scholarly journals Trehalose 6-phosphate Controls Seed Filling by Inducing Auxin Biosynthesis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Meitzel ◽  
Ruslana Radchuk ◽  
Erin L. McAdam ◽  
Ina Thormählen ◽  
Regina Feil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Auxin Biosynthesis ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Young Embryo ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Metabolic Signal

AbstractPlants undergo several developmental transitions during their life cycle. One of these, the differentiation of the young embryo from a meristem-like structure into a highly-specialized storage organ, is vital to the formation of a viable seed. For crops in which the seed itself is the end product, effective accumulation of storage compounds is of economic relevance, defining the quantity and nutritive value of the harvest yield. However, the regulatory networks underpinning the phase transition into seed filling are poorly understood. Here we show that trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P), which functions as a signal for sucrose availability in plants, mediates seed filling processes in seeds of the garden pea (Pisum sativum), a key grain legume. Seeds deficient in T6P are compromised in size and starch production, resembling the wrinkled seeds studied by Gregor Mendel. We show also that T6P exerts these effects by stimulating the biosynthesis of the pivotal plant hormone, auxin. We found that T6P promotes the expression of the auxin biosynthesis gene TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE RELATED2 (TAR2), and the resulting effect on auxin levels is required to mediate the T6P-induced activation of storage processes. Our results suggest that auxin acts downstream of T6P to facilitate seed filling, thereby providing a salient example of how a metabolic signal governs the hormonal control of an integral phase transition in a crop plant.

scholarly journals Grain legume seed filling in relation to nitrogen acquisition: A review and prospects with particular reference to pea

Agronomie ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 539-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Salon ◽  
Nathalie G. Munier-Jolain ◽  
G�rard Duc ◽  
Anne-Sophie Voisin ◽  
David Grandgirard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Legume ◽  
Legume Seed ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Nitrogen Acquisition

Spectrophotometrical pod colour measurement: a non-destructive method for monitoring seed drying?

2005 ◽  
Vol 143 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. COSTE ◽  
M. P. RAVENEAU ◽  
Y. CROZAT
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Seed Water Content

A non-destructive indicator of seed water content could significantly help crop scientists with assessment of the effects of environmental conditions during drying on grain qualities or on seed physiological quality. This is particularly important for grain legumes which simultaneously bear pods of different ages. Visual assessment of pod colour has so far been used to date grain legume stages, but now colour can be easily and accurately measured with a portable spectrophotometer. Relationships between the spectrophotometer measurements and the pod and seed water contents were tested in various climatic contexts (3 years: 2000, 2001, 2002; field or greenhouse, two or three sowing dates) for two bean cultivars (Booster and Calypso) and also for one pea cultivar (Baccara) in 2003 near Angers, France. Among the different spectrophotometer measurements, hue angle (h) clearly shows the transition from green (h=180 °) to yellow (h=90 °) and then to red (h=0 °). In each context, h and seed water content (SWC) relationships showed the same pattern of three linear phases: first a steady state; then a sharp decrease from green (h=106–108 °) to yellow (h=85–93 °) just before the end of the seed filling stage for Booster or between the end of the seed filling phase and the beginning of seed drying for Calypso and pea; finally, a slow decrease from yellow to ochre (h=75–78 °) during seed drying. For each bean cultivar, the parameters of the linear relationships showed no differences between maturation conditions. Therefore, 6 h classes matching six SWC classes could be defined over a wide range of SWC between 0·56 and 0·2 g/g for Booster. However for Calypso and pea, only 3 h classes could be defined because of the tight relationships between h and SWC during the end of seed drying, which can be explained by pod walls drying faster than seeds. Hence, spectrophotometer measurements, if calibrated for a given cultivar of a species, could now be used to select pods with seeds of the same water content and therefore to study environmental effects on quality criteria either in controlled conditions or in the field.

The Nutritive Value of Legume Seeds

1950 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Borchers ◽  
C. W. Ackerson
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Legume Seeds

In vitrorumen microbial degradation of a selection oilseeds and legume seeds under consecutive batch culture (CBC)

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 104-104
Author(s):  
Ismartoyo ◽  
C.S. Stewart ◽  
T. Acamovic
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Oil Seeds ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Inadequate Information ◽  
Cowpea Seed ◽  
Energy Supplements

Brassica seeds and other oil seeds are high in protein and oil and are potentially good protein and energy supplements for ruminants. However, antinutrients present in these seeds, including glucosinolates, tannins, gossypol and others, limit their use especially in the diets of monogastric animals. Ruminants appear to be less susceptible because of rumen microbial action which may degrade some of the antinutrients. It is well known that high fat intakes by ruminants adversely affect microbial function and in a feeding experiment in which rape seed oil was incorporated in the diet of bulls, a depression in rumen fermentation and a reduction in apparent cell wall digestibility was found (Tesfa, 1993). Similarly, tropical legume seeds such as Lablab seed (Lablab purpureus), Narbon seed (Vicia narbonensis), Mungbean seed (Vigna spp.) and Cowpea seed (Vigna unguiculata) have high crude protein and low fiber contents and are likely to be valuable as concentrate feedstuffs. However, a number of antinutrients known to be present in legume seeds such as lectins, protease inhibitors, cyanogenic glycosides and amino acids such as canavanine and mimosine are considered to inhibit the growth of animals fed these seeds.In vitrodegradability trials of oil seeds and legume seeds have not been carried out and there is inadequate information on the nutritive value of these seeds for ruminants. The studies reported were designed to investigatein vitromicrobial degradation of dry matter of ground seeds and their influence on gas production under CBC.

scholarly journals Increasing seed size and quality by manipulating BIG SEEDS1 in legume species

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (44) ◽  
pp. 12414-12419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangfa Ge ◽  
Jianbin Yu ◽  
Hongliang Wang ◽  
Diane Luth ◽  
Guihua Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Model Legume ◽  
Plant Organs ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Regulatory Module

Plant organs, such as seeds, are primary sources of food for both humans and animals. Seed size is one of the major agronomic traits that have been selected in crop plants during their domestication. Legume seeds are a major source of dietary proteins and oils. Here, we report a conserved role for the BIG SEEDS1 (BS1) gene in the control of seed size and weight in the model legume Medicago truncatula and the grain legume soybean (Glycine max). BS1 encodes a plant-specific transcription regulator and plays a key role in the control of the size of plant organs, including seeds, seed pods, and leaves, through a regulatory module that targets primary cell proliferation. Importantly, down-regulation of BS1 orthologs in soybean by an artificial microRNA significantly increased soybean seed size, weight, and amino acid content. Our results provide a strategy for the increase in yield and seed quality in legumes.

Amino acid ileal digestibility of some grain legume seeds in growing chickens

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Pérez ◽  
I. Fernández-Figares ◽  
R. Nieto ◽  
J. F. Aguilera ◽  
C. Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Bitter Vetch ◽  
Poultry Diets ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

AbstractThe apparent and true amino acid (AA) digestibility from soya-bean meal (SBM), vetch meal (VM), field pea meal (FPM) and bitter vetch meal (BVM) were determined in the lower ileum of growing chickens force-fed on semisynthetic diets (120 g crude protein and 13·1 MJ metabolizable energy per kg dry matter) based on each meal as the sole source of protein. The average apparent and true digestibility values were 0·82, 0·73, 0·76 and 0·60 and 0·90, 0·91, 0·87 and 0·74 for diets SBM, VM, FPM and BVM, respectively. Marked differences in AA digestibility among diets were found. The apparent digestibility of methionine, the most limiting essential AA in poultry diets, was significantly higher in diet SBM than in diets FPM and BVM (P < 0·05). It is concluded that the seeds of vetch and field pea may be suitable for inclusion in poultry diets as partial substitutes for soya bean. The use of bitter vetch is not recommended.

The nutritive value of legume husks

1934 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Linton ◽  
A. N. Wilson ◽  
S. J. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Oil Cakes ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Seed Coats ◽  
By Products

There are three by-products obtained from the preparation of legume seeds for human consumption which are marketed as supplemental animal foods, namely, the seed-coats (testa) which are removed from beans, peas and lentils. They are known commercially by various names, “skins,” “shells,” “husks,” “hulls” and as “offals.” They are used extensively in the East for the nutrition of cattle, where dehusked legumes enter so largely into the dietary of humans. Bean, pea and lentil husks are all used for stock feeding in Britain, and it was the frequency with which pea husks were found in commercial sheep-feeding mixtures sent for examination, and the knowledge that considerable consignments of bean shells are from time to time imported, that led to this enquiry into their nutritive value. Previous to the adoption of the Foodstuffs and Fertilisers Act, 1926, bean husks were imported into Britain in larger quantities than is at present the case, some of them being ground and added to bean meal, a practice which one has reason to believe has now ceased. Bean husks are seldom fed as such to cattle in Britain, but in France they are given to dairy cows and horses. For cows they are mixed with beet pulp, oil cakes and bran with, it is stated, good results. For horses they are mixed with oats, and an informant, a farmer from Cambrai, mixes them in equal proportions with oats for his working horses, giving to each 30 litres per day. It is claimed that the addition of the husks causes a more complete mastication of the oats and that horses do well on the mixture.

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