scholarly journals A supragranular nexus for the effects of neocortical beta events on human tactile perception

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Law ◽  
Sarah Pugliese ◽  
Hyeyoung Shin ◽  
Danielle Sliva ◽  
Shane Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Sensory Perception ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Sensory Suppression ◽  
Neuronal Mechanisms ◽  
Event Rates

AbstractTransient neocortical events with high spectral power in the 15–29Hz beta band are among the most reliable predictors of sensory perception: High prestimulus beta event rates in primary somatosensory lead to sensory suppression, most effective at 100–300ms prestimulus latency. However, the synaptic and neuronal mechanisms inducing beta’s perceptual effects have not been completely localized. We combined human MEG with neural modeling designed to account for these macroscale signals to interpret the cellular and circuit mechanisms that underlie the influence of beta on tactile detection. Extending prior studies, we modeled the hypothesis that higher-order thalamic bursts, sufficient for beta event generation in cortex, recruit supragranular GABAB inhibition acting on a 300ms time scale to suppress sensory information. Consistency between model and MEG data supported this hypothesis and led to a further prediction, validated in our data, that stimuli are perceived when beta events occur simultaneously with tactile stimulation. The post-event suppressive mechanism explains an array of studies that associate beta with decreased processing, while the during-event mechanism may demand a reinterpretation of the role of beta events in the context of coincident timing.Significance statementSomatosensory beta events – transient 15-29Hz oscillations in electromagnetic recordings – are thought to be generated when “top-down” bursts of spikes presumably originating in higher-order thalamus arrive in upper layers of somatosensory cortex. Physiological evidence had shown that the immediate action of these top-down projections should be excitatory; however, after a beta event, sensory perception is noticeably inhibited for approximately 300ms. The source of this post-event sensory suppression, in particular, had been unresolved. Using a detailed computational model of somatosensory cortex, we find evidence for the hypothesis that these bursts couple indirectly to GABAB inhibition in upper layers of cortex, and that beta events first briefly disinhibit sensory relay before a longer period of inhibition.

scholarly journals Thalamocortical mechanisms regulating the relationship between transient beta events and human tactile perception

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Law ◽  
Sarah Pugliese ◽  
Hyeyoung Shin ◽  
Danielle D. Sliva ◽  
Shane Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Power ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Tactile Detection ◽  
Event Generation ◽  
Event Rates ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Suppressive Mechanism

Transient neocortical events with high spectral power in the 15-29Hz beta band are among the most reliable predictors of sensory perception. Prestimulus beta event rates in primary somatosensory cortex correlate with sensory suppression, most effectively 100-300ms before stimulus onset. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this perceptual association are unknown. We combined human magnetoencephalography (MEG) measurements with biophysical neural modeling to test potential cellular and circuit mechanisms that underlie observed correlations between prestimulus beta events and tactile detection. Extending prior studies, we found that simulated bursts from higher-order, non-lemniscal thalamus were sufficient to drive beta event generation and to recruit slow supragranular inhibition acting on a 300ms time scale to suppress sensory information. Further analysis showed that the same beta generating mechanism can lead to facilitated perception for a brief period when beta events occur simultaneously with tactile stimulation before inhibition is recruited. These findings were supported by close agreement between model-derived predictions and empirical MEG data. The post-event suppressive mechanism explains an array of studies that associate beta with decreased processing, while the during-event faciliatory mechanism may demand a reinterpretation of the role of beta events in the context of coincident timing.

scholarly journals Sensory feedback-dependent coding of arm position in local field potentials of the posterior parietal cortex

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul VanGilder ◽  
Ying Shi ◽  
Gregory Apker ◽  
Christopher A. Buneo
Keyword(s):  
Local Field ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Arm Position ◽  
Multisensory Interactions ◽  
Spiking Activity

AbstractAlthough multisensory integration is crucial for sensorimotor function, it is unclear how visual and proprioceptive sensory cues are combined in the brain during motor behaviors. Here we characterized the effects of multisensory interactions on local field potential (LFP) activity obtained from the superior parietal lobule (SPL) as non-human primates performed a reaching task with either unimodal (proprioceptive) or bimodal (visual-proprioceptive) sensory feedback. Based on previous analyses of spiking activity, we hypothesized that evoked LFP responses would be tuned to arm location but would be suppressed on bimodal trials, relative to unimodal trials. We also expected to see a substantial number of recording sites with enhanced beta band spectral power for only one set of feedback conditions (e.g. unimodal or bimodal), as was previously observed for spiking activity. We found that evoked activity and beta band power were tuned to arm location at many individual sites, though this tuning often differed between unimodal and bimodal trials. Across the population, both evoked and beta activity were consistent with feedback-dependent tuning to arm location, while beta band activity also showed evidence of response suppression on bimodal trials. The results suggest that multisensory interactions can alter the tuning and gain of arm position-related LFP activity in the SPL.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the External Validity of EEG Spectral Power in an Uncontrolled Outdoor Environment during Default and Complex Neurocognitive States

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 330
Author(s):  
Dalton J. Edwards ◽  
Logan T. Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
External Validity ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Eeg Spectral Power ◽  
Eeg Power ◽  
Human Participants

Traditionally, quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) studies collect data within controlled laboratory environments that limit the external validity of scientific conclusions. To probe these validity limits, we used a mobile EEG system to record electrophysiological signals from human participants while they were located within a controlled laboratory environment and an uncontrolled outdoor environment exhibiting several moderate background influences. Participants performed two tasks during these recordings, one engaging brain activity related to several complex cognitive functions (number sense, attention, memory, executive function) and the other engaging two default brain states. We computed EEG spectral power over three frequency bands (theta: 4–7 Hz, alpha: 8–13 Hz, low beta: 14–20 Hz) where EEG oscillatory activity is known to correlate with the neurocognitive states engaged by these tasks. Null hypothesis significance testing yielded significant EEG power effects typical of the neurocognitive states engaged by each task, but only a beta-band power difference between the two background recording environments during the default brain state. Bayesian analysis showed that the remaining environment null effects were unlikely to reflect measurement insensitivities. This overall pattern of results supports the external validity of laboratory EEG power findings for complex and default neurocognitive states engaged within moderately uncontrolled environments.

scholarly journals Sensor-Level Wavelet Analysis Reveals EEG Biomarkers of Perceptual Decision-Making

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2461
Author(s):  
Alexander Kuc ◽  
Vadim V. Grubov ◽  
Vladimir A. Maksimenko ◽  
Natalia Shusharina ◽  
Alexander N. Pisarchik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Perceptual Process ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Band Power ◽  
Sensory Features

Perceptual decision-making requires transforming sensory information into decisions. An ambiguity of sensory input affects perceptual decisions inducing specific time-frequency patterns on EEG (electroencephalogram) signals. This paper uses a wavelet-based method to analyze how ambiguity affects EEG features during a perceptual decision-making task. We observe that parietal and temporal beta-band wavelet power monotonically increases throughout the perceptual process. Ambiguity induces high frontal beta-band power at 0.3–0.6 s post-stimulus onset. It may reflect the increasing reliance on the top-down mechanisms to facilitate accumulating decision-relevant sensory features. Finally, this study analyzes the perceptual process using mixed within-trial and within-subject design. First, we found significant percept-related changes in each subject and then test their significance at the group level. Thus, observed beta-band biomarkers are pronounced in single EEG trials and may serve as control commands for brain-computer interface (BCI).

Inter- and intra-hemispheric spatiotemporal organization of spontaneous electrocortical oscillations

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 423-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. MacDonald ◽  
B. Brett ◽  
D. S. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Sensory Cortex ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Sharp Wave ◽  
Lower Amplitude ◽  
The Right

1. Two 64-channel epipial electrode arrays were positioned on homologous locations of the right and left hemisphere, covering most of primary and secondary auditory and somatosensory cortex in eight lightly anesthetized rats. Array placement was verified with the use of cytochrome oxidase histochemistry. 2. Middle-latency auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials (MAEPs and MSEPs, respectively) and spontaneous oscillations in the frequency range of 20-40 Hz (gamma oscillations) were recorded and found to be spatially constrained to regions of granular cortex, suggesting that both phenomena are closely associated with sensory information processing. 3. The MAEP and MSEP consisted of an initial biphasic sharp wave in primary auditory and somatosensory cortex, respectively, and a similar biphasic sharp wave occurred approximately 4-8 ms later in secondary sensory cortex of the given modality. Averaged gamma oscillations also revealed asynchronous activation of sensory cortex, but with a shorter 2-ms delay between oscillations in primary and secondary regions. Although the long latency shift of the MAEP and MSEP may be due in part to asynchronous activation of parallel thalamocortical projections to primary and secondary sensory cortex, the much shorter shift of gamma oscillations in a given modality is consistent with intracortical coupling of these regions. 4. Gamma oscillations occurred independently in auditory and somatosensory cortex within a given hemisphere. Furthermore, time series averaging revealed that there was no phase-locking of oscillations between the sensory modalities. 5. Gamma oscillations were loosely coupled between hemispheres; oscillations occurring in auditory or somatosensory cortex of one hemisphere were often associated with lower-amplitude oscillations in homologous contralateral sensory cortex. Yet, the fact that time series averaging revealed no interhemispheric phase-locking suggests that the corpus callosum may not coordinate the bilateral gamma oscillations, and that a thalamic modulatory influence may be involved.

Role of beta band oscillations in somatosensory cortex using MEG

NeuroImage ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. S131
Author(s):  
F Wang ◽  
CM Stevenson ◽  
JM Zumer ◽  
TP White ◽  
MJ Brookes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Beta Band

scholarly journals Functional Use of Directional Local Field Potentials in Parkinson's Disease

Neurosurgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilknur Telkes ◽  
Jennifer Durphy ◽  
Octavian Adam ◽  
Nataly Raviv ◽  
Julie G Pilitsis
Keyword(s):  
Local Field ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Local Field Potentials ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Frequency Spectra ◽  
Spectral Dynamics ◽  
Stimulation Parameters ◽  
Beta Power

Abstract INTRODUCTION One of the biggest limitations of deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy is the stimulation induced side effects due to restricted size of functional areas in subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the proximity of structures. The segmented DBS lead technology aims to address this problem by delivering more selected, focal modulation via smaller, directional contacts. However, the DBS programming becomes more complex and time-consuming for clinical feasibility. Here in this pilot study, we investigated the spectral power distribution of directional local field potentials (LFPs) in STN and their relationship to motor symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD). METHODS We recorded 8-channel intraoperative LFPs in 9 PD patients at resting and during stimulation OFF. Power-frequency spectra were computed for all individual contacts and then grouped according to which anatomical directions they are facing. Beta (13-20 Hz/20-35 Hz) and alpha (7-12 Hz) band powers were calculated and their correlation to preoperative UPDRS-3 scores (51.7 ± 21.9 d before the DBS surgery) and the clinical programming were evaluated. RESULTS The average depth-frequency maps demonstrated different spectral dynamics across anterior, medial, and lateral directions. Patients with severe tremor compared to nontremor subjects showed higher beta power in anterior and lateral directions. Beta band power were positively correlated with the tremor severity and significantly correlated with clinical stimulation amplitude (mA) in anterior direction (P < .05). Correlation analysis between beta power and the other UPDRS-3 items such as bradykinesia/rigidity or postural instability and gait disturbance did not show clear trends towards a direction. CONCLUSION Given that testing all possible combinations of contact pairs and stimulation parameters is not feasible in a single clinic visit, spatio-spectral dynamics obtained from intraoperative recordings of LFPs might be used as an initial marker to select optimal contact (s). LFPs carry pathological signatures of PD and they might provide a functional use to predict optimal stimulation parameters in future. These features as well as higher frequency and cross-coupling dynamics of LFPs need to be studied in detail with larger subject populations.

scholarly journals Higher-order structural characterisation of native proteins and complexes by top-down mass spectrometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (48) ◽  
pp. 12918-12936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mowei Zhou ◽  
Carter Lantz ◽  
Kyle A. Brown ◽  
Ying Ge ◽  
Ljiljana Paša-Tolić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Structural Characterisation ◽  
Native Proteins ◽  
Break Up ◽  
Top Down Mass Spectrometry

Top-down mass spectrometry techniques break up native proteins and complexes to reveal all levels of structural information.

scholarly journals United we sense, divided we fail: context-driven perception of ambiguous visual stimuli

2012 ◽  
Vol 367 (1591) ◽  
pp. 932-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Klink ◽  
R. J. A. van Wezel ◽  
R. van Ee
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Information ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Contextual Influences ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Neuronal Mechanisms ◽  
Neuronal Representation ◽  
The Brain

Ambiguous visual stimuli provide the brain with sensory information that contains conflicting evidence for multiple mutually exclusive interpretations. Two distinct aspects of the phenomenological experience associated with viewing ambiguous visual stimuli are the apparent stability of perception whenever one perceptual interpretation is dominant, and the instability of perception that causes perceptual dominance to alternate between perceptual interpretations upon extended viewing. This review summarizes several ways in which contextual information can help the brain resolve visual ambiguities and construct temporarily stable perceptual experiences. Temporal context through prior stimulation or internal brain states brought about by feedback from higher cortical processing levels may alter the response characteristics of specific neurons involved in rivalry resolution. Furthermore, spatial or crossmodal context may strengthen the neuronal representation of one of the possible perceptual interpretations and consequently bias the rivalry process towards it. We suggest that contextual influences on perceptual choices with ambiguous visual stimuli can be highly informative about the neuronal mechanisms of context-driven inference in the general processes of perceptual decision-making.

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