal tract, but also the urinary tract, the skin, and breast milk. Literature data showed that the administration of L. reuteri can be beneficial to human health. The aim of this review was to summarize current knowledge on the role of L. reuteri in the management of gastrointestinal symptoms, abdominal pain, diarrhea and constipation, both in adults and children, which are frequent reasons for admission to the emergency department (ED), in order to promote the best selection of probiotic type in the treatment of these uncomfortable and common symptoms. Materials and Methods: We searched articles on PubMed® from January 2011 to January 2021. Results: Numerous clinical studies suggested that L. reuteri may be helpful in modulating gut microbiota, eliminating infections, and attenuating the gastrointestinal symptoms of enteric colitis, antibiotic-associated diarrhea (also related to the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection), irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and chronic constipation. In both children and in adults, L. reuteri shortens the duration of acute infectious diarrhea and improves abdominal pain in patients with colitis or inflammatory bowel disease. It can ameliorate dyspepsia and symptoms of gastritis in patients with HP infection. Moreover, it improves gut motility and chronic constipation. Conclusion: Currently, probiotics are widely used to prevent and treat numerous gastrointestinal disorders. In our opinion, L. reuteri meets all the requirements to be considered a safe, well-tolerated, and efficacious probiotic that is able to contribute to the beneficial effects on gut-human health, preventing and treating many gastrointestinal symptoms, and speeding up the recovery and discharge of patients accessing the emergency department.

scholarly journals Serum bile acid profiling reflects enterohepatic detoxification state and intestinal barrier function in inflammatory bowel disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (25) ◽  
pp. 3134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Gnewuch ◽  
Gerhard Liebisch ◽  
Thomas Langmann ◽  
Benjamin Dieplinger ◽  
Thomas Mueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Serum Bile Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

scholarly journals An Overview of Novel and Emerging Therapies for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Sumona Bhattacharya Sumona Bhattacharya ◽  
Raymond K. Cross Raymond K. Cross
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Therapies ◽  
Emerging Therapies ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease, consisting of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, causes chronic gastrointestinal symptoms and can lead to morbidity and mortality if uncontrolled or untreated. However, for patients with moderate-to-severe disease, currently available therapies do not induce or maintain remission in >50% of patients. This underscores the need for additional therapies. In this review, the authors detail the novel therapies vedolizumab, tofacitinib, and ustekinumab and delve into therapies which may come onto the market within the next 10 years, including JAK-1 inhibitors (filgotinib and upadacitinib), IL-23 inhibitors (guselkumab, mirikizumab, and risankizumab), the anti-β4β7 and anti-βEβ7 integrin monoclonal antibody etrolizumab, the sphingosine-1-phosphate subtypes 1 and 5 modulator ozanimod, and mesenchymal stem cells. Further studies are required before these emerging therapies gain approval.

scholarly journals Interfering With Inflammation: Heterogeneous Effects of Interferons in Graft-Versus-Host Disease of the Gastrointestinal Tract and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Haring ◽  
Robert Zeiser ◽  
Petya Apostolova
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Graft Versus Host Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Type I ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Host Disease ◽  
Graft Versus Host ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The intestine can be the target of several immunologically mediated diseases, including graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). GVHD is a life-threatening complication that occurs after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is associated with a particularly high mortality. GVHD development starts with the recognition of allo-antigens in the recipient by the donor immune system, which elicits immune-mediated damage of otherwise healthy tissues. IBD describes a group of immunologically mediated chronic inflammatory diseases of the intestine. Several aspects, including genetic predisposition and immune dysregulation, are responsible for the development of IBD, with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis being the two most common variants. GVHD and IBD share multiple key features of their onset and development, including intestinal tissue damage and loss of intestinal barrier function. A further common feature in the pathophysiology of both diseases is the involvement of cytokines such as type I and II interferons (IFNs), amongst others. IFNs are a family of protein mediators produced as a part of the inflammatory response, typically to pathogens or malignant cells. Diverse, and partially paradoxical, effects have been described for IFNs in GVHD and IBD. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of type I, II and III IFNs, including basic concepts and controversies about their functions in the context of GVHD and IBD. In addition, therapeutic options, research developments and remaining open questions are addressed.

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